Swedish energy policy aims to increase the use of energy from renewable sources and this should be done in a safe, environmentally and sustainable manner. According to the Energy Agency the use bio-fuel increased by 73% between 1990 - 2006. Stands with high share of slash are often located on areas with high productivity which often are located on soils with poor bearing capacity. This will increase traffic on susceptible soil leading to increased ground damage. To reduce the risk of ground damage at slash-forwarding, ground protection is needed.

The requirements for operative planning activities are increasing. The forest industry wants to gain better control over wood flow. A felling that is more market adjusted is desirable. However, this causes problems in the operative planning process because of the data collection methods used today. Data about timber assortments and data about the distribution of the tree diameter, etc., are often lacking. Airborne laser scanning is used to a greater extent than before for estimation of forest variables and should perhaps be used to the same extent in operative planning activities as well.

The aim of this study was to study how Swedish youth national football players handle stressful events in sports. A longitudinal questionnaire diary was constructed from a revised version of Nicholls and Polmans (2007) design with the intention of recording in-sport and psychosocial stress, choice of coping strategy and coping effectiveness. The participants were 59 Swedish youth national football players born 1992 observed during a four day national training camp held by the Swedish Football Association. Data were drawn from a quantifying analyzing method. The main result showed that the most common stressors reported were, physical injury or pain, experiencing teammates or opponents to perform better and feeling generally insecure during training camp.

Purpose: To evaluate how a treatment period on four weeks in a warm climate influences physical function, condition and the patient's experience of the climate effect of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Method: 10 persons with a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis went through four weeks of treatment on Centro Forestal Sueco, Marbella. The treatment consisted of both physical and theoretic lessons given of a rehabilitation team. All patients were examinated measured for physical function and condition before treatment, after two weeks and at the end of the treatment. To measure physical function, Timed-Stands Test, Timed Get Up and Go, The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index, Index of muscle function and functionestimitation of shoulder/arm were used.

Fibromyalgi är en sjukdom som karaktäriseras av smärta, trötthet och stelhet och sjukdomen är vanligare hos kvinnor än hos män. Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva personers upplevelse av smärta vid fibromyalgi. KASAM användes som teoretisk förankring. En kvalitativ ansats valdes och sammanlagt har 13 vetenskapliga artiklar sammanställts till ett resultat. Artiklarna har kvalitetsgranskats enligt Hälsohögskolans granskningsprotokoll, med fokus på etiska överväganden.

Magnusson, A. ??it?s a matter of great importance actually?. Coping strategies to sexual consequences due to cancer treatment. Expectations on sexuality and rehabilitation.

In the current situation a big part ofthe settlements that exist in Sweden isin need of renovation and energyefficiency in order to survive.Therefore, also many of the older houseswith a wooden structure are in a need ofenergy efficiency, which can be done ina variety of ways, including addinginsulation.This project deals with whether the useof a diffusion barrier or a vaporbarrier affects a wall structure byadding insulation to an older house witha timber frame. The insulation materialswhich are concidered in thisinvestigation are mineral wool and woodfiber insulation. Efforts are focused onthe effects of moisture on theseinsulation materials.To demonstrate the differences thatarise the moisture measurement programWUFI have been used to simulate avariety of wall designs. These designsare developed in consultation with theconstruction carers who are active inthe industry.Using WUFI graphs illustrating themoisture levels of the wall structureswere obtained and from these conclusionsvould be drawn. The work demonstratesthe differences that arise when using adiffusion barrier or vapor barrier inwall construction.

Bakgrund: Borderline personlighetsstörning karaktäriseras av stark impulsivitet, långvariga känslor av tomhet, självskadebeteende och destruktiva relationer. Suicidrisken uppskattas till 8-10%. Orsaken till borderline personlighetsstörning är ej helt känd men studier har visat att barndomstrauma och negativa händelser i livet kan vara en bidragande faktor till insjuknade. Majoriteten, 75%, av de som utvecklar borderline personlighetsstörning är kvinnor. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser av att leva med borderline personlighetsstörning. Metod: En litteraturstudie genomfördes där kvalitativa och kvantitativa artiklar granskades.

Bakgrund: Den goda vården syftar till att lindra mänskligt lidande, såsom smärta. Detta är inte alltid uppnått inom den slutna sjukvården idag, och patientens smärta blir inte lindrad. Musik kan användas som en hälsointervention inom sjukvården och har visats ha en rad positiv inverkan på patienten. Syfte: Beskriva vad musiken som en individanpassad omvårdnadshandling har för verkan på patientens smärttillstånd vid en akut smärta.Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på 14 utvalda kvantitativa studier om musikens verkan på ett akut smärttillstånd. Resultat: Resultatet visar på att musik som en individanpassad omvårdnadshandling kan lindra patientens smärttillstånd.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur kvinnor med endometrios upplever att sjukdomen påverkar deras liv och livskvalitet. Metoden var en litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design. Artikelsökningen skedde i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsycINFO samt genom manuell sökning vilket resulterade i 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som uppfyllde studiens inklusionskriterier. Resultatet visar att endometrios kan ha negativ påverkan på många delar av livet och därmed också kvinnans livskvalitet. Smärta till följd av endometrios har visat sig vara en stor del av problematiken som påverkar både vardag, arbetsliv och socialt liv på ett negativt sätt.

IASB is currently working with the replacement of IAS 39 Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement. The new standard IFRS 9 Financial Instruments is said to be based on principles as opposed to the more rules-based IAS 39. This thesis examines the third phase of the project regarding micro hedge accounting. The expressed goal from IASB is to provide more useful hedge accounting information by reducing complexity of the standard. To examine the potential effects of the transition from the rules based IAS 39 to the more principles based IFRS 9, we have performed a case study on a major Swedish bank.

This paper investigates the compensation for risk in the context of the Swedish stock market with a special focus on downside risk. Using daily market data collected from the A-list of the Stockholm Stock Exchange between the years 1983 and 2005 the purpose is to answer the question whether Swedish investors are compensated for holding stocks with high downside risk, measured as downside beta. Using panel data analysis it is shown, in accordance with most previous evidence in international research, firstly that stocks with high beta values on average experience higher returns than stocks with low beta values, and secondly that stocks with high downside beta values experience higher returns than stocks with high beta values in general. On the other hand, cross-sectional regression methodology using a bivariate regression approach shows that downside beta does not explain excess returns very well. Instead, regression analysis suggest that high upside beta does a much better job in explaining excess return over this time period compared to downside beta.

Av Sveriges befolkning har cirka 40-50 procent någon gång upplevt långvarig smärta. För hälso- och sjukvårdspersonal kan den långvariga smärtan vara utmanande då fokusering inte bara kan ske mot smärtan utan måste inkludera hela den komplexitet som uppstår med flera olika faktorer. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva individens upplevelse av att leva med långvariga smärta. Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie där resultatet baseras på sju kvalitativa artiklar och en kvantitativ artikel. Ur dessa framkom tre kategorier: Känslomässiga förändringar, Förändrad vardag och Omgivningens bemötande.

Barns smärta är en vanlig orsak till kontakt med sjukvården. I omvårdnadsarbetet ska barnets behov och smärtsignaler tolkas och bemötas så att relevanta omvårdnadsinsatser sätts in. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att utifrån barns beskrivningar belysa omvårdnad som lindrar barns smärta. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturöversikt där åtta kvalitativa, två kvantitativa där en av artiklarna innehåller en mixad metod av kvalitativ och kvantitativ design. vetenskapliga artiklar utgjorde underlaget för resultatet.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has the potential to be used for the diagnosis and study of osteoarthrosis in the equine tarsal region. In the development of new diagnostic MRI techniques cadaver specimens are often used. To allow the use of cadaver legs for these types of studies it is important to know the effect of time after death on the MRI image. Since the relaxation times are temperature dependent, it is interesting to examine whether the time after death and the temperature of the cadaver may play a role in the image appearance and quality. The radio pulse sequences that show the different types of tissues are also important to know when pathological evaluation with MRI is used.