The purpose of this essay is to examine the construction of the norm-breaking characters Saga from the young adult novel Tusen gånger starkare written by Christina Herrström and Pippi Longstocking from the books written by Astrid Lindgren. In order to do this I have applied queer theory as well as theories of narrative in my analysis.To be able to study the breaking of norms, it has been essential to first examine the way the norm itself is manifested in the books. Because of this I have chosen to begin my analysis with an examination of two other characters who by their normative behavior contrasts against Pippi and Saga, namely Signe and Annika. The understanding of the normative discourse that Signe and Annika represent is crucial in understanding the way Saga and Pippi later turn against it.After that I examine in which ways Saga and Pippi breaks prevalent norms and how they as characters are constructed as being different. Subsequently I study the effects of Saga?s and Pippi?s norm-breaking, taking focus on how it influences Signe and Annika.Finally I discuss the view of Saga and Pippi as subversive characters, and however the books can be said to have a subversive effect.

Borna disease virus (BDV) is a virus with capability to cause neurological disease in several species of mammals and of ostriches. Also humans are suspected to be susceptible to the virus, as the viral RNA and antibodies against BDV have been found in some humans with psychiatric diseases, like schizophrenia and depression. In Sweden there is a disease called staggering disease in cats, associated to BDV-infection. This disease often has a fatal progress. Definite diagnosis is reached by histo-pathological and immunohistochemical examination of the central nervous system.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe how nurses experience meeting patients with self-injurious behavior in health care and the factors that influence nurses' attitudes towards this particularly group of patients. The literature study also contains a review of the articles included datacollection method. Method: A descriptive literature review of quantitative and qualitative articles published between 2004 and 2014. The articles were sought in the databases PubMed and PsycINFO. The result of the present literaturestudy was based on 11 articles.Result:The nurses experiences were mainly positive, however, the results also shows that they feel antipathy, negative emotions, inadequacy and obstacles in the care of patients with self-injurious behavior.

The purpose of this essay has been to examine whether attitudes and behavior among Swedish people who takes snuff are dissonant or not and how their attitudes are affected by the media debate about the health risks snuff can cause. Furthermore, we were interested in finding out how different reference groups´ attitudes would influence the attitudes and the willingness of people to stop taking snuff and investigate how much control the people who take snuff think they have. To answer these questions we chose to ask primarily students at Stockholm University and Södertörns Högskola. The students were asked to fill out a questionnaire with 22 questions and the 100 responses we collected were worked up in a statistic program, SPSS, on the computer. The main models used for the essay and for the questionnaire were the Theory of Planned behavior and the Dissonance theory.

Bakgrund: Ljumskskador, ljumsk- och höftsmärta hos fotbollsspelare har oftast samband med minskat rörelseomfång i höfter, svaghet i bål och höftmuskulatur. Risk för ljumsksmärta ökar hos idrottare som inte tränar skadepreventivt. Syfte: Att undersöka om ett preventionsprogram med sex övningar för styrka och rörlighet kan minska förekomsten av ljumsksmärta hos herrfotbollsspelare. Material och metod: En kvantitativ experimentell fallstudie med kontrollgrupp, som utfördes med 14 herrfotbollslag (7 lag interventionsgrupp, 7 lag kontrollgrupp). I studien deltog 514 manliga fotbollspelare i åldern mellan 15-47 år. Resultat: I interventionsgruppen som genomförde ett preventionsprogram var antalet spelare med ljumsksmärta oförändrat, medan antalet deltagare med ljumsksmärta i kontrollgruppen ökade. Konklusion: Ett preventionsprogram med övningar för styrka och rörlighet kan förebygga förekomst av ljumsksmärta hos herrfotbollsspelare. Nyckelord: Fotboll, prevention, ljumskskada, ljumsksmärta, höftsmärta.

Today?s feeding methods can determine the domestic pig?s abilities to fulfill basic behavioral needs, such as foraging, and the way in which pigs are feed is an important aspect. Feed does not only provide the energy and nutrients critical for survival, but feeding is also associated with a number of other factors contributing to well-being and reproduction. Today the feed for gestated sows is often composed by high energy and low dietary fiber grain products such as wheat. Three kg of this kind of feed can often be consumed by the sow within 20 minutes.

Avhorning är ett ingrepp som utförs rutinmässigt på kalvar och i mindre omfattning på killingar. Den vanligaste avhorningsmetoden i Sverige är brännjärnsavhorning. Ingreppet är smärtsamt för djuren, något som visats genom ökade smärtbeteenden samt förhöjda plasmakoncentrationer av kortisol. En metod för att minska smärtan är att ge lokalbedövning i samband med ingreppet. När lokalanestesin slutar verka ökar plasmakoncentrationen av kortisol och det har även påvisats att mängden smärtrelaterade beteenden ökar.

Många studier visar att det finns en skillnad mellan sjuksköterskans bedömning och patientens upplevelse av smärta och smärtbehandling. Syftet med litteraturstudien är att jämföra dessa uppfattningar. Eftersom god smärtlindring är en förutsättning för patientens psykiska såväl som fysiska välmående är det av stor vikt att sjuksköterskans bedömningar är så korrekta som möjligt. Förutom olika smärtskattningsmetoder, ex. VAS skalan är det nödvändigt att sjuksköterskor medvetandegörs om sina egna attityder, då dessa kan påverka kvalitén på omvårdnaden.

In the paper three women with vulvar vestibulitis (long-term pain condition during sexual intercourse) were interviewed to find which conceptions the women experience exist about vestibulitis and how the women they self feel about the condition. Furthermore it was examined if and how the construction of vulvar vestibulitis affects the identity of the women. The method used was half-structured interviews with interview guide. Foucault's discourse analysis was used to analyse the interviews. Several constructions of vestibulitis were revealed from the interviews.

The cause of fibromyalgia has long been unknown but recent studies has shown that disturbance in the central pain modulation may be the cause. The aim of the study was to examine what kind of physiotherapy and close related treatment methods in the treatment of fibromyalgia there are and to determine their evidence. Articles were obtained by searching through the databases PubMed, Academic Search, AMED/Webspirs, CINAHL/webspirs and PEDro for articles published from 1994 and ten years forward. The study was based on thirty articles that met the criteria for inclusion. To assess the quality of the clinical studies the SBU?s evaluation model was used.

The aim of this study was to examine musculoskeletal disorders among dental hygienists inrelation to work postures (sitting, standing, and altering) and to study differences in thegroups regarding numbers of disorders, locations and degrees. A mail questionnaire wasdistributed among 200 dental hygienists in the region of Skåne. The response rate was 79 %.The majority of the dental hygienists were working in a sitting position. Only43 dental hygienists were altering their working position and two were working in a standingposition. The results showed that 85 % of the dental hygienists have experiencedmusculoskeletal disorders in the last 12 months.

Background: Touching exists in different forms and can be experienced through the skin. By touching oxytocin is released like a relaxing hormone which counteracts anxiety and depression. Therapeutic contact and healing touch are methods nurses? uses to give positive feeling of serenity, warmth and wellbeing for the patients. Touching can be a method for communication and happiness when word is not enough.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between locus of control and behavior in a work group. The investigation was performed using two methods, self-report and observation, which were used in order to provide a description of how the individuals experienced their own behavior in a group context as well as of how they actually could be observed to behave. The 31 participants were divided into five groups. During the procedure each group received a task, which was to be discussed and solved by the group members together. Observations were carried out using IPA.

We investigate the effects of various types of word-of-mouth (WOM) messages on consumer bahavior. The message is varied along two dimensions where one is valence and the other is whether or not it contains an explicit call for certain behavior or attitude change. We use an experiment in the form of a web-based survey. Five different scenarios were designed to represent neutral, positive, and negative WOM. The latter two came in two different versions - one with a recommendation and one without.

Abstract: Since the recession caught the market in fall 2008, multiple companies have suffered due to their former aggressive investment behavior. Huge goodwill piles have been collected ready to be doomed by the market. The aim of the study is to investigate equity analysts? consideration of goodwill in a recession market. An empirical study is conducted, based on interviews with ten Swedish equity analysts that follow companies with relevant goodwill status.