Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a serious postoperative complication and nurses should therefore observe symptoms in an early stage and implement preventive provisions, for example use of graduated compression stockings (GCS). The nurse is also responsible for making sure that ordinate GCS tried and used correctly by the patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the latest research regarding the efficacy of GCS in prevention of postoperative DVT and if there are any incorrectness in usage. And assess guidelines and recommendations for the usage of GCS. Method: Literature review.

Every year begomovirus infections cause severe constraints to the tomato production in Nicaragua. Extensive yield losses are followed by large economical losses, both for the country and the single farmer. During recent years the use of begomovirus resistant or tolerant tomato cultivars has increased in Nicaragua as an effort to improve yields. Still, begomovirus infection is a large threat to the tomato production. Therefore, ongoing work in Nicaragua is focusing on finding new, better, begomovirus tolerant or resistant tomato cultivars.

In this study, 29 calves were dehorned by heat cauterisation at the age of 1 to 8 weeks. Before the procedure, the calves were given local anaesthetic but were not sedated. In connection with the dehorning, 14 calves were given the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) meloxicam and 15 calves were given placebo. During the following three days behavioural studies were performed to investigate if the different treatments had any effect on the calves´ postoperative behaviour. Head shakes, head rubs, kicks and ear flicks were studied, as earlier studies have shown that an increase in these behavioural patterns suggests postoperative pain.

Respiratory infections are one of the major causes of disease in sheep throughout the world. In the beginning of 2008 the Swedish National Veterinary Institute and the Swedish Animal Health Service together started a project about respiratory infections in Swedish sheep. This study is an initial part of that project and the aim of this study was to investigate different sampling possibilities with focus on nasal swabs. This study is composed partly of a literature review on causative agents of respiratory infections in sheep and existing sampling methods, and partly of an experimental study comprising 56 sheep. These sheep were sampled with both an ordinary nasal swab and a guarded nasal swab. Before the start of this study there was to our knowledge no described method for sampling sheep with a guarded swab.

Ultrasound is still a relatively new method for the diagnosis of abdominal conditions in cattle. The objective of this study is to evaluate ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for the common diseases affecting high-producing dairy cattle, for example traumatic reticuloperitonitis, right- and left displacement of the abomasum, fatty liver, wound infections and abscesses. This paper is a combined litterature study and a report of the results from ultrasound examinations of bovine patients at the ruminant clinic at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences. The study includes two healthy cows from the ruminant clinic, and seven patients with abdominal related diseases. The examinations were made with a 2-6 MHz curvilinear transducer and both the right and left sides of the abdomen were scanned.

Background: Urinary tract infections caused by indwelling urinary catheters causes unneccesay suffering among those it affects. These infections are also financially straining on the health care services. It is therefore of importance to gain knowledge about which evidence based preventive interventions that have the possibility to reduce the risk for bacteriuria and urinary tract infections among patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Aim: This study aimed to compile available knowledge concerning i) if silver alloy catheters does reduce bacteriuria in this patient group, ii) if aseptic catheterization does reduce bacteriuria in this patientgroup, iii) which routines for changing the urinary drainage bag reduces the risk of bacteriuria, iv) which routine genital hygenic care reduces the risk of bacteriuria? Method: Litterature was searched for in the data bases Cinahl, Medline and The Cochrane Library using the data bases? thesaurius combined with OR/AND.

Mammary gland neoplasia is one of the most common diseases in the bitch and the most common neoplastic disease. More than 13 % of the female dog population in Sweden suffers from mammary tumors during their lifetime. The disease can affect bitches in all ages but most often middle aged and older dogs. Some breeds such as Poodle and English Setter are predisposed for the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate if it is possible to improve the post surgical healing process by using a pressure pad.

Background: Urinary tract infections caused by indwelling urinary catheters causes unneccesay suffering among those it affects. These infections are also financially straining on the health care services. It is therefore of importance to gain knowledge about which evidence based preventive interventions that have the possibility to reduce the risk for bacteriuria and urinary tract infections among patients with indwelling urinary catheters. Aim: This study aimed to compile available knowledge concerning i) if silver alloy catheters does reduce bacteriuria in this patient group, ii) if aseptic catheterization does reduce bacteriuria in this patientgroup, iii) which routines for changing the urinary drainage bag reduces the risk of bacteriuria, iv) which routine genital hygenic care reduces the risk of bacteriuria? Method: Litterature was searched for in the data bases Cinahl, Medline and The Cochrane Library using the data bases? thesaurius combined with OR/AND.

 Pain is common among women undergoing first trimester surgical abortions. At the postoperative unit, department of gynaecology, University Hospital, Uppsala, the goal is that 80 % of the women should rate pain as £ 3 on a numeric rating scale (NRS), when leaving the unit.The aim of the study was to investigate how rating was performed at the unit and to investigate patient?s perceptions of pain after having undergone first trimester surgical abortion.20 patients (74%) participated in the study. Ninety percent of the patients rated their pain as NRS £ 3 when leaving the unit. Seven patients (35 %) rated their pain as NRS > 3 directly after operation, and 2 (10 %) patients NRS > 3 when leaving the unit.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this medical record research was to study 30 patients with chronic subdural hematoma on a neurosurgical clinic, mapping documented nutritional status, preoperative fasting and hydration and energy supply before surgery. In addition peroperative administration of fluid and vasoactive drugs, as well as postoperative complications and length of hospital stay were studied. The mean age of the patients was 71 years. Nutritional status was evaluated in 12 patients, out of these seven were judged to be at risk for under nutrition. Fifteen patients had surgery day 1 (total fasting time on average m 11 h), eleven had surgery day 2(29 h), three had surgery day 3 (35 h).

The purpose of this study was to illustrate the effects of music in pre-, peri-, and postoperative care. This study is a systematic literature study based on 22 scientific articles with quantitative methods. Music is an alternative treatment used in nursing care. Nurses could as a complement to routine pre-, peri-, and postoperative nursing have music interventions in mind, because an operation involves anxiety, fear and pain for many patients. The result of the study shows that music can reduce patients? anxiety, pain and improving their wellbeing and recovery.

The effectiveness of Phlebiopsis gigantea to prevent spore infections from Heterobasidionannosum and Heterobasidion parviporum on hybrid larch stumps were investigated in fivestands in southern Sweden. All sites are former forest land and the age of the trees wasbetween 9 and 13 years.The study was implemented in August 2010, a month where spore dispersal should be great.The five sites were located in previously un?thinned monocultures of hybrid larch. The sporeload in the air was studied with the help of spore traps from three different tree species;Norway spruce, Scots pine and hybrid larch. A total of 146 spore traps, evenly distributed inall five sites were analyzed.

The aim of this literature study was to give a clear picture of what gastric dilatation-volvulus is, and how the acute- and postoperative treatment and care is managed. The general aim is to support and help the veterinary technicians in their clinical work. Gastric dilatation volvulus is always an emergency. The primarily goal when these dogs are hospitalized is to establish an adequate cardiovascular function. This is done by immediate intravenous fluid therapy followed by decompression of the dilated stomach.

It is common knowledge that our horses do occasionally hurt themselves and cause damage to their bodies. They also manage to do it in the most remarkable ways. The problem is not that they hurt themselves, because everybody does so from time to time. The problem is that they often experience difficulties with the healing of the wounds. The cause to that problem is the fact that they often lose a vast amount of tissue, the wound is more often than not extensively contaminated and the wound is often found a long time after the accident occurred.

Background: Many women experience high levels of pain after caesarean birth. Adequate postoperative pain treatment is important for the mother to be able to breastfeed, take care of the infant and experience a positive birth. Objective: The overall aim is to study women?s experience of postoperative pain and pain relief after caesarean birth. Method: A quantitative retrospective survey.