The aim of this study is to investigate ordinary readers' evaluation of quality in literature. The main issue is which criteria ordinary grown-up readers use when they are defining their likes and dislikes in literature. The analysis is based upon qualitative interviews with six readers, two men and four women, between 21 and 59 years of age. The study is hermeneutic. Since theoretical works concerning evaluation of literature among ordinary readers are sparse, the philosopher of arts and religion Hugo A.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how six students at a Secondary School describes interaction patterns among teachers when students express in a way that the teacher perceives as racist and/or xenophobic, by presenting a qualitative interview study. The interviews were analyzed by two opposing models of value education: the traditional and the constructive model.The results show that students divide teachers in different categories based on five qualities: 1) they listening, 2) they accept students' opinions, 3) they allow discussion, 4) they are knowledgeable and 5) they can express their own opinions.These qualities are included in the value pedagogical model for deliberative conversations, whose strategies for interaction aim to create an understanding of different rules and values, thereby creating skills of rules by using a democratic approach. In contrast to this model, the rule-based moral education, in which the teacher uses his authority and refers to rules without giving an explanation for why they occurred, as strategies. .

Bakgrund: Att följa restriktioner gällande livsstil, och att ta mediciner som ordinerat, är nödvändigt för att en njurtransplanterad patient ska bibehålla funktion i den transplanterade njuren. Inom sjukvården benämns detta beteende för compliance. Non-compliance hos njurtransplanterade rapporteras i studier uppgå till 43 %. Non-compliance rapporteras öka risken för avstötning av njuren med upp till sju gånger för en patient med låg compliance, jämfört med en patient med hög compliance. Syfte: Syftet med aktuell litteraturstudie är att belysa faktorer som påverkar en vuxen njurtransplanterad patients compliance.

BackgroundToday a common approach to solve a complicated problem is to assemble a temporary workforce in order to solve the problem by working together within a project. One of the difficulties with working in projects is to maintain the planned budget. Working hours and costs are often exceeded. Many companies presume that any certain project will succeed, a presumption that leads companies not to anticipate risks involved in a project. In companies today there is seldom time for evaluation or moderation of a project, in order to have time for evaluation there is a great need for an adequate planning of the project.IntentThe intention with this study is to create a model for planning, budgeting and evaluation of projects within consultancy companies.MethodWith the help of interviews and discussions within the group Hamnar och Byggkonstruktioner at Sweco has evidence to present a proposal on planning, budgeting and monitoring been developed.ResultsA model has been developed to ease for consultancy companies to plan, budget, monitor and evaluate projects.

Title: Process description of round timber transports ? a case study at Tra?frakt Go?taland ABAuthors: Karl ? Johan Tern, Christian Johansson and Andreas IvarssonTutor: Anders JerrelingExaminer: Fredrik KarlssonBackground: Today the profitability of forest haulers is unsatisfactory. Negotiations on prices are more about the relative strength of the negotiation parties rather than a discussion about actual costs. Adding extensive changes in the forest haulers cost structure has led to insufficient knowledge of whether the negotiated prices really correspond to their costs.Methodology: We decided to carry out a case study at Tra?frakt Go?taland AB, a special interest organisation whose members represent the majority of forest haulers in Go?taland.Purpose: To describe the processes and underlying activities of round timber transports.

Uppsatsens syfte var att belysa relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient när sjuksköterskan var stressad. För att fördjupa oss i relationens betydelse har vi använt oss av Joyce Travelbees teori kring mellanmänskligheten. Uppsatsen är gjord som en systematisk litteraturstudie där sex artiklar analyserades. Vårt resultat visade att stress påverkade relationen negativt. Våra fynd visade att förmågan att skapa en relation minskade då både sjuksköterskan och patienten skapade en distans till varandra.

Uppsatsens syfte var att belysa relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient när sjuksköterskan var stressad. För att fördjupa oss i relationens betydelse har vi använt oss av Joyce Travelbees teori kring mellanmänskligheten. Uppsatsen är gjord som en systematisk litteraturstudie där sex artiklar analyserades. Vårt resultat visade att stress påverkade relationen negativt. Våra fynd visade att förmågan att skapa en relation minskade då både sjuksköterskan och patienten skapade en distans till varandra.

Sammanfattning: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjukvårdspersonals upplevelse av att i yrkesverksam ålder bli patienter. Arbetet hade en beskrivande design. Fyra självbiografiska böcker analyserades med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Arbetet resulterade i två domäner: Upplevelser av sjukdomsbesked med kategorierna: Att leva i ovisshet och visshet och Bemötande. Upplevelser under utredning och behandling resulterade i kategorierna: Känslor i kroppen och själen; Att vara i andras händer; Att vara patient och Miljön.

Background: The majority of nurses experience work relatedstress, which can lead to a negative impact on patient care. Thestress can be handled by coping strategies. Aim: To illuminatecoping strategies among nurses experiencing work relatedstress. Method: The study has been accomplished as aliterature study, with a systematic review of scientific articles.Findings: Following coping strategies appeared: problemsolving, long-term strategies, passive strategies, leisurestrategies, social support and mental strategies. Conclusion:Awareness of coping strategies for dealing with work relatedstress, can lead to improvement in patient care..

Two ecological models of nitrogen processes in treatment wetlands have been evaluated and compared. These models have been implemented, simulated, and visualized in the Modelica language. The differences and similarities between the Modelica modeling environment used in this thesis and other environments or tools for ecological modeling have been evaluated. The modeling tools evaluated are PowerSim, Simile, Stella, the MathModelica Model Editor, and WEST. The evaluation and the analysis have been performed using McCall?s factors for software quality (McCall et al, 1977), a correlation analysis and the Constant Comparative Method (Glaser&Strauss, 1999).

 Extra high requirements are made on all systems in health care that they are functional and usable,´something, however, that is not always the case. At Emergency Admissions at Sahlgrenska University´Hospital many systems are in use at the same time and it happens that much overhead is caused by having to fill in the same information in different places. In addition, data that is gathered is to a large extent saved in free text format, which means that it cannot be used in a larger context such as research, quality control or for decision support. Data is saved in the patient file only for the treatment process of the individual patient.A data collecting system with decision support functionality could be a first step towards reducing Emergency Admissions? costs and patients? waiting times by providing a structured method of data collection.

Begreppet ekosystemtjänster kan användas för att tydliggöra värdet av landskapets funktioner och därmed underlätta kommunikation mellan markanvändare då olika intressen konkurrerar. Emellertid finns det få studier som inkluderar en kvantitativ eller kvalitativ värdering av ekosystemtjänster på landskapsnivå. I detta arbete har markanvändning och ekosystemtjänster studerats i ett landskapsperspektiv, med Vilhelmina Model Forest (VMF) som studieområde. Den övergripande frågan i VMF är hur rennäring kan kombineras med andra markanvändningsintressen, huvudsakligen skogsbruk. Syftet med studien var att göra en kvantitativ värdering av markanvändningsintressen och ekosystemtjänster.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to describe the post-operative care during the three first days for patients who have undergone colorectal surgery according to ERAS care programs with a focus on the variables nutrition, elimination, activity, type of analgesia and the number of hospital days documented in the patient record and patient log books. ERAS means "Early Recovery After Surgery" and the purpose of the health care program is to accelerate recovery after colorectal surgery. The study had a descriptive design and a quantitative approach, in which 51 patient records were included. Log books and patient records were reviewed postoperatively. According to the log books estimated most of the patients, who had documented, that they ate and drank very good or good.

The purpose of this study is to understand how parents to children with autism handle difficulties in their daily lives. Previous research defines autism and shows how it can affect families but it doesn?t show how families handle autism. We have done eight qualitative interviews with parents to children with autism. The result shows similar forms of difficulties in families which children with autism, even though the degree of difficulties varies.

Hälso- och sjukvården är idag under stor förändring. Dagens sjuksköterska ställs inför kraven från den allt mer välinformerade patienten. Enligt lag har patienten rätt att vara delaktig i vården bland annat genom att läsa sin journal. Dagens sjuksköterska måste tillåta patienten att aktivt delta i sin vård. Som teoretisk utgångspunkt har Benners omvårdnads teori använts.