The new information society has revolutionised almost the entire world. But the new technique does not only bring good. That which was before only available on paper may today only be available on a computer system. This makes it possible to send data electronically. In the wrong hands that information can become a threat against the security of an individual, a company or even a nation.

This paper examines the consequences of membership and participation in immigrant associations on individual immigrants? political integration and indirect political participation with reference to Swedish society. The theoretical underpinnings consist of a social structural outlook on social capital, combined with the Civic Voluntarism Model, both of which focus on the potential role of social networks for moving people into political action. After a presentation of parallel qualitative data over the experiences of individual members in a Finnish and Bosnian-Hercegovinian organisation, it is suggested that immigrant associations support the political integration of their members into the host society. Firstly, the case studies indicate that members of immigrant associations gain the opportunity to augment their civic skills, which is a significant prerequisite for political participation.

I augusti 1914 invaderade Tyskland sitt västra grannland Belgien, som förklarat sig neutralt i konflikten mellan centralmakterna och de allierade. Belgarnas försvar byggde på den uttalade politiska viljan att vara neutral och var därför inte kraftsamlat i någon riktning. Tysklands anfall inleddes med en attack på de stora fasta försvarsanläggningarna vid Liège. Försvaret var knutet till de fasta försvarsanläggningarna uppförda 40 år tidigare. Trots relativt små medel och dåliga förberedelser lyckades försvararna göra väl ifrån sig.

The current debate regarding organizational strategies for sustainabledevelopment is influenced by the theory of global governance. Decentralizedstructures of the global society are taken to use in the realization of a sustainabledevelopment. New roles of transnational networks and partnerships raisesquestions of the ability of global governance to co-ordinate and implement longtermsolutions without assistance from centralized and hierarchic structures basedon government. The aim for this thesis is to illustrate the current conditions forwell-functioning networks of sustainable development and examine therelationship between global governance and government. Issues of participation,decision making and compliance are examined by a case study of the Marrakechprocess, a global process to support the implementation of sustainableconsumption and production.

The function of traditional leaders in the modern states of Africa has been under debate for decades. The dominant research discourse suggests that these institutions should be integrated into the state in order to minimize the amount of parallel political spheres, since the latters are considered to affect state legitimacy negatively. But are the states in a situation where they need to compete with the traditional institutions in order to gain more legitimacy? If so, is the struggle for legitimacy a zero-sum game where there can only be one winner? Or is it possible for these institutions to co-exist or even benefit from each other? The aim of this bachelor?s thesis is to research if, and to what extent, African citizens? confidence in traditional institutions has an effect on state legitimacy. This has been done by statistically analyzing the data from the latest completed round of the Afrobarometer survey, a study that has been conducted in 20 different countries across West- and Northeast Africa.

Reklambrus och mediebrus är begrepp som blivit aktuella inom reklambranschen under de senaste åren. Den privata lika väl som den offentliga sfären är ständigt under attack av reklammakarnas tunga budskapsartilleri. Medborgarna har börjat bli immuna mot reklam och reklammakarna måste hitta nya vägar för att nå fram till dem. Med mer och mer reklam omkring är risken stor att övrig kommunikation inte når fram. Den kommunikation vi författare ser i det offentliga rummet är främst marknadskommunikation i form av reklam.

Varje dag drabbas cirka 100 personer av hjärtinfarkt i Sverige, vilket visar att hjärtinfarkt är ett stort samhällsproblem. Det är viktigt att skapa en samlad bild av dessa patienters upplevelser av hälsa och välbefinnande i vardagen för att vårdpersonal ska kunna genomföra en god omvårdnad. Syftet med studien är därför att med hjälp av Katie Erikssons hälsokors belysa patienters upplevelser av hälsa och välbefinnande i vardagen efter en hjärtinfarkt. Metoden som har använts är en kvalitativ litteraturstudie som baserats på självbiografier. I resultatet togs sju kategorier fram som speglar patienternas upplevelser i vardagen.

In this study we are seeking to discover the norms in the design of logotypes and how they havechanged over time. To achieve this we have chosen to analyze the logotypes of twenty companies withthe largest expenditure on advertising in Sweden. We mapped chosen design attributes within the logoto discover the similarities and then we selected the five oldest brands to analyze how their logos havechanged over time. The design changes in the logotypes over time is can be related to the changingattitudes of the general public and the designers ambitions to draw on convention to create iconic designthat will spark brand-recognition. However many changes can?t be directly explained through changesin convention.

This master thesis deals with the theme of memory, it is through an artistic process I have investigated and peeled off to a specific memory, the hut. It is in the work of the personal memory through a craft process it transforms into something public. The hut is constructed out of corrugated boxes, corrugated boxes casted in clay. To cast an object differs according to me from sculpting the object; it is the function rather than the sensual feeling that is sought after. It is about the clarity and accuracy through the casted object that suggest something vague and indeterminate.

The objective of this literature study was to describe how the school nurse can adopt the salutogenic perspective in her health promoting work. The articles were examined in order to identify what was written about the school nurse?s work from the salutogenic perspective. In parallel, Eriksson?s, Orem?s, and Newman?s nursing theories were examined from the same perspective.

Since 2003 Saudi Arabia is under attack from domestic Al Qaida-cells which, by random shootings of westerners and bombings of compounds and official state buildings, is trying to challenge the stability of the royal regime. According to Al Qaida, the Royal family is attacked because of their friendly relations to the US and for not implementing Islam in the Saudi society as profound as they ought to. Political analyst finds it obvious that the Islamic Al Qaida-cells by terrorism is trying to erode the stability in the kingdom.An important foundation for stability for any government is legitimacy. The aim of this thesis is to examine the royal legitimacy strategy in the state bureaucracy of Saudi Arabia. The question at issue is: how has the royal family constructed the civil, military and religious bureaucracies to maintain and promote stability and legitimacy?The thesis focuses on the on three different units within these three bureaucracies and it surveys the way they are staffed and organized to strengthen and maintain legitimacy for the royal family.

The effects of anthropogenic climate change are becoming more and more visible as being highlighted by scientists, politicians and media. The causes of droughts, floods, melting ice caps and rising sea levels can all partially be traced back to human activities. In this study, I examine where the future climate refugees of Kiribati, Tuvalu and the Marshall Islands should go when inhabitants of these low lying island nations are forced to leave their disappearing territories due to sea level rise. By using a normative method of analysis i egentlig mening, arguments deriving from certain values will be presented to confront the problem. These values originate from Edward A.

The Swedish stock-market gives investors an opportunity to benefit from the global growth while financing companies invests and contributes to a socio-economic development. Parallel to the ownership of the funds also follows a responsibility as companies in the funds affect society and the environment. The growth of savings in funds, combined with an increased focus on sustainability has developed SRI (socially responsible investment). Therefore it is interesting to examine whether responsibility is an exception, which only concerns SRI-funds or a general principle, which includes the whole Swedish stock-market.The results of the survey makes it clear that all the Swedish major banks actively works to integrate sustainability within the respective bank's business to achieve a more sustainable financial system. Thus concludes the investigation that responsible investments are a general principle on the Swedish mutual stock-market.How responsibility is integrated in fund management differ between the banks.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att undersöka på vilket sätt attacker utförda av al-Qaida kanhänföras till begreppet asymmetri och på vilket sätt man kan tolka den amerikanska administrationensrespons på dessa som uttryck för ett linjärt tänkande. Vidare vill jag undersöka vilka svårigheter somkan uppstå i relationen mellan en linjär omvärldsuppfattning och asymmetriska metoder. För attuppfylla syftet med uppsatsen kommer tre av al-Qaidas attacker att studeras. Dessa är: attacken mot deamerikanska ambassaderna i Afrika, 1998, attacken mot USS Cole, 2000 och attacken 11 september,2001. Rapporterna från den amerikanska administrationen efter respektive attack kommer att utgöragrunden i mitt empiriska material.

The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of performing inter-species embryo transfer under actual field conditions in the natural habitat of South American camelids. In this study embryos from llamas were transferred to alpaca recipients. In a parallel study alpaca embryos were transferred to llama recipients. All animals used were free of uterine and ovarian abnormalities detectable by rectal palpation and /or ultrasound examination. Embryos were harvested twice after single ovulation in 10 mated female llamas and non-surgically transferred to synchronized alpaca recipients.