Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka effekterna av ett längre uppehåll från tobaks- och nikotinbruk på maximal aerob effekt och energiomsättning under submaximalt arbete hos regelbundet snusande personer. Metod23 snusare (18 män, 5 kvinnor) undersöktes före och efter >6 veckors uppehåll från snus (SSP). Försökspersonerna genomförde ett stegrande submaximalt arbete på cykelergometer, ett maximalt löptest och ett uthållighetsarbete bestående av 60 minuter cykling på 50 % av VO2max. Syreupptag (VO2), ventilation (VE), subjektivt skattad ansträngning på Borgs RPE-skala (RPE), hjärtfrekvens (HF) och blodtryck (BT) mättes. Blodprov togs för analys av kotinin, laktat [HLa], blodglukos och fria fettsyror (FFA) i vila och under arbete. ResultatSubmaximalt VO2 och energiomsättning påverkades inte av >6 veckors uppehåll från snus. VE, respiratorisk kvot (RQ), blodglukos och RPE var oförändrade under det stegrande submaximala arbetet.

Ett konstant problem med e-post är mängden skräppost som skickas dagligen och bidrar till en osäkerhet bland hemanvändare samt medför stora kostnader för företag. Att kunna skydda sig och filtrera bort skräppost är av stor vikt. Vad är egentligen skräppost?Programvaror mot skräppost använder flera metoder för att lösa problemet.Arbetet behandlar en av dessa metoder och hur effektivt den används i olika programvaror. Den metod som arbetet fokuserar på är bayesisk filtrering och programvarornas förmåga att utnyttja den.

To complete an overweight treatment program is associated with better weight loss. Previous studies have in principle focused on drop-out from the entire program, not individual parts of a program. Factors previously shown to influence the patients´ weight loss results are: frequency of individual meetings with a professional, the lack of social support from family or friends, the lack of motivation and in a few studies vacations. In several studies the drop-out patients have stated that their reasons for drop-out were dissatisfaction with the staff and the program design. Drop-out has also been shown to be connected with difficulties in adherence to the diet.

Dental implants that are integrated into the jaw bones are widely used to replace lost teeth in human beings. Tooth-loss is often related to loss of the surrounding alveolar bone. This can make implant placement difficult and a bone substituting material may be required. The standard method is to use a bone graft harvested from the patient which requires additional surgery than that needed for implant placement. Limitations in the amount of bone that can be harvested also pose a problem.

Mobiloperatörer har under en längre tid haft en stark fokusering på konsumentmarknaden och i flera avseenden försummat företagsmarknaden för mobila tjänster. Detta har till viss del förändrats under de senaste åren i takt med utvecklingen av mobil e-post som primärt riktas mot företag och organisationer. Vi har uppmärksammat denna förändring och därmed intresserat oss för organisationers användning av mobila tjänster. En marknad som vi tror kommer att expandera än mer under de kommande åren. Syftet med vår uppsats är att empiriskt undersöka vad som påverkar anställdas användning av mobila tjänster.

The lions at Kolmårdens zoo are vaccinated against Feline Panleukopenivirus (FPV). In 1994 there was an outbreak among the lions at the zoo of FPV disease. A retrospective study has been made to measure the antibodytiters in vaccinated lions and lions that lived during the outbreak. An ImmunoPeroxidase Monolayer Assay (IPMA) was used to analyze the titers in the sera from the lions. Lions were divided into five groups. Group 1, 2 and 3 contained lions vaccinated one, two and three times respectively (a total of 40 animals). The lions of Group 4 were born in 2004 (six lioncubs) and were vaccinated according to different regimes and the changes in antibodytiters were followed as respose to vaccination during the spring 2005.

National and international studies, such as PISA and TIMSS, which are part of the national evaluation system, are carried out continuosly. Skolverket, in collaboration with researchers, are responsible for the implementation, evaluation, and analysis of the studies. National results show an increasing percentage of pupils who do not reach the goals in mathematics. The last completed international studies PISA 2009 and TIMSS 2007 show an impaired trend of knowledge, in international comparison. Moreover, studies also show that the differences between schools and also within the same school in Sweden have increased.

The aim of the thesis is twofold: the first aim is to identify a number of reproductive logics that are used to construct Swedish regulation of embryo donation for reproductive use as either ethical or unethical in the governmental ? and medical discussions ? and to examine how these logics are interconnected with notions of gender and parenthood. The second aim is to identify a number of tensions that arise in the application of the governmental ethical logic on the embryo and embryo donation and discuss how these tensions can be solved with a feminist material approach. I argue that the terminology used to distinguish between genetic, biological, social and legal parenthood in my material is insufficient for understanding the value of the embryo outside its pre-human status. I therefore argue for an embryonic feminist bioethics that is attentive to the embryos post-human status, and for a reformulation of the parenthood terminology in line with what I call ?reproductive ties?..

The local council of Eskilstuna has a lot of fans on their Facebook page, but not so many people that ask questions, likes, comments or share their posts. This is a bachelor-thesis on how to inspire dialogue and encourage the fans to be a part of Eskilstunas Facebook page.I have made guidelines for the council how to use Facebook as a way to reach out to those who live in Eskilstuna, based on results from literature studies, analysis of several other Facebook pages and interviews. I've also made examples of statuses for the Facebook page for one week, in May 2012.The result shows that the fans want's to read about their local environment. It is important to have a personal appeal. Post should be no longer than 400 character, if they are, the posts will be truncated, and hidden.

In this essay I have described ecocriticism as a theory with several different subfields that are inspired by a cross-disciplinary approach, such as green culture studies, ecofeminism, and postcolonial ecocriticism. After a short summary of the background of ecocritical studies I analyze the various subfields, take a closer look at their contents and present various examples of ecocritical thinking. A presentation of the commonly used concepts within the discipline and some reflections on these is followed by my final discussion, where I state that even though ecocriticism is a relatively new theory and the concept doesn?t have a clear definition as yet, it is in my view a useful tool for analysis and can with time make valuable contributions to literary studies, not least by introducing a number of new perspectives..

This paper studies three Swedish textbooks for the A-course in religious studies, in the Swedish equivalency of high school, to see if the image of Islam and Muslims presented is diverse or homogeneous and exotic. The purpose of the study is to see whether or not the religious studies can contribute to the forming of islamophobic beliefs in pupils. Studies have shown that islamophobia is widespread in Sweden, therefore it could be interesting to see if the schools play any part in the forming or spreading of islamophobic views. The conclusion reached is that this cannot be excluded as a possibility. There are still some textbooks that present Muslims in a homogeneous and exotic manner to some degree.

The aim of the project was to study the effect of oral administration of glucose and leucin on the resynthesis of muscle glycogen after intense exercise in Standardbred trotters. In a crossover design, 11 Standardbred trotters performed a standardized exercise test on two occasions in order to deplete muscle glycogen. The exercise test comprised a warm up period, 7 repeated bouts of exercise on an uphill 500 m slope, and a recovery period. After the exercise test horses received: 1) a solution of glucose and leucine via a nasogastric tube at 0 minutes and at 240 minutes post exercise and a single bout of glucose at 120 minutes post exercise or 2) water (placebo) at 0, 120 and 240 minutes. Blood samples for measurement of glucose and insulin concentrations were collected at rest, when the horses returned to the stables directly after exercise and throughout the 6 hour recovery phase. During the first recovery hour, samples were collected every 15 minutes and then every 30 minutes over the next 5 hours.

The purpose of this essay is to analyze the media coverage of the case with Martin Schibbye and Johan Persson in the four biggest newspapers in Sweden in order to see how social constructions is created through the use of language. It is also of interest to see how nationality is represented in the material. The theory is based on Edward Said?s theory of post colonialism and the prejudices that has developed from the western way of viewing ?The orient?. It is also based on Richard Dyers theory on whiteness and binary oppositions, which shows how ?whiteness? is viewed as the norm and is also never questioned.The method is critical linguistics and based on Norman Fairclough and Michael Halliday.

To complete an overweight treatment program is associated with better weight loss. Previous studies have in principle focused on drop-out from the entire program, not individual parts of a program. Factors previously shown to influence the patients´ weight loss results are: frequency of individual meetings with a professional, the lack of social support from family or friends, the lack of motivation and in a few studies vacations. In several studies the drop-out patients have stated that their reasons for drop-out were dissatisfaction with the staff and the program design. Drop-out has also been shown to be connected with difficulties in adherence to the diet.

This paper?s main goal is to study how religious studies teachers and religious studies teacherstudents reason concerning armed religious conflicts, with fundamentalism and terrorism ascentral concepts. The study does this with the use of semi-structured interviews. The resultsare analyzed with a phenomenographic analysis with the interviewees? understanding of thecentral concepts being the target of the interviews.