In this thesis I examine the development and expansion of judicial power in Sweden. The concept of judicial review is defined and related to democratic theory, and the various forms of judicial review in use in Sweden are explained. The main focus is on the political and scientific discussion concerning judicial review since the mid 1970s. It is shown that judicial review so far has been used only to a limited extent and that the number of court cases has remained quite stable over time. The main cause of judicialization seems to be the supremacy of EU law following the Swedish EU membership in 1995 and the inclusion of the European Convention on Human Rights into Swedish law.

ResuméCorporate governance och vidhängande problematik har i princip existerat sedan bolagsformer som innebar en separation mellan kapital och makt började användas. I synnerhet har problemen vidhängt aktiebolagen som är den bolagsform som främst representerar den organisationsmodell där makten över kapitalet inte enbart tillkommer dess ägare utan även andra, av kapitalplacerarna utsedda, förvaltare. Denna s.k. principal agent-problematik har flera olika tänkbara lösningar. Uppsatsen behandlar dessa olika sätt att hantera corporate governance.

Syfte: Att bolag inte alltid styrs av sina ägare har varit betydande för marknadsekonomins utveckling. Införandet av aktiebolag sänkte riskerna samtidigt som möjligheterna ökade. I börsnoterade bolag finns ofta ett brett ägande vilket innebär risker vid tillvaratagandet av intressen. Ägare och ledning är sällan den samma och deras intressen skiljer sig ofta åt. För att minska riskerna har många länder infört olika bolagsstyrningskoder.

AbstractThis is a study of present day dogs with the purpose to establish a method to investigate archaeological dogs and determine their use in the past. The study has focused on measurements of five bone elements, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna and femur. A principal component analysis has been applied in order to decide which measurements to be further used in the analysis. Different proportions have been calculated on these measurements.A test to try the method has also been done on bones of a wolf and a dog without known background. The results from the different elements are positive, and they narrow the field down to two dog types of which one is more likely to be true than the other.The final results show that, although over lapses between the four different dog groups; hunting dogs, guard/work dogs, sled dogs and shepherd's dogs exists, it is possible to distinguish different dog usage from the proportions of the bones..

År 2010 avskaffades revisionsplikten för små bolag i Sverige vilket gör att det numera är frivilligt för dessa bolag att ha en revisor. Det är kombinationen av Sveriges låga gränsvärden för undantagande av revisionsplikt, samt avsaknaden på tidigare forskning i en svensk kontext som motiverar denna studie. I denna undersökning, som bygger på ett slumpmässigt urval av 400 svenska små bolag, testas faktorer som i utländska studier tidigare funnits påverka efterfrågan på frivillig revision. Detta görs för att se om samma samband finns i Sverige. Vi förutspår att efterfrågan på revision påverkas av företagets storlek, skuldsättningsgrad, risk och ålder.

A co-operation is established when a group of people, sharing the same preferences and values, come together in order to satisfy a common need. The co-operative association should be democratic, governed and supervised by its members and open to everyone. The purpose of this article is to, from our ideal type, study similarities and differences regarding the corporate governance of the consumers? and the producers? co-operative movement. The motive behind our choice of alignment is that the mechanisms of corporate governance often are described from the perspective of the joint-stock company, making it valuable and interesting to study these mechanisms from the co-operative point of view.

Efter revisionspliktens slopande år 2010 har fler förenklingar för småföretag blivit föreslagna angående revision och redovisning. En av dessa är slopandet av de jävsbestämmelser som är relaterade till revision för småföretag, nämligen redovisnings-, medelsförvaltnings- och byråjävet. Förslaget avsåg att förenkla för småföretag samt att öka möjligheterna för revisionsbyråers så kallade kombiuppdrag. Denna debatt har lett till ett lagförslag om ett slopande av dessa jävsregler vilket sedermera blivit avslaget med motiveringen att det skulle äventyra revisionens oberoende. Vi vill med denna studie undersöka vilka positiva och negativa aspekter som ett slopande av redovisningsjävsreglerna skulle resultera i samt vilka som skulle gagnas mest av en sådan förändring. De teorier som används som grund för denna kvalitativa studie är Principal-agent teorin, Oberoende, Legitimitetsteorin samt Intressentmodellen, inom Principal-agent teorin finns en delteori som heter Informationsasymmetrier.

The purpose of this study is to achieve a greater understanding of the perception of the use of Special Educational Needs Coordinators? (SENCOs?) competence in school. The informants of this study are the director of the school district, two principals and six teachers in two schools in a municipality in Sweden. The method used for this study is qualitative interviews, and the results have been analyzed using perspectives on special education. The results show that the director of the school district has one ideal view of SENCOs working close to the principals with supervision of teachers, school development, administrative tasks etc.

The aim of this master-thesis is to investigate the emergence of bureaucratic drift in connection with implementation of EU-legislation in Sweden. To narrow it down I have chosen to look at the Swedish implementation of the Working Time Directive, directive 93/104/EG. To be able to fulfil the purpose of this master-thesis I have used two research questions; [1] How did Sweden implement the Working Time Directive into Swedish law? and [2] Why did Sweden omit to correct implement the Working Time Directive? To be able to understand and explain the situation I have used the principal-agent perspective as a theoretical framework. An analysis of motives has been used as analytical method.The results from the analysis show that Sweden, in order to keep the contractual model used on the labour market, which is a part of the well known Swedish model, shirked while implementing the directive and implemented as to be able to fulfil its own agenda.

This essay revolves around two questions: what is the nature of politics, and what kind of political order ensures a high rate of citizen participation? By using Cantal Mouffes theory on the political this essay shows how different understandings of the nature of politics can lead to diverging views on what forms democracy should take. Two such understandings are identified; one that sees the nature of politics as characterized by conflict and power, one that sees it as a space for cooperation in search for the common good. I trace these different ideas about the political in the parliamentary debate concerning Swedish constitutional reform. I conclude that the left-of-centre parties hold a view of the political closer to the conflict-perspective, while the green party together with the liberals/conservatives lean closer to the opposite view..

This thesis deals with non-wanted political parties e.g. right wing populism. How should a democracy handle these opinions? So far these parties have been neglected and not even considered as real parties. By excluding them from the debate and the political arena, media and more established parties have seen them merely as a threat than as democratic parties.

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze equalities/inequalities between the Danish and Swe-dish immigration policy based on Habermas theory about openings/closures and analyze the reasons to the differences between Danish and Swedish immigrant policy. Therefore this study has two question formulations, the first one was "Is there any equalities/inequalities between the Danish and Swedish immigration policy based on Habermas theory of openings and closings?" and the second was "Why are there equalities/inequalities between the Danish and Swedish immigration policy?" The results show that based on Habermas theory there are equalities between the Danish and Swedish immigration policy. On the question why, the re-sults show us that the factors who give the difference are work, people?s attitude to immi-grants and party politics.Keywords: Denmark, Sweden, Immigration policy, opening, closing..

The aim of this thesis is to illustrate the principal problem of the study of national self-images and by questioning the congruent existence of one in the case of Sweden. Through the use of qualitative method and semi-structured interviews the ambition of the study is to compare and to understand the national self-images portrayed in a major Swedish town, Stockholm and to that of a smaller town on the countryside, Sjöbo. A social constructionist approach in co-operation with key temporal and spasial dimensions are used to penetrate the interviews at hand. The main conclusions drawn from this study highlights the difficulties in addressing the concept of a congruent national self-image. Several major discrepancies appear in the analysed material, mainly in the past and the external dimensions, both from a regional approach, but also very much within the local entities themselves..

To what extent do young Muslims relate to the left-right-scale in Swedish politics?: A case study from SUM?s youth conference of 2009.English AbstractIn Sweden there seem to be a growing concern about young people?s waning involvement in party politics. Another group that is sometimes described as uninvolved in politics is immigrants, living in worn down suburbs with low employment and education levels. In expressing sentiments like those above, it seems that ?guilt? is shifted onto young people or immigrants.

Det är lätt att ta för givet att anställda, och i vårt fall förändringsagenten, arbetar i organisationens intresse när faktumet kan vara det motsatta. Vår studie granskar ett tämligen tabubelagt ämnesområde inom företagssfären. Syftet med studien är således att på ett deduktivt sätt studera hur ledningsgrupper arbetar för att säkerställa att förändringsagenten inte jobbar i självintresse, och vilka verktyg lednigen kan använda sig av för att motivera förändringsagenten att jobba i organisationens intresse. Genomförande har skett genom att måla upp en empirisk illustration genom intervjuer med fyra olika företag inom olika branscher för att bredda bilden av hur olika företag arbetar. Vår första slutsats är att det är tämligen svårt att intressera företag att tala om självintresse i och med att det är ett så tabubelagt ämne.