Postoperativ shivering (PAS) definieras som en serie ofrivilliga muskelrörelser som ökar den metabola värmeproduktionen i kroppen. Förekomsten av postoperativ shivering är ett problem inom den perioperativa vården. Det finns flera orsaker till shivering. Termoregulativa och icke termoregulativa. PAS förekommer i ca 5-65% av alla anestesier, men frekvensen har under åren minskat.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the post-operative care during the three first days for patients who have undergone colorectal surgery according to ERAS care programs with a focus on the variables nutrition, elimination, activity, type of analgesia and the number of hospital days documented in the patient record and patient log books. ERAS means "Early Recovery After Surgery" and the purpose of the health care program is to accelerate recovery after colorectal surgery. The study had a descriptive design and a quantitative approach, in which 51 patient records were included. Log books and patient records were reviewed postoperatively. According to the log books estimated most of the patients, who had documented, that they ate and drank very good or good.

Linux is a growing operating system in embedded systems. Today, Linux is not only in heavy servers but also in cell phones, PDAs, cameras and other devices running on battery power. While current technology is more energy efficient, more and more technologies are implemented into a single unit resulting in an overall increase of power consumption.Low power consumption is an increasingly important feature of a system today. Lower power consumption means lower costs, less environmental impact, and longer life for applications that runs on batteries.This work compiles methods to reduce power consumption of Linux systems. The work includes examining whether the available opportunities are platform-specific or of a more general nature.

Smärta i samband med intrakraniell kirurgi liknar smärta i samband med all annan form av kirurgi. Syftet var att granska hur barn med hjärntumör smärtbedömts och smärtbehandlats postoperativt efter tumörkirurgi.Metod: Totalt har journaler för 40 barn (20 barn på Akademiska barnsjukhuset i Uppsala och 20 barn på Astrid Lindgrens barnsjukhus vid Karolinska sjukhuset, Stockholm) som opererats för tumörer i hjärnan granskats, avseende smärtbedömning, användandet av smärtskalor, farmakologiska och ickefarmakologisk smärtbehandling de tre första postoperativa dygnen.Resultat: Studien visade att smärtskattning med smärtskalor användes på 12 av 40 barn. Den vanligaste formen av smärtbedömning som återfanns dokumenterad var en bedömning av sjuksköterskan. På Akademiska sjukhuset återfanns ingen dokumenterad smärtbedömning i 60 % av de granskade dygnen, på Astrid Lindgrens barnsjukhus var motsvarande siffra 20 %. De vanligaste läkemedlen som används på båda sjukhusen var paracetamol och opioider, framförallt morfin.

An increase interest of new methods and tools has begun to grow in the real estate business, this new trend causes an increase in new programs that aim to simplify processes of energy-efficiency and environmental issues.After consulting with Björn Alsmark from Bjerking AB, an architect and engineering company, we made a decision that the Degree Project is going to examine the program IES (Integrated Environmental Solutions) with some integrations from Revit Architecture application.To be able to examine IES, we got access to a completed project from Bjerking. The project is a nursery school in Uppsala. An application has been handed in from Bjerking to make this project to a Green Building-certificated project. According to Bjerking own calculations (with the energy-calculation program Enorm), the consumption of energy of the nursery school is 48 percent lesser than required by BBR.An evaluation of IES and Enorm has been made with an aim to compare these two programs and find out if IES is an appropriate program to replace Enorm. Does Enorm or IES come up to BBR´s recommendations?The Degree Project cover 15 ECT, that required several adjusting and delimitations, and the study sketch ended with a literature study.After finishing the study sketch the modeling of the nursery school began.

The main objective of this research was to study how increased arterial oxygenation by the use of Pulsed Inhaled Nitric-Oxide (PiNO) influenced the metabolic and cardiovascular parameters on horses undergoing acute abdominal surgery because of colic. The parameters blood lactate, blood glucose, pH and heart rate were evaluated before and during anesthesia and closely after recovery. The study showed that blood lactate concentrations decreased significantly during anaesthesia in horses treated with PiNO compared to non-treated horses. It was also seen that the lactate concentration decreased most in horses with the highest levels before PiNO treatment. Since enhanced oxygen extraction ratio was evident in the PiNO group, improved oxygen delivery to the tissue may be a possible explanation for the improved situation.

Bakgrund: En stor del av vårdskadorna som uppstår i vården beror på brister i kommunikation. Rapportering är en del av det dagliga arbetet som sjuksköterska, där målet är att föra vidare information om en patientens tillstånd för att säkerställa den fortsatta vården och patientsäkerheten.Syfte: att beskriva hur anestesisjuksköterskan och vårdavdelningens sjuksköterska ser på rapportering vid överföring av patient från UVA till vårdavdelning.Metod: Kvalitativ studie. Studien har analyserats med hjälp av innehållsanalys där ett tema, två kategorier och nio subkategorier har framkommit. Fokusgruppsintervjuer med sammanlagt tio sjuksköterskor från vårdavdelningar med erfarenhet av att hämta patienter på UVA samt åtta sjuksköterskor från anestesin.Resultat: För att en rapport skall bli bra krävs att rapporten följer en viss procedur och struktur. Det är viktigt att rapporten följer en röd tråd och att informationen inte blir överflödig.

ABSTRACTBackground: The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Early intervention in form of medication, advice on self-management and lifestyle changes is necessary to avoid complications. Few Swedish studies are made on the diabetes nurse?s views on promotion of self- management.Purpose: To examine the diabetes specialist nurse?s experience of promoting self-management to patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care.  Method: A qualitative explorative study where eight diabetes nurses were interviewed. The interview guide consisted of semistructed questions concerning the promotion of self-management.Results: The diabetes nurse?s role in promoting patient self-management is significant, if resources are available in the form of adequate time for the patient and good team work.

Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva hur litteraturen skildrar sjuksköterskans roll i vården av den äldre patienten i den pre- och postoperativa fasen, med fokus på nutritionens betydelse för rehabiliteringen och risken för komplikationer. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt och artiklarna söktes via CINAHL och MEDLINE.  Studiens resultat innehöll ett urval på 14 artiklar med kvantitativ ansats. Resultat: Undervisning och handledning med fokus på nutritionens betydelse för rehabiliteringen och risken för komplikationer var av vikt, även bedömningsinstrument underlättade sjuksköterskans nutritionsbedömning.  I omvårdnaden var energi- och näringstillskott, individuellt anpassade vårdplaner och måltidssituationer viktiga komponenter. Förebyggande åtgärder inom både omvårdnad och medicin hade en korrelation mellan förbättrad nutrition, rehabilitering och minskade risken för komplikationer hos äldre patienter i den pre- och postoperativa vården.

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of MotVikt´s obesity-treatment program on eight severely obese subjects, concerning Body Mass Index, Waist-Circumference and Weight after three and a half months and Sense of Coherence, Body Image and Self-experienced Health after three months. The question in focus was: Did MotVikt´s obesity-treatment program have any effects concerning the factors mentioned above?MetodInformation was collected with questionnaires that were filled out by the eight subjects, three men and five women, who participated in MotVikt´s last round of treatment. Data concerning waist-circumference, weight and BMI were provided by MotVikt. The questionnaires that were used to get information about Sense of Coherence, Body Image and Self-Experienced health were SOC-29, BSQ and IQOLA SF-36.ResultatThe average BMI in the group has decreased with 2,9 kg/m2, from 39,7 till 36,8.

Bakgrund: Sambandet mellan hjärtkirurgi med extracorporeal cirkulation (ECC) och blodtransfusion visar risker så som ökad morbiditet och mortalitet. Detta kan orsaka lidande för patienten och leda till kostnader för samhället. Att hantera och administrera blodprodukter är en omvårdnadshandling som sjuksköterskan ansvarar för och detta ställer därför krav på dennes kompetens. Syftet: Syftet med denna studie var att studera intensivvårdssjuksköterskors kunskap om att ge blodtransfusion till patienter som genomgått hjärtkirurgi med ECC och om de ansåg sig ha kunskap om hur blodprodukter ska handhas och administreras på ett patientsäkert sätt, samt vilket behov av kompetensutveckling de ansåg sig ha. Metod: Studien som utfördes hade en kvantitativ design med deskriptiv ansats. Ett icke-slumpmässigt urval gjordes på en Thoraxintensivvårdsavdelningen vid ett universitetssjukhus i Mellansverige och 30 intensivvårdssjuksköterskor inkluderades. Resultat: Intensivvårdsjuksköterskorna hade en mycket låg till låg kunskap om de postoperativa komplikationer vid hjärtkirurgi med ECC som kan ha ett samband med blodtransfusion. Inget statistiskt signifikant samband kunde fastställas mellan intensivvårdsjuksköterskornas upplevda kunskap och faktiska kunskap om dessa postoperativa komplikationer.

The field of veterinary nursing should be based upon research and proven experience. Few studies have been performed within the area of distal limb bandages. Therefore the aim of this study was to examine and describe how to place a distal fore limb bandage based on proven experience. Data material was collected through four interviews with professional veterinary nurses, and then analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. In the analysis data material was transcribed and then divided into meaningful units that responded to the aim. The meaningful units were then condensed.

In this study, cortisol in saliva and pain related behaviours in calves were used as markers of distress when comparing two different dehorning methods; scoop or cautery. We also investigated the effect of a non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), meloxikam, on postoperative distress after dehorning with either dehorning scoop or cautery iron. Twenty calves were dehorned on one randomly chosen side by scoop method and on the other side by cautery. Five months later, the effect on horn growth was investigated. Horn production was observed in seven of the calves.

Inclusion body disease (IBD) affecting boas and pythons is a serious and common disease. Boas can be clinically healthy carriers, which makes control of the disease difficult. The causative agent has not yet been confidently identified, and therefore there are no serodiagnostic tests available. Today, histopathologic examination of tissue biopsies is the recommended antemortem diagnostic method, but there are several disadvantages. The objective of this study was to compare the sensitivity of two diagnostic methods ? liver biopsies and blood smears, and to evaluate ultrasoundguided needle biopsy of the liver.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Postoperative wound infection is the third most common nosocomial infection in Sweden. The ever-growing problem of antibiotic resistance provides surgical departments a big challenge when it comes to preventing the spread of infection. Operating theatre nurses have a vital role in the prevention of infection. In addition, correct ventilation in the operating theatre is of great importance. The caregiver is responsible for quality assurance of ventilation in the operating theatre, but the work can be delegated to other staff within the department.