Undersökningen bygger på en fallstudie som genomförts på företaget AstraZeneca. De är ettläkemedelsföretag vars produkter finns till försäljning i över 100 länder. Deras tre speciellaforskningsenheter i Sverige, Clinical Pharmacology Unit (CPU), behöver hela tiden flerfrivilliga som kan agera försökspersoner för forskning och utveckling av nya läkemedel.Syftet i denna studie är att beskriva hur företag kan använda viral marknadsföring iwebbaserade sociala nätverk för att nå sin målgrupp. Vi genomförde intervjuer med försökspersonerför att få en bild av hur de idag får information om AstraZeneca CPU, och för att fåveta hur de blev försökspersoner. Därefter konstruerade vi en webbenkät och frågorna gav osssvar på respondenternas internetvanor och hur de tillämpar informationsspridning på internet.Många människor runt om i världen är idag medlemmar i ett webbaserat socialt nätverk.

The cardiovascular system is one of the three major body systems. When an animal in a critical state arrives at the animal hospital, it is important to know the normal parameters in order to assess the patient?s cardiovascular status. Triage is a process where you considerate the patient?s condition instead of check in time, or other criteria.

Identification of fungi is based on macroscopic observations of morphology and microscopic characteristics. These conventional methods are time-consuming and requires expert knowledge. For the past years Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry has been used for routine bacterial identification in clinical laboratories but not yet in the same extension for fungi. In this study three preanalytic preparation methods for fungi were evaluated in order to shorten the processing time in routine laboratory performance.Clinically relevant strains (n=18) of molds and dermatophytes were cultivated on agar plates and prepared according to the different preparation methods for protein extraction. Each strain was analyzed in quadruplicate by the MALDI Biotyper and the database Filamentous Fungi Library 1.0.The results showed that the genus and species identification rates of the least time-consuming direct extraction method were 33% and 11% respectively.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: The relation between alcohol and abdominal obesityAuthor: Anna Eriksson och Karin EdenholmSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 30, 2013Background: Abdominal obesity is a part of the metabolic syndrome, which has a worldwideprevalence of 20-25 %. The problem with abdominal obesity is the accumulation of visceraladipose tissue, which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Alcohol haseffects on metabolism, and can also lead to an increase in total energy intake; these twofactors can lead to an increase in accumulation of visceral fat. Besides this there are studiesthat show that a moderate alcohol intake could be good for your health. The context gets morecomplicated since different studies have shown contradictory results concerning theassociation between alcohol, different types of alcoholic beverages and measurements ofabdominal fat.Objective: The objective of this article review is to assess the evidence of whether alcoholintake is associated with accumulation of visceral adipose tissue, using the measurementswaist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratio (WHR).Search strategy: The databases used in the literature study were PubMed and Scopus.

Under år 2011 levde ca 5800 personer i Sverige med diagnosen hiv (humant immunbristvirus) och 18 nya fall upptäcktes via MHV:s screening av gravida kvinnor. Risken att ett barn smittas under graviditet och förlossning är 15-25 % om kvinnan inte behandlas med antiretrovirala läkemedel. Riskerna ökar med ytterligare 10-15 % om kvinnan sedan väljer att amma sitt barn. Barn till kvinnor som behandlas med antiretrovirala läkemedel och har icke mätbara virusnivåer i blodet löper en risk på 0,4-1 % att smittas. RAV (referensgruppen för antivirala medel) uppdaterade 2010 sina behandlingsrekommendationer för hiv-1 positiva kvinnor under graviditet och förlossning.

Never before have so many moved so frequently as now. Mobility lies at the centre for the concern ofstates, business and technological development. Some even claim that we are witnessing a mobility turn inthe social sciences. However, as the capacity to move has increased so too has the control and surveillanceof mobility become more extensive. Since September 11, 2001 security has been the defining paradigm fora variety for actors.

The mountainous Central Asian and former Soviet country Tajikistan is the least advantaged country economically among the former Soviet Union states. Approximately 6.5 % of the land is arable in a country where roughly 80 % of the households typically own small numbers of sheep and goats. Management practices and animal husbandry in the villages such as uncontrolled breeding, mixing of animals on pastures favor transmission of infectious diseases. Brucellosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Brucella spp. The disease is endemic in Tajikistan. B.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskeprogrammet  vid Uppsala universitet innefattar 49,5 högskolepoäng verksamhetsförlagd utbildning (VFU). I termin 2 har studenterna fyra veckor VFU inom basal omvårdnad och handledes då av undersköterska. Handledning är ett sätt att lära ut och utveckla kompetens och innefattar både teoretiskt och praktiskt kunnande. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka undersköterskornas upplevelser av att handleda sjuksköterskestudenter under deras verksamhetsförlagda utbildning i termin 2 på sjuksköterskeprogrammet. Metod: Kvalitativ intervjustudie med deskriptiv design.

This study was performed in order to investigate the difficulty in diagnosing retrobulbar disease with ultrasound. A retrospective study was accomplished to investigate the use of ultrasound in patients with suspected retrobulbar problems, and how often the examination is diagnostic. The computer based patient files, at the University of Agricultural Science in Uppsala, were searched for dogs with suspected retrobulbar disease. During 1999-01-01-2004-04-14, 14 patients fulfilling the search criteria were found. The patient records were studied, and the written reports from the ultrasound examinations were compared with the printed pictures from the examinations.

This study was conducted in the Master program at The Music Pedagogical Center (MPC) at The Royal College of Music in Stockholm. Korta musikresor (Short Music Journeys) is the Swedish term used for a receptive method of music therapy adapted from the tradition of The Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music (BMGIM) and the theory and practice of Expressive Arts Therapy. The KMR method uses carefully selected short pieces of music, lasting between 2 and 5 minutes, to work on various psychological problems and life- crises. The music session is conducted in a slightly altered state of consciousness with a clear focus being established beforehand in a verbal dialogue with the psychotherapist. There is also the possibility of using artwork to process and explore the imagery after the music listening.

Ekberg, A & Lidfors, J Manlig omvårdnadshandledningsgrupp. En kvalitativ studie om faktorer som påverkar upplevelserna, förväntningarna samt yrkesidentiteten vid deltagande i en homogen omvårdnadshandledningsgrupp. Examinationsarbete i omvårdnad 10 poäng. Malmö Högskola: Hälsa och Samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2006. Omvårdnadshandledning har utvecklats och definieras som ett stödjande forum där möjlighet ges att reflektera över upplevelser, tankar och känslor i olika omvårdnadssituationer. Vid sjuksköterskeutbildningen introduceras omvårdnadshandledning för att studenterna ska ges möjlighet att utveckla ett yrkesetiskt riktigt förhållningssätt samt att kombinera teori och praktik.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Alpha-linolenic acid from flaxseed oil and effects on blood pressure ? A systematic reviewAuthor: Christine Hårdfelt och Liduina van SitterenSupervisor: Helen LindqvistExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 9th, 2014Background: High blood pressure is strongly associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. ALA-fatty acids have previously been associated with decreased blood pressure. Flaxseed oil is very rich in these fatty acids and has also been highlighted as an affordable and sustainable source.Objective: To investigate whether ALA-fatty acids from flaxseed oil may affect blood pressure in people with high risk for cardiovascular disease.Search strategy: Two searches in PubMed and Scopus were performed. The sample was specified by using specific keywords.Selection criteria: The criteria for inclusion of studies required that flaxseed oil was compared with a control and that blood pressure was measured as an endpoint.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Cow?s milk and chronic constipation in children ? A systematic reviewAuthor: Sara Palm & Anna SvenssonSupervisor: Frode SlindeExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 27, 2014Background: Chronic functional constipation is common among children. Up to a third of all who seek a paediatrician suffer from constipation and it is a widespread problem for children in many countries. Lately it has been discussed if cow?s milk can be a cause of the constipation and if it should be considered a delayed hypersensitivity.Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to examine whether there is scientific evidence to recommend a cow?s milk-free diet as a potential treatment in chronically constipated children.Search strategy: The literature searches were performed in the databases Pubmed, Scopus and the Cochrane library, using the search terms cow?s milk, constipation, milk proteins, dairy products, milk hypersensitivity, cow milk and cows milk between March 17th and April 4th 2014.Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials measuring stool frequency in chronically constipated children on a cow?s milk-free diet were included.

In this essay I present an outline and examination of the Finnish Luther research, withan aim to learn more about some different aspects of Luther?s teaching on justificationas sanctification, and sanctification as the growth of the new man. I will also draw myattention to the formal language of metaphysics, as it is continuously employed by Luther to depict the issues and the content of his reformation theology. Apart from the program of research in Helsinki, I have turned to the writings of Luther himself; and I have as well tried to engage in a broader survey of Luther-scholars, some of which seem to, or in fact, support the Finnish interpretation, others which raise a critical stance towards it. The later portion of the essay picks up on the Finnish critique of dominant 19th and 20th century German Lutheran theologians, such as Albrecht Ritschl and Gerhard Ebeling.

In healthcare there is a rapid development towards introducing and implementing a wide range of information technology (IT) to aim for higher quality and more effective care. A common health information system (Cambio Cosmic) has been implemented in Landstinget Kronoberg. Clinical microsystems are the frontline units where staff and pa-tient meet. When the conditions in the microsystems are changed, it is interesting to de-scribe and analyse the consequences.The purpose of this study is to describe how health care staff uses a health information sys-tem and how they experience its functionality in their patient work. Initially, a literature re-view about the use of health information system was undertaken, followed by a qualitative case study based on interviews about how healthcare staff describes their reality.