Nathan Söderblom, Swedish archbishop 1914 - 1931, understands his role as bishop from an integrated theological conception that episcopacy is a gift to the church and the apostolic succession a heritage of utmost value. Episcopacy is an important tool to make the churches come together. in his work for peace during the Great War it was through his position without any power that he could approach the politicians. His calling was not only for Sweden; he had a responsibility for the whole world. In the Ecumenical Cope for the 1925 Stockholm meeting Söderblom expressed his views on the importance of the Uppsala see.

The UN was established after the Second World War. The organization?s primary goal was to maintain peace among all nations. When the UN intervenes in other states affairs, it is violat-ing the principles it is set to defend, principles of non-intervention and respect for sover-eignty. The outcome from such interventions is very important, a result that can legitimize the action.

AbstractA Problem to Every SolutionThe Corrymeela Community, René Girard and the ambiguous pluralismThe main purpose of this study is to examine how Girard´s ideas of society, culture andreligion have become part of the reflexion in the praxis of Corrymeela Community through the work of Roel Kaptein and how this praxis can shed light over the work with dissonances of faith and values in education in RE, Social Studies and other subjects.In earlier publications I have studied how dissonances of faith and values can beunderstood in educational settings and in connection with issues of interreligious dialogue.The extensive discussion of how differences in culture, religion and value in a pluralisticsociety are to be analysed and treated in pedagogical reflexion seems to increasingly occupyactors in different parts of the educational system. It is obvious that these issues also arebrought into focus as an important field of research. My main interest in this paper is to study how a reconciliation group in the middle of the conflict in Northern Ireland has developed a view of conflict reason and conflict resolution under the influence of the French researcher René Girard and what aspects of this study that can improve the reflection over pluralism and dissonances of faith and values in everyday praxis in education.For a period of more than a decade I have been in contact with actors in the peace process inNorthern Ireland in connection to different educational projects. The attempts to analyse the different aspects of ?The Troubles? and the efforts to find ways out of conflicts and civil war are many and the literature on subjects related to these tragic history of social, cultural and religious conflicts is difficult to survey.

The aim of this study was to get knowledge of the communicationprocess between the branch head and the co-worker in communal geriatric care. To narrow it down we focused on how the branch head experience the communicationprocess in conflictsituations between co-workers and what she or he usually do to resolve the conflict. We made qualitative interviews with ten of the branch heads in communal geriatric care, in four communes. The questions we had in mind throughout the study was based on four keywords (communication, leadership, conflict and conflict management) of which we created a narrative story from every interviewing person to get hold of the experience and knowledge behind their interviews. In our analysis as theoretical perspectives we used system theory, communication theory, attribution theory and the philosophy of Dialogue by Martin Buber.

Hasan di Tiro och organisationen Acheh Sumatra National Liberation Front (ASNLF) har varit den drivande kraften i kampen för ett självständigt Acheh, som sedan 1949 varit en del av Indonesien. Deras främsta argument är att när den forna nederländska kolonin upplöstes överläts Acheh till den konstruerade nationen Indonesien, ett land utan några som helst historiska eller kulturella band med Acheh. Syftet med denna uppsats är att utföra en narrativanalys på den dagbok Hasan di Tiro skrev 1976-79 mitt under den pågående frihetskampen. Vi analyserar vilka kognitiva och ideologiska uppfattningar som ligger till grund för konstruktionen av en achehnesisk fiendebild, samt hur di Tiro refererar till Indonesien som "den Andre" i sin narrativa diskurs. Vår analys visar att fiendebilden om Indonesien bygger på en stark förankring i Achehs historiska uppfattning från kolonialtiden, samt på ett resonemang där fienden avhumaniseras och sätts i en underlägsen position i kontrast till den egna identiteten..

   Officially, Sweden has a very low level of corruption and in 2008 topped Transparency International?s list in terms of the perception of a lack of corruption. However, on closer examination it would appear that the Swedish public sector is not as clean as the Transparency International list suggests. What appears to be relatively common and quite widely accepted in Sweden, especially in local government, are conflict of interest situations in which public officials use their position to obtain advantages for themselves, their friends and their colleagues, in particular with respect to public procurement. According to the Swedish constitution, the public administration shall be governed by the principles on legality and objectivity. Grave violations of these principles are deemed illegal and contrary to the penal code provisions relating to bribery, public misconduct and breach of confidentiality.

Den här uppsatsen analyserar och jämför två fall av externt administrerade statsbyggande missioner. Den utgår från Barry Buzans statskomponenter för att jämföra och söka förklara varför de internationella administrationerna i Kosovo och Bosnien-Hercegovina misslyckats med att bygga en stabil, representativ och enad stat. Analysen utgörs av tre huvudsakliga statskomponenter, dessa innefattar den statsbärande idén, statens institutioner samt statens fysiska bas (befolkningen och territoriet).Slutsatsen är att man misslyckats med att skapa legitimitet för institutionerna eftersom institutionerna, vars bas är tänkt att bygga på en enande statsbärande idé, speglar samhället i stort som har differentierade åsikter om vad staten bör vara till för och försvårar byggandet av en gemensam, stabil stat.Vi föreslår att den idealiserade visionen om en multietnisk stat, både i Kosovo och Bosnien-Hercegovina ersätts eller möjligen successivt övergår till en vision om integration och multinationalitet som omfamnar gruppernas skillnader och undviker att påtvinga de opraktisk neutralitet..

AbstractThis study examines the conclusions made by Roland Paris in his case study of fourteen major post-war reconstruction efforts following the end of the Cold War, and applies them to the current reconstruction process in post-war Iraq. Paris found a common denominator of the fourteen cases ? a belief that a rapid liberalization process, turning war-torn states into liberal market democracies, would foster sustainable peace. Paris calls this belief ?Wilsonianism? after Woodrow Wilson, who was one of the first advocates of it.

This study aims to contribute to the existing research field of Swedish arms export by examining the motives behind how the Swedish government and ISP have warranted arms export to countries in or on the brink of armed conflict after the change in law in 2018. The current Swedish legislation from 2018 with its basis in international legislation does not allow arms export to countries in or on the brink of armed conflict, but it still occurs due to a law that allows for exceptions if the arms export aligns with Sweden's interest in security policy. Earlier research has been conducted in the field and stated that Sweden?s progressive brand makes it possible for Sweden to export arms and still come across as a peaceful country, and that the Swedish government is involved in the arms trade which is essentially a private market. The analysis uses the theory of militarization to establish possible motives and a theoretical framework.

Art.39 är grindvakten som inleder kapitel VII i FN-stadgan och tröskeln vid vilken säkerhetsrådet går från att vara ett multilateralt organ till ett globalt verkställande organ. Konceptet ?threat to the peace? är det bredaste, otydligaste och viktigaste begreppet i art.39 FN-stadgan. Genom att framställa de centrala förutsättningarna för tillämpningen av art. 40-42, öppnar art.

Denna teorianvändande uppsats handlar om konsekvenserna av skuggekonomins utbredning i post-konfliktuella samhällen och hur dessa påverkar utvecklingen i Bosnien-Hercegovina. Vi har använt oss av Roland Paris IBL-teori på statsnivå och Carolyn Nordstroms hypoteser på individnivå för att bättre belysa problemen som ett post-konfliktuellt samhälle ställs inför när det gäller skuggekonomins utbredning och konsekvenser. Genom att tydliggöra vad som omfattas av skuggekonomin på dessa två nivåer belyser vi vilka positiva respektive negativa konsekvenser skuggekonomin medför. Den inofficiella sektorn i Bosnien-Hercegovina har ökat och staten har blivit allt svagare och därigenom fått svårt att bygga upp starka institutioner vilket syns i den offentliga sektorn som präglas av korruption. På individnivå har skuggekonomin tagit över statens tidigare roll som socialt skyddsnät, arbetsgivare och inkomstkälla.

The purpose of my study is to find out which way the extended school staff has their knowledge about conflicts, what they think is the cause of a conflict and how they handle conflicts.To answer these questions, I have chosen to do interviews with an available group. I interviewed six persons of different gender, age, nationality and they have been working from three to twenty years at afterschool care.I have analyzed my empirical material using Szklarkis four causes of a conflict and Malténs strategies for conflict management.My conclusion is that the after-school staff's knowledge is mostly based on experience, partly through work with children group in afterschool care and as a youth leader in the voluntary sector. The strategy almost always used for the after-school staff were the collusion strategy.

This thesis reports on a case study of a forest company, Stora Enso, and their experience from a number of trials and experiments with ash recycling. A literature survey and a total of eleven in-depth interviews were carried out. Ash recycling was found to be the concern of three different divisions of the company. The pulp industry which produces the ash, the forest division which would be responsible for identifying land and spreading the ash, and Stora Research, which has had a major part in the design and implementation of research trials. Lacking an overall company decision on ash recycling the matter is left to the individual divisions.

The following chapters examine landscape architecture which engages in contested territories with an emphasis on the way in which landscape architecture can engage with the issues of divided cities or landscapes with similar social, cultural and physical properties. The project focuses specifically on the potential landscape architecture has for promoting or aiding in the reconciliation process of these areas, by examining the following questions. How can landscape architecture be used to benefit the peace building process of divided cities and landscapes? How can landscape architecture be used in the process of promoting spatial reconciliation in the case of Belfast? The investigation begins with a description of the background to the project in Chapter 1, which functions as a brief introduction to the urban phenomena that is divided cities. It then goes on to introduce the different methods and data employed in order to answer the research questions in Chapter 2. After introducing the problem and the methodology, a global overview of divided cities is performed in Chapter 3. This chapter is divided into two sections.

Folkets Hus och Parker gav under våren 2008 en förfrågan om att under sommaren uppmäta den ljudtrycksdos en normal festivaldeltagare tillskansar sig under ett festivalbesök. De mätningar som genomfördes skedde på tre olika festivaler, Hultsfredsfestivalen, Peace & Love och Storsjöyran. Mätningarna skulle ske över hela festivalbesöket och inte endast innefatta mätningar av konserter, för att kunna ge en rättvisare bild av den ljudtrycksdos som en person kan tänkas utsättas för under en festival. De två av Socialstyrelsen uppsatta gränsvärdena som ska följas är att evenemanget ska hålla sig under ett medelvärde på max 100 dB(A)LEQ och dess toppvärde får vara högst 115 dB(A). I överlag kunde vi se att ljudnivåerna hölls relativt bra inom riktvärdena på de tre festivalerna.