This thesis aims at analysing conflicts between different ideals of democracy, using the example of a newly implemented citizen´s initiative reform. This reform gives citizens the right to make policy proposals to Swedish municipal councils. The proposals are to be handled in the same way as proposals from the municipal council members. An ideology analysis of various government documents as well as of an official state study (SOU) is carried out to identify and discuss the ideals of democracy that underpin the reform. The analysis is based on participatory democracy and electoral democracy theory and Arnstein's Eight Rungs on the Ladder of Citizen Participation is used to discuss different types of participation by the citizens.

The aim of this essay is to study and show the contents of the music repertoire that is used in live action role plays in Sweden and study how this repertoire is spread between participants in the culture of live action role playing.Four informants have been chosen and interviewed, three men and one woman of different ages from different places in Sweden. They have all been practicing live action role playing for some years.Some of the conclusions that can be drawn from this study is that the participants of this hobby culture value music that feels old and contribute to the illusion of another world and time. The music repertoire of the live action role playing culture is filled with this music that gives the participants associations in line with the illusion. That is more important than the real age of the music. Another interesting conclusion is that the participants learn and spread the melodies verbally to each other and only the texts spread on the internet..

Laura Mulvey was the first to suggest that women and men have different positions on the screen; men drives the plot forward, and the women are objects of masculine desire and lust.The purpose of this report was to look at and compare the two characters from the 70?s - and 80's with two characters from the 00?s - and 2010?s to gain a deeper understanding and insight into how female action heroes are presented. This will be done with the help of the questions; How is the female action heroes that are analyzed in the paper?What are the differences and similarities between the past and the present-day action heroes? Just how stereotypical are the women in their genre? The four female action heroes that were analyzed were; Princess Leia Star Wars, Sarah Connor Terminator and Lisbeth Salander Men Who Hates Women and Katniss Everdeen The Hunger Games.The four female action heroes were analyzed based on Rikke Schubarts categories (Moderarketypen, Amazon, Dotterarketypen, Ha?mnerskan and Dominatrix), the character's personal development, the character's violence and the reason for the character's.Characters from the past were more often presented as more uncertain and fragile than the modern confident characters. The female action heroes of modern times was more independent, strong, and in no need of a man in comparison with contemporary female action heroes.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker vikten av fyra av Disneys 12 animationsprinciper i ansiktsanimation för 3D. De principer som undersöks är Anticipation, Followthrough and Overlapping action, Appeal och Secondary action. Detta prövas genom att först skapa en originalanimation, där alla Disneys animationsprinciper används, och därefter skapa fyra ytterligare, separata, animationer där en av detidigare nämnda principerna tas bort. Dessa animationer visades sedan för sex testpersoner som därefter fick svara frågor i en intervju. Det märktes tydligt att alla av de fyra testade principerna är viktiga för en animation, dock var avsaknaden av Appeal eller Secondary action tydligast..

Since the role of the libraries as merely a place for loans has decreased, the importance of giving the visitors a total experience has increased.The aim of my thesis was to investigate whether a change in the sound environment at the library of Jokkmokk could generate more satisfied visitors, whether they are borrowers or use the library for other purposes. The change in the sound environment was to be effected by means of a background sound experiment in the magazine room at the library. Action research was used as a research strategy and observations and interviews as method to collect data.The experiment was conducted with two selected sounds of nature: birdsong and a rippling brook. The observations and interviews were executeted in three stages: 1. Without any background sound.

Metoder används idag i princip vid all utveckling av informationssystem. Undersökningar som gjorts visar dock att de sällan följs på det sätt skaparna av metoderna avsåg utan att systemutvecklare av olika orsaker modifierar eller skräddarsyr dessa metoder och därigenom skapar en Method- in-Action. Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att genom kvalitativa intervjuer undersöka systemutvecklarens metodanvändning samt studera vilka faktorer som påverkar när systemutvecklaren skapar en Method-in-Action. Några av de slutsatser vi dragit av denna undersökning är att nyttan tid, storlek, vana, visualisering och trend är faktorer som påverkar sammansättningen av en Method-in-Action och att systemutvecklare oftast använder en eller högst två metoder i sitt arbete..

Växjö University, School of Social SciencesBachelor ThesisTitel: Minijob ? en tysk arbetsmarknadspolitisk åtgärdAuthor: Hanna PeterssonSupervisor: Lennart BergfeldtI?ve made a descriptional evaluation of the tax-free low-income action from Germany, Minijob. If the employees earns maximum 400 ? a month they don?t have to pay any tax. The employer pays an employer?s fee of 30 %.

In this essay I have examined text, speech and action in Chekhov's Three sisters, as well as how the characters express their wills in action and in speech. I have used different methods such as action analysis, the five W questions and BSI (background, situation and intention). These methods are similar to those actors use to uncover situatedness of characters and to find motivated and intentional patterns behind their actions.I have used these techniques to identify the plot, explore what happened before the plot begins and to read the text in terms of action. The aim was also to find the counter points where wills expressed in action are contradicted by wills expressed in speech. Using these methods I found that the characters in Three sisters manage their lives dreaming about the future or recalling the past, except the character Natasha.

Detta examensarbete handlar om orten Tärnaby som i dagsläget står stilla i utvecklingen. Detta har bidragit till en negativ trend som snabbt sprider sig. Syftet med detta arbete är att jobba med Tärnaby med hjälp av en metod som heter Participatory Design - ett gemensamt skapande där jag och min klasskompis Hanna Weinmar har jobbat tillsammans med ortsborna för att hitta en lösning som passar och är relevant för dem och för Tärnaby. Detta arbete har resulterat i en hemsida som heter Mitt Tärnaby som har syftet att sprida Tärnabornas idéer och hjälpa dem att hitta samarbeten som kan förverkliga dessa tankar och idéer. Ett forum där de kan kommunicera med varandra, för att bygga upp Tärnaby och det som finns där idag med hjälp av varandra..

The purpose of this essay is to identify how violence against women is understood in the government's policy action plan called Handlingsplan för att bekämpa mäns våld mot kvinnor, hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck samt våld i samkönade relationer. The main issue that the study is based on, is whether there is a feminist gendered understanding that permeates the action plan. To examine this, I have formulated two more specific questions:     - What is considered to be the main problem of men's violence against women?     - What is considered to be the reasons for men's violence against women?    The empirical material of the study consists of the government's action plan. With the help of Carol Bacchis discourse analytical approach "What's the problem approach", important patterns in the material have been detected.

The purpose of this study is to learn about educationalists´ apprehensions and their experiences of working with action programmes within the compulsory school's earlier years. Two issues have been composed in order to meet this purpose. They are also the foundation of the interview questions, which are enclosed at the end of the essay.The purpose with the issues is to look into educationalists´ work with action programmes. Another purpose is to find out how they consider an action programme should be formulated in order to function as a support for students in need of special aid.From the study the result shows that the apprehensions of working with action programmes are separating from one teacher to another. The informants of the study indicate the importance differs inviting both pupils and parents to participate in the entire process.

This essay seeks to analyze the consequences of modern information and communication technology for collective action within the framework of social movements. With references to the protests in Seattle 1999, the essay argues that the emergence of distributed collective action is closely related to the use of technology, for example cell phones and Internet. This distributed collective action can be characterized by its decentralized and self-organizing features, forming a global pattern emerging from local interactions. Whereas contemporary theories of collective action can be ´stretched´ to fit these aspects, they lack analytical tools to describe and analyze such systems. Further, their rejection of classical crowd theory is problematic, since it contains valuable insights.

Eftersom andelen äldre som är i behov av vård- och omsorg ökar i samhället kommer även anhörigvårdare att öka och i många fall kan det innebära en tung börda, isolering och ensamhet. ACTION-tjänsten är en form av IKT-baserat anhörigstöd som kan vara ett komplement till andra former av stöd till anhöriga. Med IKT menas Informations och Kommunikations Teknologi. Tidigare forskning om vård- och omsorgspersonalens upplevelser och erfarenheter av att arbeta med ACTION-tjänsten är knapphändig. Syftet med studien var att beskriva vård- och omsorgspersonalens erfarenheter av att stödja äldre och anhöriga som vårdar sina äldre närstående i hemmet, via ACTION-tjänsten.

The aim of this thesis is to explore the institutional design of Participatory Budgeting (PB) in Sweden and how the design may contribute to realize central democratic goods. The study records the different PB experiences in Sweden and focuses on one particular case, which is the only case that successfully qualifies as a genuine PB-process according to international standards and definitions. To examine this, the following questions are asked: which municipalities in Sweden have implemented Participatory Budgeting? How can the institutional design of Participatory Budgeting be described and to what extent does it enable the realization of central democratic goods? To what extent does the institutional design enable the realization of the democratic goods inclusion, popular control, considered judgment and transparency? To what extent does the institutional design enable the realization of the institutional goods of efficiency and transferability?The study is based on an institutional theory of democracy. The method used is a mixed method ideal type analysis that combines document analysis, surveys and interviews.

Directive 2006/54/EG from the European Union concerns the equal rights between men and woman and the principle of equal rights. The purpose of the directive is that the member states provide the equal rights between men and woman. Affirmative action is one exception from the principle of equal rights which is settled in directive 2006/54/EG, article 3. The purpose for the affirmative action must be to encourage the equal rights between men and women.EU has specific criteria to use affirmative action, which is created by praxis of the Court of Justice of the European Union. These criteria are that the affirmative action must involve an objective assessment, there must be equal qualifications between the person which is affirmative action and the person who is not, the positive action cannot be automatically decisive and this special treatment should be proportionate to the purpose.