The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which incontinence aids, used in local authority/municipal nursing homes, were adapted to the resident?s urine-leakage volume and to find out how nurses perceived the current situation concerning individual testing of incontinence aids in municipal nursing homes. The study method was a quantitative empirical study and was carried out in two phases. The first phase was a weighing test, carried out in three nursing homes, whereby the incontinence aids used by 25 residents during a 48 hour period were weighed. The second phase was the completion of a questionnaire by the municipal nurses working in the same local authority.

Teaching in pre-school usually takes its starting-point in children?s reality and curiosity. Apart from that it has also been important to take contains of a special subject under consideration, for example development of language and communication or mathematics development. The purpose of this study was to investigate how natural science as a special subject in pre-school education is expressed by five trainee teachers when they teach children at the age of 2-7. Generally the study focuses on the students? teaching actions as well as their line of argument about their teaching and the choices they have to make.

Linnéuniversitetet Kalmar Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper  Arbetets art:                   D-uppsats, 15 hp                                                                           Lärarprogrammet                                      Samhällsutveckling med ett internationellt perspektiv Titel:                              Hur sker implementering av förebyggande arbete gällande hiv och aids?  Författare:                      Nina Svenman Handledare:                   Gunnar Hansson ABSTRACT This study analyzes the prevention of HIV and AIDS around the region of Pretoria in South Africa. The study's starting point is the cultural, economic, social and health which is relevant when different levels of society affirms. The aim has been the basis of the representation levels of society discern what is valued and given priority as well as the measures and the strategies used in implementation. The empirical data underlying the study is qualitative studies with respondents from a university, a hospital, a school, the Swedish Embassy and an organization in order to create an image of different levels in society means to implement preventive measures on HIV and AIDS to their citizens. The result demonstrates that there are clear shortcomings in its implementation guidance on prevention measures for HIV and AIDS as lack of resources is based.

The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the role of course books for teaching English to children at intermediate level of primary school in Sweden. The essay is based on a descriptive, qualitative method and interviews have been conducted with seven teachers in different schools, teaching English in year 4, 5 and 6.The result of the study shows that course books have considerably influence on the teaching of English in the schools who took part in this investigation. The participating teachers use a course book as main teaching material and almost everybody follows the traditional routine working with Textbook and complementary tasks in Workbook every week. They base their lessons on course books and use alternative teaching material mainly for fun activities, speaking practice and individualization. Even though all teachers rank speaking and listening as most important for new learners, it is reading which has the largest impact on their teaching.

Non-compulsory schools in Sweden should make use of the knowledge and experience that is available in society according to the aims and objectives of the Curriculum for the Non-Compulsory School System - Lpf 94. There are however only a few studies which have focused on the contacts between non-compulsory schools and society as represented by the business world in Sweden.The purpose of this study is to examine in what ways and to what extent non-compulsory schools are following the Curriculum by using the knowledge and experience of the business world. The perspectives have been: Which contacts in the business world and which working practices from the business world are implemented in teaching in non-compulsory schools? In what way do these contacts and working practices affect the teaching and learning of business administration? The purpose of this study is also to examine if the teachers in non-compulsory schools use business information and different kinds of business knowledge and experiences in order to keep themselves up-to-date regarding the business world. The perspectives have been: Are the teachers using up-to-date business information or business experience? Are the teachers applying a multicultural perspective in teaching business studies? In what way does this kind of information or first-hand experience affect the teaching and learning of business administration?The method used in this study was to interview seven teachers from two non-compulsory schools in Stockholm.

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation was to understand how teachers/pedagogues nowadays work with mathematics in school. In what way can they pin point the difficulties a pupil with another language might have with mathematics.I started the process of this investigation by reading litterature on the subject. Then I did interviews with several teachers and pedagogues teaching in different schools with children at different ages.The results found in my investegation pointed to a lack of practical work with mathematics especially in classroom and revealed from the teachers a strong desire to work with mathematics in different ways.?Talking maths? with pupils in class will help them understand the subject better. Several teachers are of the opinion that the pupils will reach the goals in school with this method.The teachers are also aware of the importance of having practical mathematics.

Bakgrund: År 2012 levde 30 miljoner människor världen över med HIV, varav Afrika är värst drabbats.  I takt med det ökande antalet HIV smittade i Afrika ökar sjuksköterskornas arbetsbelastning. Syfte var att undersöka de afrikanska sjuksköterskors erfarenheter i omvårdnaden av patienter med HIV/AIDS i Afrika. Metod: Litteraturstudie som bygger på elvavetenskapliga artiklar som hittades via databaserna Cinahl, PsycInfo och PubMed. Artiklarna analyserades och resulterade i två övergripande teman och fyra underteman.

I världen är det idag 30-35 miljoner människor som lever med HIV/AIDS och i Sverige lever idag 6 500 människor med HIV. Den HIV-drabbade är inte den enda som drabbas, då även de närstående drabbas av sjukdomens påfrestningar. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva närståendes upplevelser när en familjemedlem eller någon i närkretsen lever med HIV/AIDS. Metoden var litteraturstudie, som genomfördes med Polit och Becks niostegsmodell. Artikelrsökningen genomfördes på databaserna CINAHL och PubMed.

During my practical training period I observed that many of the students have a negative attitude against mathematics. I also observed that these students have a difficulty reaching the goals in the subject. In my opinion there are different factors that can be the reason to why these students experiences mathematics as a difficult subject in school. This is the reason why I wanted to find out which factors that lies behind the difficulties and how the pedagogues work to support these students. It is also significant that every single student get their rights to develop a positive attitude against mathematics and that the pedagogue supports the students in their development.The point with this degree project is to find out, with the help of three pedagogues, which factors that could lead to difficulties in mathematics with students.

Bakgrund: December 2009 fanns mer än 5 000 personer infekterade med HIV registrerade i Svenska Smittskyddsinstitutets register, varav cirka 2300 fått diagnosen AIDS. Att leva med HIV/AIDS medför en traumatisk förändring av livet med självstigmatisering och diskriminering.Syfte: att beskriva hur patienter med HIV/AIDS upplever sjuksköteskans bemötande samt vilken inverkan detta har på patienterna.Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie användes som metod för att besvara studiens syfte. Databaserna Cinahl, PubMed, Psycinfo och SweMed+ valdes för att söka efter vetenskapliga artiklar. Tio vetenskapliga artiklar valdes och utgjorde studiens data.Resultat: Studiens resultat kan uppdelas i ett positivt och ett negativt bemötande. Patienter med HIV/AIDS upplevde sjuksköterskans bemötande som förtroendeingivande och medmänskligt, något som ledde till upplevelse av trygghet och motivation.

Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att undersöka hur allmänheten fick sin första bild avHIV/AIDS från massmedia. Jag valde därför att undersöka hur Dagens Nyheter ochAftonbladet rapporterade om HIV/AIDS under senare delen av 1980 ? talet. I minundersökning sker en analys av hur tidningarna granskade makthavarna i sin rapportering avHIV/AIDS, hur tidningarna gav de mindre grupperna i samhället en röst i sin rapportering avHIV/AIDS och hur tidningarna lugnande men samtidigt varnande sina läsare i sittrapporterande om HIV/AIDS för att sedan jämföra resultatet mellan de två tidningarna. Jagvalde även att undersöka hur rapporteringen i de tidigare nämnda områdena skiljde sig mellanåren 1986 och 1988.

A pilot study conducted on four patients, which we received from the Sahlgrenska University Hospital, who were all potential candidates for a cochlear implant. We fitted our test subjects with a pair of frequency compressing hearing aids called Phonak Naida V SP during the study and let them evaluate them for about seven weeks. Measurements made with monosyllabic words throughout the study showed significant differences in speech perception (p?0.05) compared to their regular hearing aids in 3 out of 4 cases. De-activation of the frequency transposed function showed significant decreases in 3 out of 4 cases compared to when it was activated.All test subjects were satisfied with the new hearing aids and chose to keep using them at the end of the study..

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva människors upplevelser av att leva som HIV-positiva och/eller AIDS-sjuka. 14 vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Studien resulterade i åtta kategorier: Att inte kunna förändra sin situation men kunna förändra sig själv, att finna mening med sin sjukdom, att vara stigmatiserad, övergiven och utan värdighet, att framtiden är oviss och den bekymmerslösa tiden i livet går förlorad, att känna skuld till sin sjukdom och livet som ett trauma, att det är viktigt med motivation och stöd, att ha tankar och önskemål om tiden innan döden och dödsögonblicket, att känna den trötta kroppen ge upp påverkar människorna mentalt. Den fördjupade förståelsen om hur människor med HIV och/eller AIDS upplever sin situation tydliggör dessa människors behov av respekt, förståelse samt stöd. Denna kunskap tillsammans med fortsatt forskning kan genom att människors upplevelser åskådliggörs från ett inifrånperspektiv bidra till utveckling inom omvårdnad.

Sammanfattning HIV/AIDS är en epidemi i Sydafrika och antalet kvinnor som lever med denna sjukdom ärhögre än män. Studiens frågeställningar var, att genom organisationsrepresentanterna ta reda på; vad berodde detta på, hur smittades dessa kvinnor och hur upplevde och hanterade de sin sjukdom. Vilken hjälp och stöd fick de för att de skulle kunna leva ett någorlunda normalt liv samt hur behandlades dessa kvinnor av omgivningen? Studiens metod var en kvalitativ studie bestående av fem intervjuer med personer som arbetar med dessa kvinnor inom den frivilliga organisationen, Treatment Action Campaign (TAC) i Kapstaden i Sydafrika.Vidare genomfördes en observationsstudie för att ge en ram för de genomförda intervjuerna.Studien visade att de olika kulturernas syn på kvinnor, kvinnornas ekonomiska beroende av sina män, männens sexvanor, fattigdom, våldtäkter och okunskap om sjukdomen var de faktorer som bidrog till att flest kvinnor än män blev smittade av HIV/AIDS.Genom TAC fick vi också kunskap om att HIV/AIDS var en stigmatiserad sjukdom vilket gjorde det svårt för vissa av dessa kvinnor att tala öppet om sin status vilket i sin tur gjorde att de inte kunde få hjälp, stöd, vård och medicinerig. Dessa kvinnor kunde bli misshandlade, stenade eller dödade på grund av sjukdomen, både av sina män och av andra i deras omgivning.Studien belyser även HIV/AIDS ur ett könsperspektiv eftersom det var fler kvinnor som smittades av sjukdomen..

English is an international and global language that students, regardless of mother tongue, encounter in their everyday lives. In Sweden, students are introduced to English teaching in year 1, 2 or 3, and in some cases, year 4. English teaching can sometimes be problematic when the language of instruction often consists of Swedish, which for second language students becomes a challenge to acquire new skills in a week language.The study aims to examine, with a qualitative study, how pedagogues plan and implements English teaching in first grade with students whose mother tongue are other than Swedish. Further, the aim was to examine how pedagogues say they relate to the fact that second language pupils participating in English lessons and if they think it affects their English teaching.The conclusions is that the pedagogues has probably not been problematized the phenomenon examined and say they do not adapt their teaching. In the interviews reveals information about the teaching method which, in my opinion, indicates that, unconsciously, adapting their teaching when they have second language students.