The purpose of this study was to compare naturally regenerated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris (L.)) against seeded Scots pine in terms of benefits and differences. An inventory was performed at a number of different sites, 4 ? 6 years after soil scarification and data on the number of new established plants, their height growth as well as ground-line diameter was collected. Information about site conditions such as altitude, quarter exposure and frost risk was also collected. A review of previous studies was conducted in addition to the field study.

The aim of this work is to demonstrate how the net present value (NPV) at the time of the first thinning depends on the spacing after pre-commercial thinning, and show how net value from first thinning in same stand is influenced. This study is performed with models based on non-distant dependent growth models for single trees. Two different growth models have been used, one for cleaning (pre-commercial thinning) and one for thinning. The first one yields stem density distributed over diameter classes. In the second one, (the thinning model), it is possible to choose when thinning should be done, the thinning method, thinning grade and numbers of thinning.

Tree fiber lengths controls properties like strength and smoothness in paper and other wood products. For forest researchers it is of interest to be able to determine the fiber lengths in standing trees. Mo?rling et al. (2003), among others, have developed methods to estimate fiber length distributions in standing trees without damaging them.

In time with HolmenSkog district Egenskog Norrköping´s decreasing mountain of cleaning, the office started to look around for new alternative cleaning strategies to lower the costs connected with cleaning. One option was to make the inventory strategy more effective and after a phonecall with the head of the district, Jonnie Friberg, the planning started to try inventory in pictures taken from a helicopter. The pictures was at last taken from a digtal camera and the vegetationheight was mesured with a laser. The gear was supplied from Kallax Flyg AB, Luleå. In the trial 15 stands was selected depended on age and different mixtures between pine (Pinus sylvestris), spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescense and Betula pendula).

Grot-uttag vid gallring kan komma att bli mer utbrett i och med stigande priser på skogsbränsle. Det har dock befarats att grot-uttag vid gallring skulle kunna innebära stora tillväxtförluster eftersom skog i gallringsfas har stort näringsbehov. Tillväxtreduktion av grot- uttag vid gallring har emellertid varit svårt att påvisa i tallbestånd. Målet med detta arbete var att genom analys av data från ett fältförsök undersöka hur helträdsutnyttjande vid gallring av tallbestånd påverkar tillväxten i det kvarvarande beståndet jämfört med gallring av enbart stammar. Försöket ligger i Granö i Vindelns kommun och anlades 1982. Följande två hypoteser testades: Tillväxten är lägre under andra tioårsperioden efter helträdsgallring än efter gallring av enbart stamved, och tillväxtminskningen förstärks av en andra gallring med grot-uttag. Parceller behandlade med grot-uttag uppvisade en statistiskt icke-signifikant tillväxtförlust på ca 6 %. Den statistiska analysens måttliga styrka, försökslokalens höga bonitet och tallbestånds låga grot-mängd och oberoende av kväveupptag från förnan föreslogs som anledningar till att behandlingseffekten av grot-uttag inte kunde säkerställas statistiskt..

It has been shown that moose can affect plant community composition and structure. Selective browsing with other damages of large herbivores on tree species with different tolerance to disturbance could reshape the tree layer in both managed and natural forests. Rowan Sorbus aucuparia is widely distributed throughout Sweden and Europe. Research has shown that browsing by moose may prevent rowan from reaching browsing safe heights. The goal has been formulated that, where rowan is indigenous, it should have a good competition status and be able to reach tree level.

This study was performed in an afforestation experiment established 1982 on an abandoned peat harvesting area, Flakmossen, in the province of Värmland, SW Sweden. The experimen-tal design include planting with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), in combination with various drainage intensities (20, 30, and 40 m between ditches), and fertilizer doses 0, 100, and 200 g PK per seedling applied at the date of planting. The aim of this study was to achieve more knowledge about the conditions on afforestation of peat harvesting areas, especially regarding drainage intensity and fertilization requirements, by means of determining the stand growth and yield in the Flakmossen trial. The forest growth did not differ significantly between the drainage intensities tested when the same amount of phosphor and potassium fertilizer was added. Thus, shorter distances between ditches than 40 m can not be recommended. When no fertilization was carried out seedling survival was very low, and the growth of sur-vived seedlings was poor. The largest diameter and height growth were observed in the areas where the highest dose of phosphorus and potassium (200g/seedling) was given.

Inventories of epiphytic lichens on Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were conducted at three sites in east central Sweden: along the newly build motorway (Road E4), along the old road (Road 600) and in a reference site, to compare the effects of traffic pollution on lichen diversities. At each site, species richness, lichen mean sensitivity value (MK), air quality index of the forest stand/sample plot (LKI) and nitrogen impact value (N) were calculated and it was tested if there was any difference between the sites. Twenty-four species were observed in total, and Parmeliopsis ambigua and Hypogymnia physodes were the most common species at all sites. At Road E4, fewer lichen species were observed than at the other sites and this might be due to the impact of air pollution. The species richness at Road 600 was similar to that of the reference site, which might be explained by the improved air quality.

Saproxylic lichens in managed forests have less substrate available than in unmanaged forests due to the shortage of dead wood. However, a suitable substrate for these lichens could be dead branches on living trees. To this date, there has not been any systematically collected data about theabundance of dead branches on living trees and the lichens growing on these branches in managed forests. The aim of this study was to see where dead branches were located on living trees of Pinus sylvestris and Picea abies, how large the surface area of these branches was and what lichens grewof wood on these branches. The study was made in Finspång, Sweden, where 11 forest stands of P.sylvestris and P.

This survey was made during the summer of 2004 and the spring of 2005, on commission from the National Board of Forestry. The aim of this report was to investigate how often Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst), is planted on poor Scotch pine (Pinus Silvestries) sites and if it affects the yield of Norway spruce? In order to investigate this, data from 29 stands witch had a lower site index than T24 was collected. The investigated stands were situated in the southern-eastern Sweden. In 20 plots in each stand, the highest tree, age, number of seedlings, site index and tree species per stand were measured.

The current state of knowledge indicates that there is more than one factor that initiates heartwood transition. This study supports its hypothesis on the theory that heartwood is formed by a fixed fraction of the annual growthring, 0,5 to 0,8 rings. To calculate heartwood volume modelings were carried out in four different pine stands with different spacings, 0,75, 1,25, 1,5 and three meters. The model indicates heartwood diameter (HWD) and is based on four explanatory variables, height (H), crown ratio (CR%), diameter breast height (DBH) and tree height (TH). The shifting plant spacing results in varying growth rate in the juvenile stage.

The depth-to-water-index (DTW-index) is derived from digital elevation models (DEM) to map soil wetness, in terms of distance from soil surface to the ground water table. The aim of this GIS based study was to investigate the existence of a relationship between DTW-index and forest site productivity (SP). The belief of such an assumed relationship was based on knowledge that the ground water level is related to site properties that can either promote or impede tree growth. Data primarily comprised rasters of the Krycklan catchment in northern Sweden and depicted DTW-index and a laser scanned vegetation height. The 100th height percentile of each pixel in the vegetation raster was assumed to mirror the top-height, letting it act as a relative measure of SP within a delineated area of equal stand age.

Fire is an important ecological factor, but its consumption of coarse woody debris, CWD, has hardly received any attention. In this study, I investigate the consumption in relation to the time of initial flame exposure and propensity for continued combustion of standing CWD of pine (Pinus sylvestris). Two types of CWD were studied. Firstly, wood that had been dead for one to ten years. Secondly, wood that had been dead for several decades. In the burning experiments, logs of approx.

Törskatesvamp förekommer i två former, en värdväxlande (Cronartium flaccidum) och en icke värdväxlande (Peridermium pini). Genetiska analyser har visat att ingen övergripande genetisk differentiering finns mellan de två formerna och att de därför tillhör samma art. Svamparna tillhör rostsvamparna och angriper i Sverige tall (Pinus sylvestris). Tidigare ansågs de vanligaste alternativa värdarna för C. flaccidum tillhöra släktena Paeonia, Vincetoxicum och Pedicularis vilket ledde till att den värdväxlande formen betraktades vara begränsad till de alternativa värdarnas utbredning, koncentrerad till södra Sverige.

Träds sociala status inverkan på grundytetillväxtökningen undersöktes genom jämförelse av grundytetillväxten efter gallring med motsvarande stammars grundytetillväxt i en ogallrad kontrollyta. Datat kommer från fyra olika provytelokaler ur de svenska gödslings-/gallringsförsöken, där behandlingarna bestod av ett gallringsprogram med en kraftig gallring, ett med tre klenare gallringar samt en ogallrad kontrollyta. Datat täckte en utvecklingsperiod på ungefär 40 år. Stammarna delades vid första mättillfället in i fem klasser utifrån diametermedelstammen och dess tillhörande standardavvikelse på respektive yta, därefter utfördes undersökningarna på de stammar som fanns kvar efter sista mättillfället. Vid den sista mätningen fanns enbart de tre största klasserna kvar i tillräcklig utsträckning i alla behandlingar och resultatet omfattar därför bara dessa klasser.