This masters thesis concerns the professional knowledge of the librarian. It is a comparative study where two major ma-gazines in library press, Biblioteksbladet and DIK-forum, is compared between the years 1990-2000, in relation to the theories of professionalization and the associations to the union. The study focus on showing the differences and similarities between the two magazines according to how they interact from the subjects education, wages and status. The study is conducted from two questions: - Which are the central differences and similarities in the description of the librarian profession in the two magazines, from the perspectives of wage, status and education? - In what way do the two magazines reflect the theories of professionalization? To give a wider perspective of the librarian profession, there is also a historical chapter with an explanation to the making of the librarian profession..

Genom denna studie ämnade vi besvara hur kapitaltillgångar och habitus påverkar ungdomars resonemang, sett till utbildning och karriär, baserat på bostadsområdestillhörighet. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur uppväxten i segregerade bostadsområden med olika socioekonomisk status påverkar ungdomars handlingsstrategier vad gäller utbildning och karriär. Vår tes var att ungdomars handlingsstrategier skiljer sig baserat på bostadsområdestillhörighet. Vi trodde att ungdomar från bostadsområden med högre socioekonomisk status är mer resursstarka och därigenom enklare kan navigera sig inom utbildningsfältet. Studien utgår från Lidingö och Botkyrka, två boendesegregerade områden i Stockholms län med olika socioekonomisk status, där Lidingö är mer resursstarkt.

Introduktion: Karies är en multifaktoriell sjukdom och en av de mest förekommande infektionssjukdomarna som finns världen över. Den kan förekomma i olika svårighetsgrad och orsaka såväl smärta som en försämrad livskvalitet hos individen. Trots att det har skett en minskning av kariesförekomsten hos befolkningen, framför allt i Sverige, de senaste årtiondena finns det individer som tillhör riskgrupper för att utveckla mycket karies.Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka socioekonomiska faktorers samband med kariesförekomst.Frågeställningar: Vilka samband finns mellan socioekonomiska faktorer och karies bland barn och ungdomar? Vilka samband finns mellan socioekonomiska faktorer och karies bland vuxna och äldre?Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie.Resultat: Tjugoåtta vetenskapliga artiklar ligger till grund för denna litteraturstudie. Utbildningsnivå, såväl hos en vuxen person som hos barn/ungdomars föräldrar, är den vanligast förekommande socioekonomiska faktor som påverkar kariesförekomst.

The aim of this study is to gain an understanding of former criminals' own experience of their entry into criminality and to identify and analyze the factors they use to explain their path into criminality. To study this area, a qualitative method has been applied with five semi-structured interviews of ex-criminals from an organization that works to help and support people who have previously been involved in crime by offering employment, education, and rehabilitation in order to be further integrated into society again. To analyze the respondents' stories about their way into criminality, the theory of social bond by Hirschi has been applied and contribute with insights in later criminal acts as well as the theory has been problematized to some extent. Today, there is a lot of research on different aspects that can explain the way into criminality in different aspects, on the other hand, research has largely been measured with a quantitative approach with statistics and self-reported data. This study therefore intends to apply a qualitative approach, where ex-criminals themselves describe their path into criminality.

Bråk och konflikter är något som förekommer dagligen mellan barn i förskolan. Handlingar som hindrar samspelet innebär för oss att man gör något som får negativa konsekvenser för det sociala samspelet och/eller negativa konsekvenser för någon annan. Det kan bland annat handla om samspelssvårigheter, kränkningar, fysiskt och psykiskt våld. Vårt syfte med studien har varit att undersöka hur barn handlar mot varandra i sociala samspel. Vårt fokus har varit handlingar som hindrar och får negativa konsekvenser för samspelet mellan barn, i vilka situationer dessa handlingar förekommer och om det finns någon koppling mellan utförandet av handlingarna och positionen/statusen barnet har i gruppen.

The aim of this Master's thesis is to investigate the importance of subject expertise for academic librarians in Skåne. Virtually all librarians in Sweden have studied other subjects besides library and information science (LIS) before becoming librarians, and in this thesis we ask what happens to this expertise. How many librarians can be said to have a good background in the subjects they are working with? Do academic librarians use their subject knowledge on the job? Does it make a difference what subject one has studied when it comes to job opportunities? What do librarians themselves think of the importance of subject expertise? We are also interested in finding out how subject expertise fits in with the growing professionalization of librarianship.A quantitative questionnaire was sent to 195 academic librarians at four different institutes of higher education in Skåne. A total of 107 librarians answered questions about their LIS education, subject background and current job as well questions on how important they perceived a subject background to be for themselves and for academic librarians in general.

Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka den hälsorelaterade livskvaliteten hos elever på högstadiet samt hur denna förhåller sig till elevernas socioekonomiska status och upplevelse av kontroll. 154 elever från fyra olika kommunala skolor i Sverige besvarade ett formulär gällande deras hälsa, livskvalitet och känsla av kontroll. Eleverna delades in i olika grupper, hög/låg-SES, beroende på medelinkomsten i deras kommun. Resultatet visar på en signifikant skillnad i elevernas HRQoL. Högre grad av kontroll visades vara förknippat med bättre hälsa.

Gentrifiering är ett begrepp som beskriver den ekonomiska och sociala förändringen som infinner sig när en stadsdel uppgraderas, från att ha en låg status till att få en högre status. En gentrifieringsprocess kan generera positiva effekter till en stadsdel och dess invånare genom att tillväxten och servicen ökar. Men gentrifiering kan också skapa kännbara konsekvenser för de boende som blir undanträngda från sina hem på grund av ökade hyror. Gentrifiering har länge varit ett stort forskningsämne inom discipliner så som etnologi, sociologi, geografi och kulturgeografi.Statsvetenskapen har däremot ägnat gentrifieringen förvånande liten uppmärksamhet.Uppsatsens syfte är därför att inleda en teoriutveckling av gentrifieringsbegreppetutifrån ett statsvetenskapligt maktperspektiv. Genom att kritiskt granska tidigaregentrifieringsforskning från maktperspektivet drar jag slutsatsen att tolkningsföreträde och inflytande är två centrala begrepp som statsvetare bör ta fasta på i en statsvetenskaplig teoriutveckling som fokuserar på gentrifiering..

The state of Israel is known as the only democracy in the Middle East. The purpose of this study was to examine if there is aspects in the Israelis society that can be questioned in terms of liberal democracy.Areas of concerns in the study are the Israeli official policy's concerning inclusion and exclusion of their citizens in areas of property owning, personal status and the duty of military service.The results show that the Israeli society distinguishes their citizens in these areas by their ethnic origin, in favour for the Jewish population. The law prohibits changes in the states Jewish character. One clear example how this is presented is that a Jew is prohibited to marry a non-Jew. The results show also that this official policy by the Israeli state violates important principles of liberal democracy.

Medborgarinflytande i kommunala planeringsprocesser har aktualiserats bland annat på grund av att det finns en önskan att göra dessa processer mer effektiva och demokratiska. Vi undersöker hur socioekonomiska skillnader bland medborgare påverkar deras möjligheter till inflytande i dessa planeringsprocesser. I en fördjupad studie vill vi se hur en kommun, där dessa skillnader finns, skulle kunna hantera kommunikation och medborgarinflytande utifrån denna aspekt. En enkätundersökning har gjorts i Kristianstad stad med avsikten att undersöka personers socioekonomiska status kontra medborgarinflytande. Vi har också använt resultaten för att kunna föra en diskussion kring medborgarinflytande på orterna Åhus och Tollarp i Kristianstad kommun.

The purpose of this bachelor?s thesis is to examine whether there was an elite on Gotland during Roman Iron Age or not. To explain this focus has been put on the roman goods. The contexts in which the roman artifacts are found indicate that they can be tied to what might have been an elite on Gotland during Roman Iron Age. They might also have been used as means of expressing wealth and prestige.

The purpose of this case study is to see how all the involved parties; students, custodians and teachers look upon ?A meeting of learning ? personal development dialogue that is led by children and young people?, on a school south of Stockholm. Our questions at issue were to see what the students had learned from their personal development dialogue, if the custodians had received all the information they expected to get from a personal development dialogue, and last but not least if all the involved parties; students, custodians and teachers, wanted to continue with this model? We used interviews and paper questionnaires to collect answers to our case study and the questions at issue. In both the interviews and paper questionnaires we could see that an overwhelming majority had a positive opinion about students leading and ?owning? their personal development dialogue, especially the students themselves.

The purpose of this bachelor?s thesis is to examine whether there was an elite on Gotland during Roman Iron Age or not. To explain this focus has been put on the roman goods. The contexts in which the roman artifacts are found indicate that they can be tied to what might have been an elite on Gotland during Roman Iron Age. They might also have been used as means of expressing wealth and prestige.

The purpose with this qualitative interview-study was to try, from the carer´s point of view, to describe the meaning and the essence of the good meeting. The participants were selectively chosen and were all women of varying life- and professional experience. They were interviewed with four interrogative forms that dealt with the experiences of the meaning and the essence of the good meeting. The analysis of the contents of the four interviews produced five themes: the meaning and the essence of aware presence in the good meeting, the meaning and the essence of the personal alliance, the carer's need of being seen and getting appreciation, the courage to bring up insulting behaviors while still preserving the relationship, personal qualities of the care. Aware presence was to be a main theme through out the meeting.

The purpose of the study is to contribute to the field of social access in children's free play in the pre-school class, by looking at how children are included and excluded and how power structures arises in the free time. In order to capture the events that occur among the children, observations were chosen as research method.The results show that the children wanted to play with each other, and that the most common way to facilitate play was to ask "Can I join?". There were also other strategies being practiced regularly. It was also common to exclude other children from playing, and this was especially when the children wanted to protect their ongoing game, or that someone was not allowed to join because he or she ruined it for the others.