If one looks at physical planning in Sweden today one can see that while talking about densification of existing development, reduced emissions and careful use of important land, urban sprawl is a fact with development of sheer residential districts in the urban edges and shopping malls in each and every municipality. As sustainable development is an essential goal for physical planning to strive towards, it is worth questioning if the direction of today?s planning will lead to the goal. A sustainable development can be seen as an obvious to goal aim at. In reality the aim means a hard and complex work.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Effects of isoflavone supplementation from soybeans on LDL-cholesterol levels in adultAuthors: Malin Blomgren Alegria and Ruut ReivaaraSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2013-04-08Background: One of the most common causes of death in Sweden is due to cardiovascular diseases such as heart attack and stroke. Hypercholesterolemia is one of the risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In Asia, hypercholesterolemia is less common than in the Western countries. In Asian countries, soy products are consumed in larger quantities than in the Western world, which has led to implemented research with the intention of examining soy's potential effect on cholesterol levels.Objective: To investigate whether there is scientific evidence that isoflavone supplementation from soy bean may have a lowering effect on LDL-cholesterol.Search strategy: The databases used for the systematic literature search were PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane. Keywords used were cholesterol and 9 versions of this, and isoflavones and 11 versions of that.Selection criteria: RCT articles, on humans, written in English, published from 2011 onwards, that focused on interventions with isoflavones from soybeans and its effect on blood cholesterol, the participants were over 18 years old and the study time was at least 24 weeks.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Whole fat versus low-fat dairy products for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. A systematic review.Author: Josefine Lindqvist, Robin Järnmark, Mathilde OhlinSupervisor: Mette AxelsenExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2014-04-09BackgroundResearch indicates that dairy products seems to have a protective impact on the incidence of cardiovascular disease regardless fat content. Paradoxically the Nordic nutrition recommendations recommend an exchange of full fat dairy product to low-fat dairy products.ObjectiveThe aim of this review is to investigate whether the variation in fat content of dairy products have any bearing on the onset of cardiovascular disease. With regard to common risk markers for cardiovascular disease the outcome measures hypertension, hyperlipidemia and weight gain is examined.Search strategyThe searches were made in the databases Medline (23/1-14) and Scopus (6/2-14).Selection criteriaRestrictions: Human Studies, Adults, Randomized Controlled Trials, English.Data collection and analysisTwo RCTs were included. Validation of the separate studies was performed with SBU's review template for individual studies and GRADE was used for summarizing the evidence of outcome measuresMain resultsThe two included studies examined the outcome measures blood pressure, weight and blood lipids.

The thesis aims to examine the occurrence of Earnings Management (EM) preceding Seasoned Equity Offerings (SEOs) on the Swedish capital market. EM refers to activities and adjustments carried out by managers. The underlying purpose of these actions is to adjust net income. The procedure is typically done by borrowing income from future periods. Evidence of EM around SEOs has been documented on capital markets around the world, and the effects on firms' post-offering performance are severe.

Today, "the digital library" is the common way of describing a managed collection of information, with associated services, stored in digital formats and accessible over a network. Digital libraries have mainly been developed at research libraries, but during the last few years public libraries have started to offer similar services.The aim of this Master's thesis is to study how the Swedish public libraries plan to develop their digital libraries according to their mission statements, and in what way they have implemented them at their web sites. 21 public libraries, the largest in each Swedish county, were investigated.The library mission statements are investigated to find out in what terms the digital libraries are described and to what extent. The library websites are examined with respect to what kind of digital services are offered, to what extent they supplement or replace the physical library, and if there are new digital services not found in the physical library.In most mission statements the digital library is referred to in sweeping terms like "IT activities" and "new media". However, a few of the libraries clearly regard the digital library as an important part of the future operations, speaking of it in well defined and extensive terms.The public library websites are relatively homogeneous when it comes to services supplementing physical library activities, like web access to the library catalogue and links to other library catalogues.

This paper studies patterns of consumption within a product category. Using make-up as a base for the study, we applied the Mokken Scale to examine if consumers follow a hierarchical pattern when buying items within the product category. Based on a survey of 250 female respondents, we establish a hierarchic scale for consumption. Assuming generally accepted attributes for determining physical attractiveness, the results of the Mokken Scale study were cross referenced with a survey among 200 male and female respondents. Students were asked to evaluate pictures of a model using different combinations of make-up, i.e.

Allt högre krav ställs på en vetenskapligt grundad praktik inom det sociala arbetet, en så kallad evidensbaserad praktik. Studiens syfte är att undersöka evidensbasering i det sociala arbetets praktik. Detta uppnås genom en undersökning av arbetsmetoder och synen på evidensbaserat arbete hos fältassistenter verksamma i Rinkeby-Kista stadsdelsförvaltning. Studien genomförs med hjälp av intervjuer vilka analyseras tillsammans med olika dokument och ställs mot det teoretiska ramverket. Dokumenten utgörs av en populärvetenskaplig artikel och två arbetsplatsannonser samt skriftlig information från fältassistenterna.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal medicine and Clinical nutritionAbstractTitel: Can omega-3 prevent the emergence of allergy?? A systematic reviewAuthor: Karin Andersson and Cecilia BjörertzSupervisor: Henriette PhilipsonExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 hpType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2012-05-23Background Today allergy is a major public health issue and one of our most common chronic diseases. It would be most profitable if there was a way to prevent the emergence of allergies, both regarding the community and the individual. The antiinflammatory property of omega-3 influences the immune system and is thought to have a preventive effect on allergic symptoms. To investigate whether the mothers intake of omega-3 during pregnancy and lactation affects the child?s future development of allergy is therefore of high interest.Objective To examine if omega-3 supplement given to mothers during pregnancy, or pregnancy and lactation, is shown to be beneficial in children with heredity to develop allergy.Search strategy Articles were collected from the data bases PubMed, Cochrane and Scopus.

In today?s society, people often find themselves in situations where they need to be identified;for example when we buy alcohol, need to use an ATM or log on to our e-mail account. The most common methods today that are used for these kinds of matters are antiquated, and inthe meantime, criminals all over the world get more sophisticated. Companies invest billions every day in order to protect their interests. Maybe it?s time that we finally give biometrics theattention that it deserves.This essay aims to describe the biometric methods that are available today, find some of the most effective when it comes to physical access and make a comparison.

Background: Insufficient physical activity is a public health problem. The Swedish recommendation is to be physically active for a minimum of 30 minutes every day, which is fulfilled by about half the adult population. Recent research has shown that sedentary behavior is an independent risk factor. Physical activity on prescription (FaR®) is an individually adapted and written prescription, a method to encourage physical activity. The National Board of Health and Welfare has observed that counseling combined with a written prescription convey better adherence than just counseling.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment Of Internal Medicine And Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: The effect of CLA on body weight and body fat amongst overweight and obese.Author: Sierra De Goldsmith and Amanda EgebergSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgram: Dietician study program 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 12, 2012Background: Overweight and obesity represents a global problem as it is accompanied by an accumulation of body fat which increases the risk of developing diseases such as diabetes type 2, insulin resistance, cardio vascular diseases and certain types of cancer. Moreover, the prevalence is increasing worldwide. Many consider it difficult to reach a normal weight using only methods such as changing dietary- and exercise habits, this creating a market for products that facilitate weight loss and loss of body fat. The supplement of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is such a product. In animal studies, CLA has demonstrated a reduction in both body fat and weight.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Health Locus of Control, Exercise habits, Food habits and Self-esteem (Personal self and Physical self) between two groups of student teachers at a university in the south of Sweden. Is health such as exercise, eating and self-esteem something that is controlled by internal or external factors? Student teachers that participated in Physical and Health programme and student teachers that participeted in other programme were investigeted. The participants (N = 160) answered the questionnaire. The Health Locus of Control scale and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale were used.

AbstractThe Swedish society has always been monolingual, but has for the past decades transformed into a multicultural and multilingual society. The aim of this study is to investigate if and in that case how preschool teachers work with language development in bilingual and multicultural preschools. The concept of linguistic and cultural diversity includes several different components, not least the social interactions that are of great importance to every individual's development, learning and participation in the world. By understanding the importance of language, language development and the role of mother tongue in second language acquisition, we look into various researches done concerning the effects of the preschool teachers? opinions, methods used to language developmental primarily for children who are multilingual and how the physical environment is shaped to promote language in multicultural and multilingual preschools.The method used in this study is semi-structured interviews with preschool teacher working in multicultural or bilingual preschool settings.

The purpose of the study was based on scientific literature to describe the quality of life of persons who have undergone a total hip replacement. The method was a descriptive literature review. The results showed that pain was the most obvious change after surgery. Mild pain before surgery was strongly associated with mild pain after surgery. But despite less pain were experienced early, it took 1 year to achieve the full benefits of improved physical function.

With the technological development of the last decades, an increasing number of genealogists are carrying out their research online. The purpose of this master?s thesis is to examine how and why genealogists' information behavior has been influenced by the use of online services for genealogy. Using a conceptual model of genealogists' information behavior as theoretical basis for the study, I examine how the use of online services affect genealogists? search process, what information they are looking for and what information resources they use.