There is no general aging process therefore should health efforts directed at elderly population based on each individual as a unique person with specific needs. When aging becomes a fact not generally decrease the lust and the desire to be active but it is perhaps more about the body's ability to keep up on what the head wants. Therefore the range of activities towards the elderly population requires some adjustment that can partly be achieved by taking some of the older people?s experiences. The purpose of this study was that by the older people?s experiences of organized activities in a social context to illustrate how they perceive their participation.

Background:Existential and spiritual thoughts are a big part of pallative care. The terms existential and spiritual can be understood in many different ways. It may mean thoughts about faith or thoughts concerning life and death. The nurse in palliative care need to have good communication skills, be responsible and be present and supportive in meeting with the patient.Aim:To describe the nurse's experiences of meeting patients' existential and spiritual thoughts in palliative care.Methods:A literature review based on 10 scientific studies have been done. The studies have been downloaded from the following scientific databases; Academic Search preimer, CINAHL Plus with   Full Text, and PubMed.

This degree project was intendet to construct and design packaging for beauty care. At the requestof AssiDomän Frövi the project group were instructed to innovate creative packagesmade of their cardboard Frövi Bright.Three different packages have been developed. Two of them are for child care products and onepackage is for several bath products. These results show that there are possibilities to create creativeand different packages of the cardboard Frövi Bright.The report also enters deeply into the special qualities of Frövi Bright and studies of packagingdesign..

The aim of this study was to examine nursing personnel?s knowledge about oral health care and attitudes towards the free assessment of the oral status done by the dental service for elderly and handicapped persons in a municipality in the south part of Skåne, and also how personnel experience the free assessment of the oral status done by the dental service and how it functioned at the facilities. The study was carried out by sending out 150 questionnaires to nursing personnel at six special housing facilities. 73% (110 personnel?s) answered the questionnaires.

The family and relatives caring for older people in Sweden lies on an old tradition. The responsibility to care for older family members has gone from family to the society. The aim of this study was to examine the needs of family caregivers and their experience of municipality support. This study includes only the family caregivers who have the main responsibility for the care of relatives and have support from the municipality. The caregivers were not allowed to work more than 50 percent in another job.

Background: When a patient suffer from a disease and is in need of palliative care, it is normal to have existential questions and thoughts. For some patients these questions can be painful and the nurse need to have knowledge about dealing with these kind of questions and thoughts to be able to relieve and/or prevent this kind of suffering.Aim: The aim was to describe how the nurse can prevent the existential suffering among patients with palliative care.Method: A literature-based study was based on eight qualitative studies.Results: The results showed that nurses meet patients in the palliative care environment which may suffer from existential problems when their questions and thoughts don´t get answered. It showed that the most important a nurse can do is to give time to these calls and build up a safe relation to the patient. This allows the nurse to read the patients existential questions and observing possibly suffering. The result is organized in two categories "To see and confirm" and " To listen and give support" and see subcategories " Use body language", " Create reliable relationship", respond to the existential questions", "Give the patient time", " take help from others in hard situations" and "to focus on other things"Conclusion: It is easy to only focus on the physical illness while caring for a patient and believe that it is creating suffering.

Kranskärlsoperationen är för patienten en stor händelse som leder till många frågor och funderingar. Tidigare forskning har visat att patienter som genomgått en ranskärlsoperation har stort behov av information. Vårt syfte med studien var att beskriva informationen vid en kranskärlsoperation. Studien gjordes som en itteraturstudie. Resultatet av studien utföll i tre kategorier, informationsmetoder, vad informationen innehöll samt olika faktorer som påverkade patientinformationen.

Introduktion: Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) är en vårdplan framtagen för palliativ vård vars syfte är att överföra det bästa av hospicevården till den övriga sjukvården. LCP ger vägledning för vårdpersonal i vården av patienter i livets slutskede för att säkerställa god vård för patient och närstående. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan upplever användandet av vårdplanen Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) i livet slutskede. Metod: Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie. Sökningar gjordes i CINAHL och PubMed där elva vetenskapliga artiklar, som svarade på studiens syfte, framkom och granskades i sin helhet.

Bakgrund: Smärta är för intensivvårdspatienten en unik, subjektiv, obehaglig och flerdimensionell upplevelse. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskan har ett moraliskt ansvar att lindra patienternas smärta. Verbalt icke-kommunicerandepatienter kan inte skatta sin smärta med hjälp av Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). På en neurointensivvårdsavdelning (NIVA) i Stockholm har det beteendebaserade smärtskattningsverktyget- the Critical-Care Pain Observation Tool (CPOT), implementerats. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskorna på NIVA använder CPOT dagligen i sitt arbete.

The educational underachievement of children in foster care has been known for a long time. This study aimed to compile and analyze the current knowledge about interventions, intended to improve foster children?s school achievements. The method used was a systematically undertaken narrative review. Despite a comprehensive searching strategy, only ten relevant studies were found, indicating that little has been done to improve the educational outcomes for children in public care.

Inom vården är empati en viktig grund för vårdarbetet. Forskning har visat att om man känner en ökad empati för en person i nöd så ökar tendensen att hjälpa denne. Frågesällningarna var ifall personal blir utmattade i högre grad vid hög empati och om distansering har att göra med hur länge man har arbetat inom sitt yrke. En kvantitativ studie med 109 mentalskötare och undersköterskor påvisade signifikanta skillnader inom yrkena på empati, utmattning och distans. Undersköterskor uppvisade en högre empati än mentalskötare.

Introduction:A good work environment and good resources among district nurses? and general nurses? are important in the provision of good nursing care. For patient security it is also very important that resources and time are used in an appropriate way. A lot of time is spent on non-core activity, for example administration takes more and more time, which can result in feelings of stress.Aim:The aim was to describe how district nurses? and nurses? in primary care perceived their work environment, how their worktime content was distributed and if there was some connection between perceived work environment and the distribution of work time.Methods:A mapping of the content of the work was made in two parts.

The purpose of this study was to examine creativity in psychosocial work. The aim issues where to find out how creativity develops in social work, why the relation is important for the innovativeness and how the creativeness can change a person. Through a qualitative method with interviews of four persons in psychosocial work and with one man who's a professor in philosophy, four relevant themes were identified. The themes are about the relation, the meeting, the dialog and the changing. All four themes are related to creativity and I used existential, philosophic and also psychoanalytic theories when I analyzed the material.

Bakgrund: Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) är en vägledning för att vårda patienter i livets slutskede. Den är framtagen i syfte att överföra den palliativa modellen av vård till annan vårdkontext. LCP ger vägledning i kommunikation inom det multiprofessionella teamet, med anhöriga och med patienten som är döende. LCP utgör en guide för läkare om att förskriva läkemedel mot de vanligaste symtomen som kan uppträda i livets slut, för att förbättra symtomhanteringen.  LCP används idag i Sverige på flera håll inom olika ramar av vårdinrättningar. Syfte: Syftet var med denna litteraturöversikt att ur ett sjuksköterskeperspektiv beskriva vård i livets slutskede med tillämpning av Liverpool Care Pathway på akutvårdsavdelningar.

The aim of this text is to study how sectional managers in the care of the elderly work so as to promote basic human values. Semi-structured interviews generated qualitative data from five sectional managers. A hermeneutical approach was applied for interpreting the interviews. The result shows that the respondents are conscious of the fact that it takes a lot of long term work before a change in current procedures will happen. Also, the common everyday principles of work and basic values will continue to be part of the care of the elderly.