Term: Spring term 2007Study objects: Reitan Servicehandel AB, Vi-butikerna, ICA Sverige ABPurpose: The purpose of this study is to analyse how procurement is used as a strategy to achieve better competitive strength, within the retail food industry.Theoretical: The theoretical chapter illustrates different procurement organisations, multiple and single sourcing, brand equity, consumer behaviour and involvement, Efficient Consumer Response including supply chain and category management and finally Demand Chain Management.Method: For the case studies, three food retail companies have been interviewed: Reitan Servicehandel AB, Vi-butikerna and ICA AB. To illustrate how consumer behaviour influences retail food market, several secondary consumer research studies have been analysed.Conclusions: The results indicate that the procurement organisation can achieve a better competitive strength by a centralised organisation, which make it possible to improve conditions of terms when ordering higher purchase volumes. The sourcing strategies can improve a company?s power within the supply chain. All companies within the study had a very good knowledge about consumer behaviour.

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to investigate the views Swedish elementary school teachers produce on the subject of ethics. The teachers? thoughts on selection among ethical notions is described and also how these notions are assessed. The essay proceeds from the central content and the knowledge requirement in the syllabus of religious knowledge.The empirical survey is based on qualitative scientific interviews with four teachers employed in grades 4-6 at different schools.The teachers find ethics in its current state of the syllabus hard to define and they find encounters with parents and pupils difficult in their tasks. The selection of ethics is decided by previously planned basic values education or from conflicts erupting during schools hours.

Syfte: Att studera vilka faktorer som har orsakssamband med tandvårdsrädsla hos barn och ungdomar.Material och metod: Litteraturstudien är en litteraturöversikt av utgivna vetenskapliga artiklar som berör tandvårdsrädsla och dess orsaker hos barn och ungdomar. Sökning och bedömning av relevanta vetenskapliga artiklar har gjorts i avsikt att hitta svaret på studiens syfte. Kvantitativa studier inkluderades i studien. Artiklar som publicerades före 2000-talet exkluderades.Resultat: Resultatet visade att barnets tandvårdsrädsla är associerat med föräldrarnas tandvårdsrädsla. Obehaglig upplevelse vid tandvårdsbesök bidrar till tandvårdsrädsla.

Background: Every year, 2000 persons in Sweden are diagnosed with malignant melanoma, the most alarming form of skincancer. Sunexposure, sunburns and tanningbed use are the most appearing causes in the development of this disease. The skin of young people is sensitive to UV-radiation and their sunbehaviour could be determinant to their future health. Purpose: To illuminate the knowledge and attitudes of adolescents towards sunexposure in the meaning to avoid the development of malignant melanoma. Method: The study was designed to be a literature review, containing scientific articles of both qualitative and quantitative approach.

Studiens syfte är att studera yrkesverksammas beskrivning av deras arbete med barn i familjer med alkoholmissbruksproblematik. Utifrån det vill vi även belysa de olika stödmetoder som de använder sig av i sitt arbete. Vi använde oss av en kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Intervjuerna var halvstrukturerade och en intervjuguide användes vid de olika intervjutillfällena. Resultatet visar på att den vanligaste hjälpmetoden för barn med missbrukande föräldrar är stödgrupper i olika former.

The study deals with young people with visual impairment and their choices of upper secondary school, what is behind and how they are affected by other aspects and other people around them. It also describes how these students experience the career counseling they received for the election. This has been the purpose of the study and was examined through qualitative method and interviews with five young people aged 15 to 21 years with severe visual impairment or blindness. The results and conclusion is that these young people are greatly affected by their parents in choice of upper secondary school and that the school?s attitude to the pupil has a major impact on whether the pupil chooses the school.

Bakgrund:Att få sitt barn inlagt på sjukhus är en stor förändring för föräldrar. Detta kan leda till många olika känslomässiga upplevelser som kan skapa en obalans i familjen. För vårdpersonal är det viktigt att ha kunskap om detta så att familjen kan få en god omvårdnad och en bra upplevelse av sjukhusvistelsen med sitt barn. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva föräldrars erfarenheter och upplevelser av omvårdnad i samband med sjukhusvistelser med sitt barn. Metod: Studien har genomförts som en allmän litteraturstudie genom systematisk granskning och sammanställning av vetenskapliga artiklar.

SIDA?s relief work in Bosnia aims at making the country ready for a membership in the EU where the main focus lies in the creation of a sustainable state as well as liberalizing the market to create an increased economic cooperation between Bosnia and the rest of Europe. These ambitions are closely related to the neo-liberal theory of state building which aims at creating democratic societies in line with the western democracy model, with a liberal economy constituting its base. Despite generous financial aid, the democratic and economic development in Bosnia is moving very slowly and the ethnical tensions seem to grow despite international involvement in the country. The purpose of this study is to evaluate SIDA?s present relief work in Bosnia out of a peace perspective.

Syftet var att beskriva erfarenheter från föräldrar med långvarig smärta av hur deras delaktighet i aktiviteter med barnen påverkas. En kvalitativ metod valdes och totalt åtta kvinnor mellan 37-52 år intervjuades. Den kvalitativa innehållsanalysen resulterade i fyra kategorier: ?Barnen får ta ansvar för aktiviteter?,? Deltar utifrån egna förutsättningar?, ?Behov av stöd från andra personer? och ?Behov av att planera aktiviteter?. Resultatet visar att barnen får ta ett stort ansvar för egna aktiviteter och för hushållsaktiviteter.

De traditionella flygbolagen verkar idag på en konkurrensutsatt marknad. Då flygbolagen ofta är statligt ägda präglas de av byråkratiska och komplexa beslutsprocesser. I flygbolagens omgivning finns ett flertal olika intressenter, däribland fackförbund. Dessa kan ha en ansenlig inverkan på flygbolagen. Uppsatsen kommer att utgå ifrån en deduktiv ansats där kvalitativa intervjuer samt en kvantitativ enkätundersökning kommer att genomföras.

Our study aims to investigate whether resilient children share common factors that could explain them not following the expected course of development for said group. The study also sets out to explore which strategies resilient children implement in order to cope with their situation.The study is based on the following questions:How do resilient children describe their experiences from growing up with parents with substance abuse problems? What risk and protective factors do they mention in their biographies?We use the system theory and Goffman's dramaturgic perspective as analytical tools.  The system theory could help us see the family as a system, while Goffman's theory might help us understand how resilient children find different strategies, and why they implement these strategies, to hide their family problems.The results show that the most important factors with a positive effect on resilient children were: to have somebody else important in their lives, to have goals in life, to have a safe haven, to think independently and to develop a high level of independence early in life..

In our essay we examine the different introduction models that are practiced in preschool. The central question is if the different models have any importance (or consequences) for the children?s connection in preschool. In the two different cases we will present, one based upon preparatory training that was applied during the 1990s and another that is currently used today.The purpose with this essay was to get a deeper understanding for the child?s attachment to preschool and for how we, as educators should act during the preparatory training to create a secure foundation for the child.

Background: When a parent loses its child life will change drastically and assume other conditions. The loss of a child affects the whole human existence, the grief can be very intense as well as in-depth and find expression both on an emotional, physical, mental and spiritual level. Aim: The aim is to describe parents? experiences of losing a child to illness. Method: Graneheim and Lundmans manifest content analysis method was used to the method based on qualitative raw material in forms of three Swedish autobiographies.

The aim of the present study was to investigate high school students? ways of discussing smoking and prevention of smoking. A total of eight high school students participated in the study. Two focus groups were used to collect data, one of smokers and one of nonsmokers. Data were analyzed with inductive content analysis.

Initiativet till projektet togs av tandvårdspersonal på Specialisttandvården i Halmstad då de upplevde problem vid arbete med oral protetik. Problemet, som projektet även bygger på, innebär att komponenter tappas och på grund av gravitationen samt patientens position riskeras att inhaleras eller sväljas. Detta innebär ett stress- och orosmoment, vilket bidrar till en försämrad psykosocial arbetsmiljö för tandvårdspersonalen. 2008 infördes det statliga tandvårdsstödet i Sverige vilket innebär en reducerad kostnad för protetikingrepp som lett till att fler har råd med oral protetik. Därför blir problemet mer och mer utbrett, vilket gjort kravet på en lösning mer eftertraktad. I projektet har dynamisk produktutveckling tillämpats med stort fokus på involvering av framtida användare. Artikelsökning, observation och enkätundersökning i genomförd produktdefinitionsfas lade grunden till projektet.