The global wood Pellet market has seen a rapid growth after the adoption of the Kyoto protocol and the renewable energy incentives created within the European Union. The global consumption of wood Pellets reached 13,5 million tonnes in 2010 and several experts estimate the consumption to be between 35-50 million tonnes by 2020. These forescasts raise the questions which regions that can supply this vast amount of wood Pellets and what the conditions are for producing it. This study evaluates the conditions for wood Pellet production and export from British Columbia, on Canada?s west coast, focusing on existing industry structure, raw material supply and the distribution chain.

This bachelor thesis aims at investigate how a specified house can optimize its energy consumption.Today the house often stands for the major part of the energy consumption in a consumers? life,whereas an energy optimization creates economic as well as environmental advantages. It is importantto make old houses more energy efficient, but putting high energy demands on new houses could beargued to be more important. The installations functions as both the heart and brain in a house, thusmaking it important to energy optimize these. Since the background describes the importance ofenergy efficiency and optimization in a house, the focus area of this report will be an investigation ofdifferent types of heating systems in order to be able to choose the one most suited for the house.Aspects considered when choosing the heating system was how economic the system is both inservice- and investment costs and how environmental and operational friendly the system is.Through literature reviews there were sufficient information gathered that served as a foundation whencomparing and choosing between the four systems - district heating, Pellet-fired boiler, geothermalheating and solar heating.

The district heating load is seasonally dependent, with a low load during periods of high ambient temperature. Thermal energy storage (TES) has the potential to shift heating loads from winter to summer, thus reducing cost and environmental impact of District Heat production. In this study, a concept of high temperature borehole thermal energy storage (HT-BTES) together with a Pellet heating plant for temperature boost, is presented and evaluated by its technical limitations, its ability to supply heat, its function within the district heating system, as well as its environmental impact and economic viability in Gothenburg, Sweden, a city with access to high quantities of waste heat.The concept has proven potentially environmentally friendly and potentially profitable if its design is balanced to achieve a good enough supply temperature from the HT-BTES. The size of the heat storage, the distance between boreholes and low borehole thermal resistance are key parameters to achieve high temperature. Profitability increases if a location with lower temperature demand, as well as risk of future shortage of supply, can be met.

Understensho?jden is Stockholm's largest eco-village which was built in the early 1990s with the vision of enabling ecological living for people. However the ecovillage is no longer considered as environmentally friendly because of its relatively high energy consumption, and non-updated energy system. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate how Understensho?jden should reduce their energy consumption and upgrade its energy system by using Blower-Door, IR-camera and Design Builder.

LKAB är ett järnförädlingsföretag som är helägt av svenska staten. Produkter som tillverkas är fines och Pellets, dessa innehåller järnmineralen hematit och magnetit. Efterfrågan av järnmalmsprodukter är dagsläget mycket god och LKAB arbetar ständigt för att öka produktionen och samtidigt bevara en god kvalitet på produkterna. LKAB bryter malmen i sina gruvor i Malmberget och Kiruna, malmen avskilja från gråberg i sovrings- och anrikningsverk därefter sker addering av tillsatsmedel i anriknings- och kulsinterverk. I kulsinterverket tillverkas slutligen Pellets genom att råkulor rullas i rulltrummor och därefter torkas på graten (galler rostern).

Understensho?jden is Stockholm's largest eco-village which was built in the early 1990s with the vision of enabling ecological living for people. However the ecovillage is no longer considered as environmentally friendly because of its relatively high energy consumption, and non-updated energy system. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate how Understensho?jden should reduce their energy consumption and upgrade its energy system by using Blower-Door, IR-camera and Design Builder.

Understensho?jden is Stockholm's largest eco-village which was built in the early 1990s with the vision of enabling ecological living for people. However the ecovillage is no longer considered as environmentally friendly because of its relatively high energy consumption, and non-updated energy system. The purpose of this study is therefore to investigate how Understensho?jden should reduce their energy consumption and upgrade its energy system by using Blower-Door, IR-camera and Design Builder.

The use of bio energy in Sweden has increased during the last few years and with every passing year, bio energy produces 3-4 TWh´s more energy than the previous year. The increase in the use of bio energy makes it an interesting prospect for forest companies to produce bio energy from the forest. Sveaskog has a fairly extensive bio energy programme, mainly in southern and middle Sweden. Their activity regarding bio energy in northern Sweden has been very restrictive or even non-existent. Because of this, during the winter of 2003-2004, Sveaskog initiated a number of degree projects with the purpose of looking at the use of bio energy in northern Sweden.

Sweden has distinct seasons with cold winter and temperatures down to minus 25 ?C andpleasant summers with temperatures above 20 ?C. During spring and autumn there could becomechallenges with precipitation. The diverse climate in Sweden affects many homeowners. For thepeople living in leisure boats and permanent housing boats the seasonal changes are clearlyimpacting their economy and the indoor climate.

The use of renewable resources is rapidly increasing in Sweden, especially the use of fuel Pellets. Through Pelletizing the energy content per volume unit is greatly increased and the Pellets are more homogeneous with regard to moisture content, particle size and density compared to unrefined fuels like forest residues and chips. For further development of the Swedish Pellet industry, the use of different assortments from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia) is of particular interest, mainly because of its high volume production.

Clostridium difficile is a pathogen for both humans and animals and is often associated with antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Recently, several human cases of C. difficile-infection with increased mortality and morbidity have been reported. In studies performed in different countries C. difficile has been found in meat.

This examination work brings up opportunities to invest in a construction for heating with grain or Pellets on farm level. As example we have chosen Fröberga Gård which is a farm located in Östergötland outside of Söderköping. The farm`s residential buildings is to day heated with oil and electricity. The result of our investigation shows that heating with grain is the best alternative, partly because of economical issues but also because you can grow the grain on your own farm and by that you can get better economy in your seed cultivation. To grow 16 tonne of grain as is needed demand gives a insignificant increase of work. Further an advantage is that no investment in machines is needed because all the machines witch is needed already is in use on the farm. In a situation where a new investment is needed as in the case we studied, is it often profitable to invest in a integrated furnace. Because all the components are well adapted to each other, and because that gives a high efficiency. If you already own a well working furnace is it often most profitable to connect a burner to it. It is important to know that heating with grain need more work than heating with Pellets, because the high contents of ash in grain. Even if you choose Pellets instead of grain the calculation shows good results. Because peat is an excellent but fairly untested raw material for Pelletsproduction we have chosen to watch little more on its quality and conductions. We discovered that peat has a high heating value which makes it possible to raise the heat value in Pellets through mix up peat and wood. Or you can make Pellets with only peat and get a Pellet with high heating value. Even the calculation with peatheating shows good results..

Med ett energikombinat vid Lillesjöverket vill Uddevalla Energi energieffektivisera samt sänka temperatur på återkommande fjärrvärmevatten, för att kunna utnyttja rökgaskondensorn effektivare. Uppdraget var att utreda mängden tillgänglig energi under sommarhalvåret och utföra en matematisk kalkyl som ska ligga till grund för val av tork. Valet stod mellan två alternativ av tork där storlek på värmeväxlararea och investeringskostnad skilde dem åt. Sedan följde dimensionering av fjärrvärmeledning samt cirkulationspump från fjärrvärmenätet till tork. Syftet var att ge Uddevalla Energi ett tekniskt beslutsunderlag för val av storlek på tork samt dimensionering av energiöverföring till densamma.

The mining company LKAB extracts iron ore in three areas in the north of Sweden, Kiruna, Malmberget and Svappavaara. The iron ore is refined and in the Pelletizing plants the material is rolled to finished Pellet product. The different steps of Pelletizing plants causes among other things emissions to the air. It occurs occasionally stops in the production and the emissions are vented via an emergency chimney without purification. The aim for this work is to look into how LKAB may improve their monitoring of air emissions and control of ambient air quality and the analysis methods which are suitable for measuring.

Företaget TräEnergi Teknik AB säljer Pelletskaminer. Försäljningen av produkten går inte så bra, men ägaren Carl-Axel Fagerström tycker att produkten borde vara efterfrågad av kunderna eftersom den är både miljövänlig och prisvärd. I denna rapport undersöks hur företaget kan ändra sina marknadsföringsstrategier för att nå ut till potentiella köpare. En enkätundersökning har gjorts hos återförsäljare för att ta reda på slutkundernas behov och önskemål. Ur undersökningen framgick att även om kunden är miljömedveten går priset alltid före.