Purpose: In order to curb the prevalence of undeclared work and to improve competi-tion within the building and construction business, reversed charge audit will from July 1, 2007 onwards be applied within the building sector. The new rules entail a consider-able amount of delimiting problems as regards both businesses and services.The aim of this essay is to study the rules as well as direct the light upon various consequen-tial delimiting problems. Furthermore, we will investigate what the effects are on the busi-nesses, as well as their view regarding this. Apart from this, we will also investigate who will benefit and who will be disfavourably affected, respectively, by the new lawMethod: The investigation has been conducted with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods. Firstly, an opinion poll was carried out, directed towards Swedish construction companies, and this was then deepened using three interviews.Result & Conclusions: The essay demonstrates that the new rules have entailed more work to a varying degree for the companies.

Med Köpenhamnsskolans säkerhetiseringprocess som analysverktyg kan man tolka institutionaliserandet av apartheidpolicyn som en följd av att rasfrågan i Sydafrika under tiden efter andra världskriget säkerhetiserades. Den vita identiteten formades, med ett postmodernistiskt perspektiv, i och med denna process. Den samtida politiska diskursens konstruerade föreställningar om ?vi? och ?dem? blev en förutsättning för samhällets uppfattning om apartheidsystemets legitimitet. I och med apartheidregimens fall reverserades emellertid rasfrågan i säkerhetiseringsprocessen och introduceras åter som politisk fråga.

When discussing local development attention is often given to the problems involved. Factors like decreasing population and inadequate infrastructure are two examples. Local politics has, however, lately been argued to have possibilities to affect its own development and its chances to achieve growth. Some of the most important factors from this debate are to make a community attractive for people and companies, committed leadership, the local business world with entrepreneurialism and a good business climate. These factors serve as a starting point for this discussion where focus is on the possibilities to achieve growth on the local level and the politics that is used for this purpose.To illustrate the chances to affect local growth I apply the theoretical perspective of regime theory and thereby examine the governing coalitions "power to" govern and not "power over" as the earlier theoretical perspectives in the area.

The purpose of this study is to investigate if reconciliation between former war-enemies and ethnic groups (Muslims, Croats and Serbs) in Bosnia and Hercegovina is possible today. Reconciliation between these groups is necessary for the development of the state and sustainable peace. In order to fulfil the aim I have applied qualitative conversation interviews together with qualitative literature study.In this research I have studied the three largest parties (SDA, HDZ and SDS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Conversation interviews were made with two representatives of each party. The reconciliation theory and the recommendations that the theory advocates were used in the study.

approaching Boden deals with the approaching of a city, both in a physical sense ? along the road ? and in a spiritual sense ? in mind. The physical encounter with a city is represented by the experience of the road and its surroundings, while the spiritual encounter is represented by the idea of the city that we already have, or will get, in our minds. We have in this degree project approached Boden through a thoroughly analysis of both the entrance roads and the city itself. In this degree project we are looking for ways of how to create characteristic and interesting entrance roads to a city, with Boden as an example. This demands knowledge about the problems involving entrance roads as well as the distinctive features of the city.

The objective of a site leasehold is to allow the lessee to occupy a specific plot of land. In return, the lessor imposes an annual ground rent. The ground rent ownership gives the lessor the possibility to capture the increasing in land value. As such, the rent is based on the value of the land multiplied with a percentage that reflects the yield of the land value. It is renegotiated every ten years.

This essay is about the Workers Communist Party. My method for the analyzing part in this essay is qualitative methods such as text and idea analysis. I have chosen the words of Claudin to describe which ideological standpoints Workers Communist Party have. First I write about the background to why Workers Communist Party was formed in 1977. The background is the big split of extreme left wingers from the left party, which formed several organisations such as The Communist Marxist-Leninist Revolutionary Party and The Communist Organization for Marxist-Leninists.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine how the Swedish policy of neutrality has changed between the years 1990-2008. The research method used for this essay has been comparative case study, which strives to answer four research questions. Two of these questions are: Which specific occurrences have been fundamental in changing the Swedish policy of neutrality? How have the Swedish policy of neutrality and the policy of non-alignment changed between the years 1990-2008? The theoretical frame work of this study consists of Europeanization as a comprehensive theoretical perspective. In order to explain the Swedish act regarding the policy of neutrality, Logic of Consequences and Logic of appropriateness are used.

Nearly 50 years after the building of the first million programme neighbourhoods many Swedish municipalities faces an extensive restoration work in these neighbourhoods which during their relatively short lifetime have acted as a target for a large amount of criticism. Öster in Gävle is a million programme neighbourhood that has gone through an extensive restoration between 2001-2009 with the aim of improving the living environment. Improvements have been made in the outdoor environment, to the facades of the houses and the entrances? of each building. The purpose of this study has been to investigate the effects of the renewal in the physical outdoor environment for those who live in the neighbourhood.

Byggbranschen är inne i en övergångsfas mellan 2D och 3D. BIM, som arbetsmetod, och 3D-modeller blir allt vanligare. I broprojekt är dock efterfrågan på dessa modeller låg. På WSP i Stockholm används 3D-modelleringprogrammet Tekla Structures i stor utsträckning på flera avdelningar. Önskemål finns om att utöka användningen av programmet även inom broprojektering.

Security Council resolution 1325 (2000) is about women, peace and security. Since the resolution was adopted several countries has made their own National Action Plan for implementation of the resolution.Sweden and Denmark are two of these countries. Resolution 1325 is one of the documents that each countries armed force has to relate to in international work.These countries can get to work together in international operations within the framework of the Nordic Defense Cooperation, NORDEFCO. This study is done by looking at similarities and differences in the action plans and whether they can be an obstacle for the countries to cooperate in an international operation.In this paper a comparative analysis of Sweden and Denmark's plans for the Security Council resolution 1325 will be done. The comparison is made based on the clauses of the resolution relating to the member states actions.In this paper, a qualitative text analysis to be carried out with sections of Resolution 1325 as a model for the comparison..

Liberia har på senare tid präglats av instabilitet och misslyckat fredsbyggande. Vår ambition är att ge en välgrundad förståelse för inbördeskriget 1989-1996, och att på ett resonerande sätt besvara frågan varför man inte lyckades etablera varaktig fred efter krigsslutet. Uppsatsen är en teorikonsumerande fallstudie av Liberia med ett tvådelat syfte. Vårt fall analyseras utifrån teorier om krigsorsaker och fredsbyggande och empirin utgörs av tidigare forskning på området. De slutsatser vi nått är att kriget kan förstås som ett resultat av statens urholkade makt och de missförhållanden detta skapade.

Genusvetenskapen önskar att framhäva genus, med både fokus på enbart kvinnor och på maktrelationen mellan män och kvinnor, i fredsarbetet samt återuppbyggnaden av postkonfliktsamhällen. Kvinnor har länge exkluderats och ignorerats i fredsarbeten. I och med uppkomsten av resolution 1325, som syftar till att visa kvinnors avgörande roll i fredsarbete har genus blivit ytterligare accepterat i det internationella samfundet. Syftet med vår uppsats är att undersöka vilken betydelse genus kan spela i fredsprocesser. Genom att undersöka fallet Liberia och den fredsprocess som landet genomgår vill vi belysa de konsekvenser som genus har i denna fredsprocess.

Målet med detta arbete är att undersöka och analysera en byggnad från miljonprogrammet i Helsingborg göra gällande energiberäkningar. Dessa beräkningar ska mynna ut i olika förslag till hur man skulle kunna styra upp en renovering av dessa byggnader så att de uppfyller de nya energikraven samt skapa en mer tilltalande estetisk byggnad..

Den här uppsatsen analyserar och jämför olika konflikttransformerande organisationer som verkat i Nordirland och genom detta ges möjlighet att på så vis ta reda på om det skett en konflikttransformation eller ej? Analysen utgår från John Paul Lederach teorier kring fredsbyggande modeller. Jag kommer använda mig av två modeller, den ena är en pyramid över samhället, där det politiska toppskiktet ligger högst och gräsrotsnivån ligger i botten. Den andra är en modell över förflyttningen från ett stadium av konfliktövergång till en fullständig transformation av konflikten. Vidare kommer jag ta fram vilket arbete, metoder samt vilken målgrupp de konflikttransformerande organisationerna har använt.