Bakgrund: Mycket i litteraturen tyder på att ouppmärksammad och underbehandlad smärta hos äldre demenssjuka är vanligt förekommande. Detta strider mot principerna om människors lika värde, den enskildes värdighet och det humana i att lindra. Det finns många typer av demenssjukdom och attityden förekommer att demenssjuka inte känner smärta. Demenssjuka har ofta problem med att kommunicera eller lokalisera smärtan. Observations- och självsmärtskattningsinstrument används inte i större utsträckning.

A school is a social area in which children and adults meet each other. The school is were friendship, love and also enmity arise. The process to establish, maintain, split up and end relationships is constantly continuously. A Childs way of creating relationships is complex. Bullying and similar offending treatment occur and has always been a huge problem in school.

The purpose of the study was from the perspective of young people that has completed a stay at HVB-home. The respondents are between 15-21 years both boys and girls. The basic questions were: How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service process? How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service contents? How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service regarding available information and how the staff is available? What positive and negative experience do they have from their stay at the HVB-home? We also wish to get a picture of what is important to change to improve the quality on this HVB-home. To receive answers to those questions we formed a questionnaire.

SammanfattningBakgrund: Långvarig smärta är en individuell upplevelse och kan orsakas av skador eller sjukdomar, och är ihållande mer än tre månader. Detta kan innebära att det blir svårt att klara av sina vardagliga aktiviteter då funktionsförmågan kan försämras, vilket kan medföra ett lidande för individen.Syfte: Syfte med studien var att belysa individers upplevelser av långvarig smärta.Metod: En systematisk litteratur studie genomfördes och 14 kvalitativa studier kvalitetsgranskades utifrån Forsberg och Wengströms (2013) checklista för kvalitativa studier. Artiklar analyserades enligt Axelssons (2012) metod som innebär att gå från helhet till delar och till slut komma fram till en ny helhet, detta resulterade sedermera i sex teman.Resultat: Att leva med långvarig smärta kunde påverka och begränsa individens liv både fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Smärtan gjorde att individerna försökte anpassa sin vardag genom att hitta strategier för att hantera sin smärta. En del beskrev bristande förståelse från både anhöriga och vårdpersonal.Slutsats: Genom att lyssna och vara lyhörda kan sjuksköterskor öka sin förståelse för hur individer upplever långvarig smärta.

The aim of the study was to examine plaqueindex, gingivalindex and oral hygiene measure among patients between 20-26 years of age, who were treated at the Dental Hygienist Programme at the University of Kristianstad. The study was performed as a dental record. All 126 subjects with records in this age were including in the study. Sixteen records (13 %) were excluded because the criteria were not fulfilled. Plauqeindex, gingivalindex and oral hygiene measures were registered from 110 records.

The ambition to use evidence based treatments has spread within the field of Swedish social work. The number of treatments with claim to being evidence based has grown but the research concerning implementation; the procedures being used to introduce new methods in organizations and assure that the method is being used appropriately and continuously, is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of Functional Family Therapy (FFT), being an evidence based treatment, in an organization providing social services in the public sector, in Sweden. We used a qualitative research design and conducted interviews with persons involved in the implementation of FFT in the social services in a town in the south of Sweden. We used the practice guidelines provided in Evidence Based Practice (EBP) together with recently published meta- analyses of implementation research, in the field of social work, to examine the implementation of FFT, as being an evidence based treatment.

The purpose of the study was to describe how women with deliberate self-harm behaviour experience they have been treated when conducting health care. The study has a qualitative and descriptive approach and data was collected with snowball sampling. Data was analysed with content analysis and ended up in three theme ?Feeling of violation of integrity and autonomy?, ?health care staff don´t have the courage to step in and take responsibility? and ? Personal confirmation and validation of feelings?. The results showed that many women with deliberate self-harm behavior feel that they have been badly treated when they conducting health care.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka patienters upplevelse av smärtlindring och livskvalitet efter botoxbehandling i smärtlindrande syfte samt patienternas inställning till Botox.Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie med en deskriptiv och explorativ design. Urvalet bestod av sju patienter, sex kvinnor och en man, vilka behandlas men botoxbehandling vid Smärtcentrum på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala.Resultat: Materialet analyserades enligt syftet under tre kategorier: smärtlindring, oro/nedstämdhet samt inställning till Botox. Samtliga informanter har fått en minskad smärta till följd av botoxbehandlingen och upplever att livskvaliteten förbättrats. Trots biverkningar känner sig patienterna nöjda med behandlingen så länge fördelarna är fler än nackdelarna. Ingen av informanterna förutom en kände någon oro/nedstämdhet.

Bakgrund: Smärta och smärtbehandling är en viktig del i sjuksköterskans yrkesutövning. Det är därför viktigt att ha kunskap om olika behandlingsmetoder för att på ett individanpassat sätt främja en god omvårdnad. Cannabis har länge använts i medicinskt syfte bland annat för att hantera smärta. En adekvat smärtlindring är av betydelse för patientens livskvalitet.Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienters livskvalitet påverkas av att använda cannabispreparat som analgetika vid långvariga smärttillstånd.Metod: Litteraturstudie med systematiska sökningar valdes som metod. Sökningarna utfördes i databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycInfo, även manuella sökningar genomfördes.Resultat: Resultatet är baserat på 21 vetenskapliga artiklar med olika ansatser.

The title of the study is: "Stories about helpful conversations - a narrative study of active processes in therapy and treatment." The purpose of this study was to examine clients' stories of what has been helpful to them in therapy / treatment. The study has been made in light of the ongoing discussion in society about the requirements for empirical studies within welfare areas. The choice to make a narrative study comes from the desire to have clients' own stories at the centre of what has been helpful in the therapeutic process. The author has interviewed and talked with four people (clients) who told us about their experiences of therapy / treatment. Narrative research methodology is based on people's life stories.

In the pilot plant at Hammarby Sjöstad, Sjöstadsverket, several new methods are tested in order to achieve a good use of resources. When a new technique is considered it is often the performance of the technique itself, under given conditions, that is evaluated. However, in order to evaluate the overall function the whole picture is needed. With a system analysis it becomes possible to make a comparison where all the positive aspects are put up against the negative ones, for the technique itself as well as its requirements. In this way the influence that minor components have on an entire system can be considered.This report presents a system analysis of an anaerobic membrane reactor (MBR) with a VSEP-membrane (Vibratory Shear Enhanced Process).

Syfte Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva förekomst av whiplashtrauma hos TMD patienter. Metod En systematisk litteratursökning av PubMed, CochraneLibrary och Bandolier databaser genomfördes för artiklar publicerade från 1 januari 1966 till 11 november 2011. Den systematiska sökningen identifierade121 artiklar. Efter borttagning av brev till redaktion och författarinlägg, utfördes en initial screening av abstract på 108 artiklar. Efter den initiala screeningen lästes 32 artiklar i fulltext med tillämpning av inklusions- och exklusionskriterier.

The purpose of the study was from the perspective of young people that has completed a stay at HVB-home. The respondents are between 15-21 years both boys and girls. The basic questions were: How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service process? How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service contents? How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service regarding available information and how the staff is available? What positive and negative experience do they have from their stay at the HVB-home? We also wish to get a picture of what is important to change to improve the quality on this HVB-home. To receive answers to those questions we formed a questionnaire.

The purpose of the study was from the perspective of young people that has completed a stay at HVB-home. The respondents are between 15-21 years both boys and girls. The basic questions were: How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service process? How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service contents? How do the respondents look upon this HVB-homes service regarding available information and how the staff is available? What positive and negative experience do they have from their stay at the HVB-home? We also wish to get a picture of what is important to change to improve the quality on this HVB-home. To receive answers to those questions we formed a questionnaire.

Wound care of the horse?s distal part of the leg is challenging. Due to that distal limb wounds are easily enlarged, infected and generally heal slower than wounds on the body of the horse, the need for improved wound nursing arise. One way of improving wound nursing is to evaluate new ways of healing treatment. In this study, evaluation was made of a new product consisting of lactic acid bacteria and honey.