Background: A patient undergoing surgery will meet many caregivers in different settings pre-, intra- and postoperative in the surgical pathway. Lack of communication is a common digression and the handoff is such an occasion. The purpose is to describe current knowledge about the patients´ right to safe care perioperative. The study is a systematic review (pilot). Result: The handoff was informal, unstructured and inconsistent.

Alla patienter som genomgår någon typ av operation där man penetrerar huden har en ökad risk att drabbas av en postoperativ sårinfektion. Syftet var att utforska de preoperativa åtgärderna huddesinfektion och hårborttagning relaterat till uppkomsten av postoperativa sårinfektioner. Metoden var en systematisk litteratur studie där nio artiklar användes som underlag. Resultatet visade att klorhexidin reducerar bakterierna på huden, men ingen signifikant minskning av antalet postoperativa sårinfektioner kunde påvisas. Av hårborttagningsmetoderna rakhyvel, rakapparat och hårborttagningskräm ger rakhyvel upphov till fler små sår..

Syftet med denna empiriska studie var att granska hur sjuksköterskan dokumente-rar smärta på en postoperativ avdelning och hur åtgärder i samband med smärt-lindring följs upp. Studien genomfördes på Universitetssjukhuset i Malmö genom granskning av journaler för 14 patienter som givit sitt samtycke att delta i studien. Analysen resulterade i tre kategorier: god/tillfredsställande, delvis tillfredsställan-de och bristfällig/obefintlig dokumentation. Resultatet av studien visade brister gällande dokumentation av smärta. Avsaknad av användning av visuell analog skala, smärtans karaktär och uppföljning av smärtlindring kunde noteras i ett fler-tal journaler.

This work is a combination of a literature study and a practical pilotstudy. In the literature study essential physiological reasons of why anaesthesia of horses is so risky are explained. Diffrent methods of induction and recovery are brought up, together with significant aspects of positioning the horse on the operating table and perianaesthetic complications such as myopathy, neuropathy and limb fractures. The pilotstudy had the purpose of examine the bodytemperature of horses undergoing general anaesthesia and to control the perianaesthetic temperature measurements performed in Swedish horseclinics and veterinary hospitals. Our hypothesis was that the bodytemperature of the horses would decrease but not enough to cause a problem. The purpose of this work has been to gather more profound knowledges in the subject of perianaesthetic nursing of horses which is an important part of the assignment of a veterinary nurse..

One area of responsibility for a nurse is to alleviate suffering. Gender research has shown that there are differences between men and women. The aim of this literary study has been to elucidate men and women’s experience and expression of pain and to examine to what extent sex and gender influence which treatment the patient receive. The study is based on 21 scientific articles from the databases PubMed and Cinahl. The result shows that women experience and express more pain than men, postoperative and experimental. It is however not possible to draw any general conclusions in terms of the need for men and women to be treated in different ways.

The purpose with this inquiry was to investigate why women do not advance to higher positions of leadership in a bank. I have interviewed five female employees in the company. The theoretical starting points I have used in this study are such as organization theory and leadership. There are four conceptions that obstructs women to develop for higher positions of leadership. There are conceptions that men ought to have better social network with other men than women.

The aim of this literature study has been to investigate the general nurse's knowledge of diabetes type 1 and its complications. The questions were: What does the general nurse need to know about diabetes type 1? What does the general nurse know about diabetes type 1? To answer these questions, a literature study has been done of 8 scientific articles. The theoretical reference study on which the study has been based is Gustafsson's SAUK Model for affirmative nursing care. The result shows that the nurse lacks knowledge in the nursing care of diabetes patients and this reflects the fact that little research has been done on diabetes mellitus type 1 in recent years.

This essay focuses on two social workers talking about their working field in the prostitution area in a Swedish city. The study aims to investigate how the social workers talk about their field and clients that are in it through the use of narrative analysis. Furthermore we discuss the complications with qualitative interviews, narrative analysis from a feminist theoretical and methodological point of view. The study is based on an interview with the two social workers. The result reveals only tendencies rather than a general "truth".

Bakgrund: Höga ljudnivåer på postoperativa avdelningar har visat sig öka utsöndring av stresshormoner hos patienter. Med insikt om hur musik som omvårdnadsåtgärd påverkar patienten postoperativt, kan omvårdnadspersonalen försöka göra den postoperativa vården så angenäm som möjligt.Syfte: Att belysa musikens inverkan på postoperativa avdelningar ? ur ett patientperspektiv.Metod: Litteraturstudie baserat på åtta vetenskapliga artiklar som analyserats systematiskt.Resultat: Det framkom att musik kan användas som omvårdnadsåtgärd för att minska stress, oro och smärtupplevelse postoperativt. Patienterna upplevde att musik kan bidra till ett ökat välbefinnande och reducera upplevelsen av störande ljud.Konklusion: Omvårdnadspersonalen bör få ökad kunskap om musikens betydelse postoperativt ur ett holistiskt synsätt, då musik är en enkel och kostnadseffektiv omvårdnadsåtgärd.Nyckelord: Postoperativ, musik, omvårdnad, litteraturstudie.

Is there such a thing as unadulterated nature? All that surrounds us is culturally modified by man somewhere along our past. But culture is only a fictitious conception itself, created in an attempt to break the world into controllable objects.So in what do we find culture? In everything? In the objects or the stories they embrace? Who chooses what?s worth saving and how to save? Choosing what is culture is made from personal, ingrained dichotomies of what?s important and what is not. A selective eye creates a distorted truth, which could have unintentional long-term effects.This thesis will give a historical account of the archaeological discipline?s development in tending to our cultural heritage.

I bakgrunden beskrivs begreppen smärta och postoperativsmärta tillsammans med Travelbees vårdteori. Den postoperativa smärtupplevelsen är alltid unik och bör behandlas individuellt. Det förekommer stora variationer i smärtupplevelse, analgetika behov och behandlingseffekt hos patienter. Syftet är att belysa patienters upplevelser av postoperativ smärta. Metoden för uppsatsen är en litteraturstudie där kvalitativt vetenskapliga artiklar har använts.

I samband med kirurgi kan patienterna drabbas av postoperativa komplikationer. Rökning är en av riskfaktorerna för detta. Flera landsting arbetar nu aktivt för att förmå patienterna att göra rökuppehåll i samband med kirurgi. I Sverige röker cirka 10-12 procent av den vuxna befolkningen. Andelen rökare har minskat de senaste åren, men varierar fortfarande beroende på socioekonomisk bakgrund och utbildningsnivå.

This paper studies the option market?s implied dividend as a predictor of future equity market returns. We introduce this variable in the simple total return framework and discuss some complications of using it as a proxy for the expected dividend. We construct some regressions using the price-dividend ratio and the implied dividend growth, and test them on six years worth of data on the EURO STOXX 50-index. The main result is that implied dividend growth exhibits some forecastability over two-year horizons, but that the dataset is too short to draw any definitive conclusions about long-horizon forecastability.

The purpose of this literature review was to demonstrate the results of recent studies of the nurses ability to interpret younger childrens (0-6 years of age) experiences of pain in the postoperative stage. There is a lack of knowledge concerning young childrens ability to express themselves verbally and the nurse has to rely upon the parents knowledge about the child. Consequently, the teamwork between the nurse and the parents is of great importance in the care of the younger child. Therefore we intend to illuminate this aspect in this paper. This study aims to nurses of all categories, since patients with lack of verbal communication are frequently occurring.

Toothbrushing is the best available method in remaining or restore dental health in dogs. This report treats different aspects about toothbrushing and other dental home care treatments in dogs. Questions like why the dog?s teeth should be brushed, what effects toothbrushing have on dental health and how the teeth can be brushed are treated. Furthermore complements to toothbrushing are treated, the options and their effects.