After World War II a rapid expansion of the Swedish health care took place. Theexpansion was realised chiefly as a development of the hospitals and was bothproduced and financed mainly within the public sector. The financing consisted to ahigh degree of government grants from the state to the county councils.During the period for this examination (1945-1955) the public responsibility for thehealth care was expanded. This was expressed in the publicly financed system forhealth insurance and the cut down in the charges that the patients had to pay for thehospital care. These changes led to some discussions on the national level but reformscould on the whole, with exception for the suggested reform of the open health care,be implemented.This case-study performed on the county council in Värmland shows that the degreeof consensus was enhanced on the regional level.

We choose to revise the need of dental care in horses. How important is the dental care for our horse´s use and for their health? The objective of this work was to see if there is a difference between Swedish veterinaries and educated horse dentists opinion concerning horse dental care. As horse owners, we have experienced that there is a conflict between the opinions of these two occupational groups. Some veterinarians say that there is a tendency to use to much treatments or instruments in horses mouths, while some horse dentists says that there is not enough treatments done in horses´ mouths.

Pet rabbits are increasing in popularity and the owners want the same treatment for them as they would want for a dog or a cat. However, the knowledge among clinical staff about these small animals is not always up to date. The aim of this paper is to highlight the needs of the pet rabbit and how these can be met regarding veterinary nursing. Pet rabbits are different from dogs and cats in several ways and their needs as patients differ as well. Rabbits are herbivorous prey animals. To avoid predators, they are very reluctant to show any sign of weakness for as long as they can.

Sammanfattning Detta examensarbete grundar sig på idén om att stadens byggnader, och de arkitektoniska koncept som brukas, påverkar hur det offentliga rummet används och upplevs. Valet av arkitektoniskt koncept ger genomslag också på hur det offentliga rummet uppfattas, samt vilka prioriteringar som görs i den fysiska miljön i byggnadens närhet. Det handlar dels om att byggnaders skala, exploateringsgrad och verksamheter men också om att definiera vilka kvaliteter som är önskvärt, samt vad dessa begrepp egentligen står för. Examensarbetet ger ingen heltäckande översikt över stilformer och begrepp som förekommer inom arkitekturen och stadsplaneringen. Arbetets syfte är att visa hur koncept byggs upp, hur form definieras, samt ger exempel på hur detta kan appliceras på en specifik plats.

Our population are ageing. As this happens more people will be in need of long term care facilities. We now know that some elderly people with certain background factors are more likely to be injured or sick. One of the four biggest background factors is fall propensity. Most of the reported falls come from long term care facilities, approximately 60 % of the care takers in long term care facilities fall one time or more each year.

I sjuksköterskans arbetsuppgifter ingår venösa blodprov och insättande av perifera venkatetrar (PVK). Även då patienten bär en blodsmitta skall detta utföras, vilket sätter sjuksköterskans professionalism och biologiska säkerhet på prov. Sjuksköterskans upplevelser inför att sticka en patient med känd blodsmitta är ett ämne som bör diskuteras mer. Föregås stickmomentet av rädsla eller obehagskänslor? Denna studie syftade till att undersöka sjuksköterskans tankar och upplevelser inför att sticka en patient med känd blodsmitta.

Background: Contracting asexually transmitted disease is strongly associated with stigmaand shame. Stigma associated with these diseases has a significant impact on self-image andpropensityto seek care. Despitehigh incidencethere is a generallack of awareness about therisks and theeffectsthatthese diseases have on both mental and physical health. Health carepersonnel are experiencing difficulties to meet and care for these patients. Aim: The aim ofthis studyisto describe patients'experiences of health care after they were diagnosed with asexually transmitted disease.

SCA is the largest private owned forest owner in Sweden, with an ownership of 2 million hectares of productive forestland. To manage the planning of such large areas and to fit the traditional organization structure of a Swedish forest company, the planning approach is subdivided into three stages; strategic, tactical and operational. The strategic part, based on a statistic sample of stands, returns a harvest level estimate which should then be implemented at actual sites in the tactical part. This procedure can lead to incompatible solutions as the strategic solution is not necessarily possible to translate into actual sites in the tactical plan. The geographic aspect is important in tactical planning due to the large costs for moving equipment and maintenance of a large number of forest roads.

Vårdas på en intensivvårdsavdelning och vara allvarligt sjuk är för många en obehaglig upplevelse. Övervakning och behandling av vitala funktioner sker dygnet runt i en miljö som är främmande för patienten. Många patienter har på grund av läkemedel och behandling svårt att kommunicera, vilket kan leda till minnesförlust och hallucinationer. Sjuksköterskan kan som en del i omvårdnaden skriva en dagbok över vårdtiden. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa patientens upplevelser av att läsa sin dagbok över vårdtiden på intensivvårdavdelningen och hur det kan påverka patientens återhämtning.

The aim of this study is to explore local cultural policy documents in the municipality of Gothenburg Sweden, and, more specifically, to investigate the concepts of cultural planning and instrumental cultural policy. Cultural planning is in this thesis seen as a result of an instrumental view of cultural policy. The theoretical framework consists of the theories of Danish cultural policy researcher Dorte Skot-Hansen. She describes cultural policy in urban areas as founded in motives such as economy, social issues, entertaining and enlightenment. A qualitative text analysis is performed in order to see if the purpose of the cultural policies is to focus on cultural planning as formulated in the document Kulturpolitisk strategi ? version 1.0, adopted by the city council in 1998.

Patientnärmrevård en vårmodell som blir allt vanligare inom svensk sjukvård. I denna litteraturstudie vill vi titta närmre på den ursprungliga modellen ?Patient Centred Care (PCC). Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka de organisatoriska förutsättningarna och de eventuella förändringar i sjuksköterskefunktionen och arbetsmiljön som PCC medför, samt patientens förväntningar på omvårdnaden. Artiklar söktes i databaserna Cinahl och PubMed.

AbstractThis study aims to describe and analyze how the 15 municipalities of Västerbotten County consider regional targets of development in their comprehensive plans. The study also investigate if there´s any need of improvements for the consideration of regional targets in comprehensive planning.This paper is based on studies of comprehensive plans in Västerbotten County and on three interviews with employers of different municipalities in the county. An thematic analysis were used to analyze documents and interviews.The result shows that a new comprehensive plan generally takes more consideration to regional targets of development than older plans. The consideration varies a lot between the municipalities of Västerbotten County and it can be explained by many reasons. The informant?s points out that lack of resources- and competence plus a deficient dialog between municipalities and regional organizations are the mainly causes.Keywords; regional development, comprehensive planning, strategy for regional development, regional development program, land-use planning.

Background: Older people are a major patient group seeking medical care in Sweden. Several of the elderly are living alone and the main reason for living alone is when the spouse passes away. Loneliness is a factor that can affect quality of life, health and wellbeing. Loneliness is an individual experience, loneliness can be self-chosen but involuntary loneliness can lead to lifelong suffering and feelings of loneliness. Aim: The aim of the study was to highlight the factors affecting loneliness among elderly people within municipal care living in Sweden.

Patients who undergo surgery receive general anaesthesia or any form of conduction anaesthesia during the operation. For most people it is strange, unexpected and for many something completely new to be a patient and undergo surgery. Awake conduction anaesthetic patients? experiences from the intraoperative period were little studied. The purpose of this study was to examine awake conduction anaesthesia patients? experiences.

Background: Relatives to people with schizophrenia often experience a great burden and inmany cases takes a lot of responsibility for the person suffering from schizophrenia. Nationalguidelines emphasize the importance for relatives to be involved in mental health care, butunfortunately that is not always the case. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigateand describe how relatives to people with schizophrenia have experienced collaboration andsupport from mental health services, and what requests they might have for the futureregarding the design of collaboration and support. Method: Qualitative approach. Interviewbased study with qualitative content analysis as a method.