Uganda has the largest pig population in east Africa, and most of the animals are owned by smallholders. Infectious diseases among pigs have a devastating impact on the livelihood of these farmers, which are dependent on the proceeds from pig rearing. In a metagenomics study of the wild pig species bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus), the porcine viruses Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) 1and 2 and Porcine parvovirus 4 (PPV4) were detected. TTSuV1 and 2 are ubiquitous in the world?s swine population, and PPV4 has been found in USA and China, but neither of them has been studied in Africa previously.

Aim - To investigate the Prevalence of allergies among students at The Swedish School of Sport and Health Sciences (GIH) in Stockholm and relate it to factors that previous research in this area found to influence the risk of developing allergic diseases.- Can Hygiene Hypothesis or more specifically the relationships of family structure, socioeconomic status and the degree of overcrowding explain the existence of allergies among students at GIH?- Can the Prevalence of allergies among students at GIH be explained by any of the known relationship for the Prevalence of allergic diseases this study has taken into account?Method - Quantitative survey of students at GIH in the fall of 2013.Results - 214 students from The Swedish School of Sport and Health Science participated in the study, with representation from the first - and last - year students of all educational programs. More than twice the proportion of those diagnosed respondents said that their mother smoked during pregnancy or while they were breast-fed compared with the same group of respondents with no allergic diagnosis. The correlation is not statistically significant (p -value: 0.054). The majority of respondents with an allergic diagnosis indicated that their home mopped once a week or more for most of their childhood, while the majority of respondents with no allergic diagnosis stated that their home mopped less often.

This essay aims to explore the possibilities for elderly in nursing homes in Örebro municipality toreceive other treatments besides medication in case of depression or anxiety. Issues associated withthe object in this paper and which are discussed are Prevalence of drug usage, opportunities forelderlies to receive other treatments, Prevalence of other treatments and the elderlies own power orinfluence over the choice of treatment. The survey has been conducted with questionnaires sent outby post to nurses at every nursing home for elderly in Örebro municipality. The results showed thatdrugs are used extensively when treating depression or anxiety among the nursing home residents,and other treatments are never or only occasionally being discussed at more than half of the nursinghomes in this study. The results also show that reminiscence therapy and problem-solving therapyhas been used occasionally, while alternative therapies are used more frequently.

Cardiac arrhythmias and heart diseases can result in a limited performance capacity which could lead to anxiety and depression. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the Prevalence of symptoms of depression among patients with cardiac arrhythmias. The intention was also to explore differences between men and women in the occurrence of symptoms of depression. Furthermore, the Prevalence of symptoms of depression among patients with cardiac arrhythmias was compared with a Swedish general population. Method: For two weeks MADRS-S, a self-rating scale for depression, were distributed at a medicine ward where patients with cardiac arrhythmias are treated, at a hospital in Sweden.

This retrospective study aimed to examine differences at age fivebetween twenty-six internationally adopted and twenty-six Swedish-bornchildren with cleft lip and palate regarding age of surgery, speech andintervention. Correlation between age of surgery and speechvariables andgender differences was examined. Blind assessment of audio recordedsentence repetition or naming of words was performed by two speechpathologists. Soft palate was closed significantly later for the study groupthan the control group. Age at closure of hard palate did not differ.

Several bulls in Sweden are culled because of lameness. Studies of beef bulls have shown that osteochondrosis is an important underlying cause of hind limb problems (Persson, 2003; Dutra, 1998). Osteochondrosis in horses, dogs, swine, poultry and man are well documentated in the literature, but there are few studies in cattle. The Prevalence of osteochondrosis in dairy bulls in Sweden is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and localisation of osteochondrosis in the hindlimbs of dairy bulls. This study consists of 48 one-year-old bulls divided into four groups related to which farm they came from.

Most descriptions of stereotypic behaviours have in common that these repetitive behaviours only has been observed in captive animals and therefore it has been proposed that stereotypies exist because we house animals in environments that are sub-optimal to them. Some scientists claim that performance of stereotypies in itself decreases the animal's welfare due to costs in time, energy and health and a poorer quality of life. Other scientists assert that individuals performing stereotypies may have a better welfare compared to the rest of the animals in the same environment, since these individuals have developed strategies to cope with stress. Studies have estimated the Prevalence of abnormal behaviours in horses to 18-30 % of the population. Several studies on cribbing have revealed a Prevalence of 4-5 %, although some results indicate that more than 10 % of the horse population performs this stereotypy.

Denna litteraturstudie har utförts med syftet att redogöra för hur husdjursavel kan användas för att minska den negativa miljöpåverkan från animalieproduktion. Animalieproduktion påverkar miljön negativt genom husdjurens utsläpp av växthusgaser, främst metangas. Litteraturstudien behandlar huvudsakligen idisslare eftersom den största delen av de totala metanutsläppen, från husdjur, härstammar från dem. Metangas bildas under den mikrobiella fermenteringen som sker i våmmen hos idisslare. Fermentering av foder med hög smältbarhet resulterar i mindre metanbildning jämfört med foder med låg smältbarhet.

Claw diseases are common diseases in modern dairy production. They are painful for the cow and costly for the producer. Differences in the Prevalence of claw disease depending on housing system have previously been observed. This raises the question if there are genotype by environment (GxE) interactions for claw diseases in different housing systems. To investigate this claw trimming records for Swedish Red dairy cattle (SR) and Swedish Holstein cows (SH) were retrieved from the Swedish Dairy Association.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is one of today's major public health problems, affecting up to 347 million people worldwide. Several studies have shown a correlation between hearing loss and diabetes mellitus. However, it is still unclear whether this correlation differs between type 1-diabetes and type 2-diabetes.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is any difference in Prevalence of hearing loss in type 1-diabetics versus type 2-diabetics.Method: A meta-analysis was performed based on ten studies that were identified through the database PubMed and through manual searching of references. Odds ratios for the risk of developing hearing loss were calculated in each study. Pooled odds ratios were calculated using a random effects model.Results: Pooled odds ratios indicates that both type 1-diabetics and type 2-diabetics are more likely to develope hearing loss compared to non-diabetic controls.

KRAV-certified organic dairy herds generally have a lower milk yield than conventional dairy herds. A high-level of milk yield requires a feeding regime with high amounts of concentrates, a factor known to contribute to the development of claw lesions (Bergsten, C. 2003). The aim of this study was to compare claw health between organic and conventional dairy herds in free and tie stall systems. The number of herds from different domestic animal health associations was chosen in proportion to the association´s total portion of Swedish dairy producing herds of each type, respectively.

Parkinson's disease is a progressive degenerative neurological disorder. In Sweden there are 15 000-20 000 individuals affected by the disease.The aim of this study was to investigate the Prevalence of oral diseases in individuals with Parkinson's disease. The material for the literature review was gathered in the medical database PubMed. Keywords used for the data research were ?Parkinson?s disease?, ?oral diseases?, ?dry mouth?, ?gingivitis?, ?caries? and ?periodontitis?.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether a dietary change, physical activity or a combination of both gave the best result when treating obesity, concerning weight loss and BMI. Excessive weight and obesity are today a big health-issue and it is estimated that 10 % of the men and 12 % of the women in Sweden have a BMI over 30, i.e. are suffering from obesity. The corresponding number for children is 3 %. No one can say for sure what causes obesity but there are many theories.

Ossification of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx has been studied primarily in cold blooded horses. The clinical relevance of this condition is unknown. Despite this fact, since 1939, all Swedish Ardenner stallions have had to be classified as being free from this ossification to be approved for breeding. Initially, palpation was used as a diagnostic method, but since 1982 radiology has been the only method used. The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of 68 years of breeding program. Dorsopalmar radiographs were taken of the front feet of 58 Ardenners (30 mares, 8 geldings and 20 stallions) and the ossification of the collateral cartilages was evaluated and graded according to three different scales; - Ruohoniemi (grade 0-5), - Swedish University of Agricultural Science (grade 0-3), - and a new scale (grade 0-3), developed for this study.

This thesis seeks to investigate the relationship between municipal policy for housing supply and the planning of new housing in Sweden. Through a case study of Göteborg municipality and a comparative content analysis of Göteborgs policy for housing supply and a number of plans featuring housing the analysis seeks to investigate the effect of policy for housing supply as a tool for securing the demand for housing in the Swedish municipalities. The thesis also seeks to discuss its findings using theory concerning the implementation of policy and the general planning situation for Swedish municipalities today. The result of the analysis shows that most plans fail to regulate most of the content suggested in the policy for housing supply, particularly regarding aspects such as pricing, type of housing and type of ownership. The result also points towards a relationship regarding the Prevalence of municipal land contracts and compatibility to policy for housing supply as well as a connection between how extensive the plans are in their proposed land use and their compatibility with policy for housing supply.