Lower urinary tract diseases are a common problem in cats all over the world. The symptoms are for example dysuria, pollakuria, stranguria, periuria and hematuria. In approximately two thirds of these cats the underlying cause is not known and the disease is therefore called feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC). We need to know more about the disease to get a consistently effective treatment and prevention. A retrospective study was performed in 50 cats with symptoms of FIC and where other causes of inflammation were ruled out. Data like breed, age, sex, body weight, feeding, therapy and therapeutic results were collected, also if it was an indoor or outdoor cat, duration of the symptoms, if there was any stress and if the cat was living with another cat.

The authors of this paper intended to study and compare local secondary schools(municipally owned schools) and independent secondary schools(privately owned schools) in Stockholm County. The purpose oft his paper is to explore how secondary schools market themselves and whether the view and use of marketing is different between municipal and independent secondary schools. The essay is by nature multi-case study and interviews were conducted with representatives from four high schools, two municipal and two independent, one representative from Education Committee and one from Privet Schools? Association.The introduction of School reform in 1992 enabled opening of privately owned schools and empirical datas hows that before 1992 secondary schools did not have the same extent of competition and the need of marketing was not widespread, but today there is fierce competition among secondary schools. The introduction of School reform changed the conditions for the Swedish school market, greater freedom of choice led to atougherfight for the students, which in turn increases the competition between secondary schools.

This paper is named ?The status of the programme is low? ? Gymnasium teacher?s thoughts and attitudes towards students in the vocational- and the educational programmes. The purpose is, as the title reveals, to examine the attitude of four teachers in the Swedish gymnasium towards the vocational and the educational programmes and the students that attend either one of them. This purpose is accompanied by research which says that the educational programmes? status is higher than one of the vocational programmes.

The environmental monitoring in Sweden has been developed by several different parties and is now being coordinated and made more effective in order to meet the current demands on high quality information regarding the state of the environment. Sweden has been divided into five different water districts based on watershed areas because of requirements in the Water Directive of the EU. In Sweden there are two common types of environmental monitoring programs used to gather information on changes in time and in space. Currently both these two types are used for lakes in the water district of the western sea but only one is used for watersheds. The purpose of this report is to supply basic information regarding the possible need for a second environmental monitoring program for watersheds in order to better describe the spatial variation within the district as well as to determine the number of samples necessary in order to describe the district over time and space.

Introduction: Mental illness is a public health issue which 20-40 per cent of the inhabitantsin Sweden suffer from. Many factors can lead to mental illness and because of that it isimportant that different organisations and professions collaborate in prevention and healthpromotion work. To develop the collaborative process by noticing difficulties and successes,documenting, follow-up and evaluation is of great importance. Aim: The aim of this literaturereview is to investigate which methods are used for evaluation of health promoting anddisease preventive collaborative projects, which focuses on mental health directly orindirectly, and find out what results these projects has revealed. Method: Literature reviewwith descriptive design.

Syftet med denna studie var att kartlägga retentionen av resinbaserade fissurförseglingar på sexårsmolarer utförda på studentklinik. Karies registrerades även på övriga sexårsmolarer. Materialet utgjordes av 51 barn födda år 1999 eller 2000 med minst en fissurförsegling på sexårsmolaren utförd av tandläkarstudent. Fissurförseglingen skulle vara utförd i Delton® och ha en minsta uppföljningstid på ett år. Data registrerades från journaler avseende allmänhälsa, medicinering, kariesdata och riskgrupp.

The object with this work was to create a simple feeding program for beef cows. Another object was that I could learn more about the properties and functions of Excel and Visual Basic. I used parts of a program I designed a few years ago. This old program was neither user friendly nor had it an appealing layout. Initially I decided how I wanted the new program to appear and on which foundation it should be built. I designed various forms into a spread sheet, such as lists and multiple choice buttons. Using VBA (Visual Basic for Application) I could create macros, which used the information chosen in the lists and with the multiple choices to calculate the feeding requirement or the feeding plan.

Among young adults and especially women, psychological issues are common phenomena in the society such as depression, anxiety and stress. Research has shown that physical activity can be a complement for anti-depressant medication. The aim of this review is to examine previous research to find out how physical activity can provide positive effects on overall mood state in particular young women's psychological health. The results of this review is that there are support in the literature of young women that physical activity may enhance mood in studies of depression and anxiety symptoms and small support for the effects on reducing stress. Physical activity with both high intensity and low intensity has shown to have positive effects on depression and anxiety, but the physical activity has to be regular for long-term effects.

Bakgrund: Multiresistenta bakterier utgör ett hot mot mänskligheten. Då spridning vanligtvissker inom vården ligger ett ökat ansvar på sjuksköterskans preventiva arbete för att förhindrasmittspridning. De vanligaste multiresistenta bakterierna, vilka nämns i denna studie är:Methicillinresistenta Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Vancomycinresistenta Enterokocker(VRE), Multiresistent Tuberkulos (MDR-TB) samt Extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL).Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att erhålla en översikt av sjuksköterskans ansvarinom ämnet multiresistenta bakterier. Metod: Litteraturöversikten är baserad på tolvvetenskapliga artiklar, vilka hämtats från databaserna PubMed, Cinahl och Scopus. Resultat:Resultatet av artikelgranskningen visade tydligt omgivningens betydelse för minskadsmittspridning och vikten av god vård.

Background: School health services of today focus on prevention and health promotion within the school. A collaboration between the school health services and the student care team from the guidelines with focus on the student, is expected. Purpose: The purpose was to illustrate School nurses  vocational experiences and what the role of school health services in the student care team at upper secondary schools of John Bauer in relationship to the vision of the school. Method: Qualitative content analysis with inductive approach was used (Lundman &Hällgren-Graneheim, 2008). Data was collected by interviewing  school nurses at  School of John Bauer.

I föreliggande systematiska litteraturstudie var syftet att samla information om och belysa sjuksköterskans evidensbaserade omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebygga och bedöma trycksår. Artiklar söktes via Högskolan Dalarnas bibliotek och sökmotorn Electronic Library Information Navigator (ELIN). Sökorden pressure, ulcer och nurs* användes. De vetenskapliga artiklarna (n= 15) kvalitetsbedömdes enligt granskningsmallar som bestod av 28 kvalitetskriterier. Därefter evidensgraderades artiklarna.

Uppsatsen syftar till att studera hur gymnasieskolor profilerar sig genom marknadsföring. Detta tillämpas genom en diskursanalytisk studie av sex gymnasieskolor, som alla tillgodoser det Samhällsvetenskapliga programmet, belägna i Uppsala kommun. Av den marknadsföring som funnits tillgänglig har urvalet begränsats till respektive skolas hemsida. Resultatet visar på ett samband mellan hur skolorna talar om utbildning och elev. Det centrala för detta samband är hur eleven, genom skolornas marknadsföring, konstrueras som en konsument av utbildning.

The purpose of this study was to examine young women?s perception and fear of sexual assault. An additional aim was to analyze the women?s view on guilt and responsibility in rape related questions. Two focus group interviews were executed with undergraduate women aged 22-32 years.

The calculations in this thesis are evaluating the profit as a consequence from treating young stands of pine in Sweden with birch bark extract, BBE. Treatment is to be done with the object to lower or fully reduce the moose browsing on pine. The study is made in three versions. The results from each version separately will follow below. Version I.: The size of the moose population is in no way affected by the reduced resources of food as a consequence of large scale treatment with BBE on pine. Results show profit at a 3 percent level of interest with the exception of treatment program with more than 4 treatments all together and with the exception of Västerbottens Län with an early first treatment. Version II.: The population of moose decrease from 10 to 5 individuals per 1000 ha as a consequence from large scale treatment with BBE on young pine stands.

Since the beginning of the new millennium the world?s population has increased exponentially fast. The majority of this growth has been accommodated for by urbanization of the developing world. This in turn has lead to a wide spread of informal settlements. Thus, areas of urban slums, that have risen illegally on the marginal lands within and at the periphery of the formal city.