För en god uppväxt är barnets hälsa av stor betydelse och den orala hälsan är en del av den allmänna hälsan. Syftet med studien var att undersöka gravida kvinnors kunskap om kostvanor, munvård och karies hos barn under tre år. Metoden var kvantitativ och har genomförts med en enkät. Undersökningsgruppen var gravida kvinnor och enkäten har distribuerats till dessa via barnmorskor. Resultatet har analyserats deskriptivt och baseras på 243 besvarade enkäter.

Today the school is a given place for preventing social problems. The school struggles continuously to live up to the expectations of balancing preventive social work with pedagogy in a satisfactory way.The purpose of this essay is to get a picture of priorities of social work in school. I want to know what it is that affects and controls the principal's decision about what kind of social project they will accept and be a part of.This essay shows that only one of the eleven principals interviewed apply projects based on evidence when they decide about participation in a social project. Instead, the decisions are based on references from other schools. The reason why the principals do not base their judgement on projects which are based on evidence is because they consider the search for results too time consuming.When there is no requirement that a certain part of the social work in a school must be based on evidence, it leads to the children taking part in different social projects which we can not guarantee are good for them.One solution can be to guide the principals through a national social teachingplan, which can assure that social work based on evidence are being applied in the municipality schools as well as the independent schools..

Adoption är ett av många sätt att bilda familj på, dock är det inte så vanligt i vårt samhälle. Då adoption inte är vanligt förekommande finns det inte heller mycket kunskap kring adoptionsprocessen därför har vårt syfte varit att undersöka vilka emotioner som uppkommer i adoptionsprocessen och hur dessa bearbetas både inom individen och i en gemenskap. Vårt syfte var att undersöka hur paren och den enskilda individen hanterar emotionerna som uppkommer i adoptionsprocessen men även hur normerna påverkar synen på adoptivföräldrar. Därefter ville vi även se hur den enskilda individen kunde genomgå denna process och om föräldragruppen hade någon betydelse. För att ta reda på detta utförde vi fyra solidariska intervjuer med fyra olika par som ingick i samma föräldragrupp.

This study aim to explore how the conditions of an individual's childhood may affect their coping with trauma. The individuals represented in this study, for the purpose to explore coping with trauma, are individuals grown up under insufficient childhood conditions. This study is based on the assumption that childhood conditions, are a factor of influence on coping with trauma, in a greater extent than it is understood and given credit for in todays society. Our result shows that there is an obvious correlation between insufficient childhood conditions and destructive coping with trauma. There is a need of larger general awareness that an individuals resources for coping with trauma is affected by the conditions growing up.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious postoperative complication and nurses should therefore observe symptoms in an early stage and implement preventive provisions, for example use of graduated compression stockings (GCS). The nurse is also responsible for making sure that ordinate GCS tried and used correctly by the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest research regarding the efficacy of GCS in prevention of postoperative DVT and if there are any incorrectness in usage. And assess guidelines and recommendations for the usage of GCS. Method: Literature review.

The purpose of this essay is to draw attention to a rather new phenomena, virtual bullying amongst young people. Bullying has been known for a long time but today, bullying has found new ways of expression. New technology, which includes the Internet and cell phones, has given the bullies new weapons to use in their bullying.The study I have done has been qualitative and contained interviews. Represents from two communities, Playahead and LunarStorm, and two organisations, BRIS and Friends, all together five persons (two persons from LunarStorm) have been interviewed and had the opportunity to tell me their view on virtual bullying.The results show that young people see the new technologies as a valuable prolongation of their reality that they won?t give up if they don?t need to.

Studien utforskar området mellan den svenska integrationspolitiken som aktivt försöker komma ifrån nationalistiska uttryck och den svenska försvarspolitiken som tycks underhålla dessa. Integrationspolitiken har beskyllts för att ha varit allt för fokuserat på en uppfattning om att invandrare och svenskar har varsin kulturell särart. Detta har lett till en uppdelning om ?vi? och ?de Andra? och därmed integrationspolitikens misslyckande. Studien undersöker spår av denna uppdelning i försvarspolitiken.

Politics in today's society unfolding more and more in the media, but the media content is limited. Therefore, the media must constantly make choices, choices which are specific to each object. The purpose of this study is to examine how Olof Palme is portrayed as a politician and private individual in the documentary film Palme - älskad och hatad, and also how Carl Bildt is portrayed as a politician and private individual in the documentary film Bildt - excellensen.To study the documentary films I use a qualitative textual analysis with a focus on a narrative analysis. In the narrative analysis, I have been inspired by the categoricalcontent- based approach to study the documentary films. In my analysis, with the help of theories of mediatization of politics, documentaries and stories, I interpret and analyze the films to make them more understandable.The conclusions of the study is that Palme in his role as a politician is portrayed as a humane person who cares about the individual.

Background: In Sweden approximately 37 000 individuals are affected by myocardial infarction every year. It is important after an infarction to investigate and make preventive changes of lifestyle to prevent another event. Patients have different conditions on how to manage a myocardial infarction and the new life situation they are put in. Through Kim?s domains men?s experiences after a myocardial infarction are separated.

Senare års forskning visar på att obstruktivt sömnapnésyndrom, OSAS, är en både underdiagnostiserad och underbehandlad sjukdom. Detta beror delvis på att många personer med OSAS är omedvetna om sitt tillstånd. Sjukdomen innebär återkommande totala andningsuppehåll under sömn och en hypoxi som leder till en rad olika komplikationer, däribland hjärtkärlsjukdomar. Syftet med denna studie var att utreda vad som påverkar OSAS och vilken roll sjuksköterskan kan spela i vården av dessa patienter. Metoden som användes var en litteraturundersökning.

The aim of this study is to describe what teachers and principals experience in schools regarding threats, violence and harassment towards teachers. A phenomenographical inspired approach has been used to describe and analyse the conceptions of five teachers and five principals. The findings of the study indicate that there is no impending risk for teachers to suffer from violence, threats or harassment. However, it does occasionally happen, and the findings of the study indicate that there are some factors that increase the risk. The major three factors are: fear, personality and inexperience.

Information Technology (IT) makes it possible to electronically distribute data between actorswho are in geographically diverse areas. Nowadays, information is sent less frequently throughtraditional correspondence in favor of faster electronic equivalents via the internet.Despite effective IT environmentand secure encryption techniques choose some actors to sendinformation through physical delivery. This phenomenon occurs in those working withconfidential information as it is handled by a number of rules and safety regulations.Based on a set of rules and requirements, we have looked over the possibility of sending sensitiveinformation electronically over the internet. The aim was to find general guidelines for howcompanies and organizations should manage and send sensitive information over insecurenetworks. This led us to our research question: How can information be exchanged betweenactors in geographically diverse areas be categorized and encrypted so that it can be transportedover the internet without security or integrity deficiencies?To answer the question, there was a case study at a defense company.

Depression in young adults is a serious condition causing serious suffering for the victim. By finding risk factors for depression the opportunity for early preventive action is increased, which, in turn, may prevent a negative course. Two risk factors which have been shown to be related to depression are shame and rejection. Therefore this study examined the relationship between shameproneness, rejection sensitivity, shame-related events and depressive symptoms. The self-report questionnaires used were TOSCA, RSQ, Shaming index and BDI-II.

The following study examined whether similarities in motor speech deficits in Parkinson?s disease and in developmental stuttering could be observed. Furthermore, intelligibility was examined. Assessments of 16 people with Parkinson?s disease, 35 people with developmental stuttering and 49 matched controls were performed with the tests Dysartribedömningen and the Swedish Test of Intelligibility.

Slopes in fine till soils are exposed to surface erosion due to rainfall, snowmelt and upland water sources. Large areas of road slopes are therefore covered for surface erosion protection. Preventive methods like ditches and trenches are also being used. Silt tills are particularly troublesome since the water can bring the soil into suspension and cause mudslides. Different methods for erosion protection have been studied in this work, with the emphasis placed on rockfill covering. The need for and the dimensioning of this type of covering has been examined in literature and field studies.