Innan insulinets upptäckt 1920 behandlades diabetespatienter med lågkolhydratkost. Enligt tidigare forskning om lågkolhydratkost framkom bra resultat gällande det minskade insulin behovet och förbättrade HbA1c värden. Omvårdsteoretikern Dorothea Orems omvårdnadsmodell innebär att en människa utför handlingar för sin egen skull för att upprätthålla hälsa. Människor med diabetes typ 2 har stort ansvar gällande egenvårdsaktiviteter för att öka välbefinnande och hälsa. Syftet med studien var att beskriva erfarenheter av egenvård hos människor med diabetes typ 2 som äter LCHF-kost.

Bakgrund: Sedan 1994 har distriktssköterskor fått förskriva läkemedel utifrån en lista som Socialstyrelsen ger ut och som revideras kontinuerligt. I en uppföljning som Socialstyrelsen gjorde 2004 sågs att distriktssköterskor trots att de såg klara fördelar med förskrivningsrätten ändå var väldigt försiktiga med att förskriva läkemedel. I Sverige har det inte genomförts så många studier när det gäller förskrivningsrätten och dess betydelse för distriktssköterskan i omvårdnaden och vilka faktorer som påverkar att förskriva läkemedel. Syfte: Att belysa distriktssköterskans upplevelse av förskrivningsrätten. Metod: I studien deltog 10 distriktssköterskor med förskrivningsrätt utifrån ett ?snöbolls urval? från tre olika vårdcentraler.

This study examines implementation from national law in to local practice in the district of Kalmar to assure newly arrived immigrants orientation in civics. The study takes its starting point in Lipskys theory about street-level bureaucracy.  Questions that are discussed are about how  the education is understood by refugee?s coordinators, civic communicators and the new immigrates, how the organization has been and what role the demography and economic structures has played for the organization. It is a case study where interviews and enquete has been used.

Conjunctival swabs from 12 cats in a Swedish animal shelter were analyzed by real-time PCR for FHV-1, Mycoplasma felis and chlamydiae. The purpose of this study was to see whether and to what extent these agents can be detected and if they were detected from cats housed in quarantine or in the adoption department. Samples were first taken upon arrival at the quarantine and then a second sample was taken two weeks after moving to the adoption department, or upon presentation of signs of disease. The cats spent the quarantine period in two separate quarantines: five in a new quarantine (quarantine A) and seven in a room in the old shelter (quarantine B). The difference between these quarantines was that in B the cats were often mixed together ant the hygiene routines were not as good as in quarantine A.

SammanfattningDenna studie ämnar till att bredda kunskap kring sexual debut i Rwanda, där forskning i en afrikansk kontext kopplar tidig ålder vid sexual debut samt föräktenskapligt sex till ett riskfyllt sexuellt beteende. Eftersom att risken för ökat antal sex partners samt oskyddat sex stiger, vilket kan leda till oönskade effekter så som sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar och oönskade graviditeter. Rwanda är ett land som drabbats hårt av HIV spridning framförallt som en konsekvens av oskyddat samlag. Därför anser vi att en studie kring sexuellt beteende är ett viktigt område att belysa. Uppsatsen avser att studera vilka faktorer som kan tänkas ha ett samband med ålder vid sexual debut, kontrollerat för om första samlaget skedde innan äktenskapet eller efter.

Arbetets strävan är att ge en sammanhållen bild av den sociala snedrekryteringen som en process vilken tar sin början redan under grundskolans första år och vilken till del är språkligt betingad. Uppsatsen inleds med en beskrivning av den sociala snedrekryteringens process och omfattning, vilket följs av en överblick av språksociologiska förklaringsmodeller till fenomenet. Därpå presenteras och diskuteras material från det svenska forskningsfältet. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka och redogöra för på vilket sätt socialt betingade språkskillnader bidrar till den sociala snedrekryteringen till högre studier. För att åstadkomma detta har en teoretisk studie gjorts där så väl empiriska som teoretiska studier granskats och sammanförts.

I förskolan sker det hela tiden möten mellan barn och vuxna och dessa möten har en stor inverkan på barns utveckling. Vi valde att göra denna undersökning då syftet var att se vad förskollärare har för förhållningssätt till genus i barnböcker. Studien har genomförts genom intervjuer med tre förskollärare i två olika kommuner i Mellansverige. Intervjuernas resultat har varit grunden för underlag till vår analys och diskussion. I resultatet framgick det att förskollärares förhållningssätt till genus är viktigt för utvecklandet av barns värderingar och attityder kring könsroller och att barnböcker kan vara ett sätt att överföra dessa värderingar på.

  Aim. The aim of the study was to describe how nurses in home care experience to pursue palliative care in ordinary housing. Methods. The study had a descriptive design with qualitative approach and was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 14 nurses in home health care from two medium-sized Swedish municipalities. The material was analyzed with manifest and latent content analysis. Findings. The underlying theme that emerged in the study was: Working with palliative care in the patient´s own homes is positive but challenging. Informants describe among other things that they perceived palliative home care as meaningful and that relatives have a central role in the palliative home care since they are close to the patient around the clock. The stress that emerges from the heavy work load and the long geographic distances are described as strenuous and to affect the care in a negative way. Informants describe the home environment as challenging as it is often not adapted for care and the collaboration with the palliative team is described to be experienced as both positive and negative.

Teachers in social sciences have a broad subject field to base their education on. This term paper examines, thru interviews, which factors that have an influence on the subjects contents in the A course of Social Sciences at Swedish high schools. Having interviewed four active teachers at three different schools, it shows that control documents like subject- and national curricula have little to say about what kind of subject that should been taught. Teachers seem rather to rely on local collegiate consensus, the textbook, locally prepared control documents, and adjusting to program directions while choosing material. In the final discussion the risk of structuring the subject around the text book is being investigated, along the fact that new locally control documents need to be written even for basic planning structures.

This essay casts light on the quantitative aspect of the media representation of foreign news. The purpose of the essay is not only to describe the media representation of the countries of the world, but also to explain the representation out of structures that are mirrored by the mass media. Four hypotheses are stated that are operationalized in the research. These are treating four different factors that are believed to affect the representation, economy, geographical distance, cultural distance and the size of the population. A fifth hypothesis is stating that economy is the most influential of the factors.

This essay will analyse how Asperger?s syndrome and autism spectrum disorder is made in two municipal high schools. I have interviewed school personnel and analysed the schools? policy documents and diagnostic manuals. In this essay AS and ASD are being deconstructed as political and ideological object and I analyse techniques in school, that makes these objects to subjects.The school?s mission is to foster and educate pupils to become desirable citizens and at the same time its aim is to provide an equivalent school.

The purpose of this essay was to examine the role of the acquisition of the Swedish language for integration of adult immigrants given by the seven parties currently in the parliament and other players on the field. The questions were meant to bring light upon the arguments used by the different players concerning the role of the Swedish language, to enlighten which discourses that are constructed, and the contradictions that exist between these. We parted from a postmodern position and used social constructionism to back up our method and theory of analysis; discourse theory. The results revealed three different discourses concerning the role of the Swedish language in the integration process; the liberal discourse, the discrimination discourse and the social democratic discourse. The liberal discourse claims that immigrants have a responsibility to learn Swedish to be able to achieve employment and to provide for themselves.

Nanotechnology, one of the most interesting sciences today will no doubt have an enourmous impact on tomorrow's society and industry. One of the most interesting nanomaterial that has been discovered is the semiconductor quantum dot (QD). This material shows interesting novel properties such as a size-dependent band gap, which is an effect caused by the quantum confinement effect in all three dimensions. Due to this phenomenon the absorption spectrum can be tuned to the desired value by adjusting the size of the QD.This thesis aims to investigate how the solvent ratio of H2O/Ethanol affects the optical and structural properties of copper sulfide QDs manufactured in a chemical synthesis way using modern microwave heating. The process of manufacturing QDs using chemical synthesis often involve a capping-agent to prevent the QDs from agglomerate into bigger structures.

This bachelor thesis has the purpose to visualize and document the air movementsprovided by different ventilation principles in an operating theatre. The visualizationwill be made as simple as possible in a physical model. The model and thedocumentation should be able to use in educational purposes.The study is based on the two most common systems for airflow, currently used inoperating theatres. The first principle is displacement ventilation in which the air issupplied at low velocity along the floor. The second principle is vertical parallel laminarairflow in which the air is compressed like a piston from ceiling to the floor.A review of literature resulted in the choice of size, design, and scale factor for themodel, as well as choices of ventilation principles and airflows.

Changes in media technology and markets create new demands and challenges for society. The relationship between sport and the media is an example. Sport as a form of entertainment provides pleasure and excitement for the audience and high ratings for networks and media companies. This study examines elite athletes? views of media coverage and the extent to which such coverage affects their athletic performance.