The main objective of this research was to study how increased arterial oxygenation by the use of Pulsed Inhaled Nitric-Oxide (PiNO) influenced the metabolic and cardiovascular parameters on horses undergoing acute abdominal surgery because of colic. The parameters blood lactate, blood glucose, pH and heart rate were evaluated before and during anesthesia and closely after recovery. The study showed that blood lactate concentrations decreased significantly during anaesthesia in horses treated with PiNO compared to non-treated horses. It was also seen that the lactate concentration decreased most in horses with the highest levels before PiNO treatment. Since enhanced oxygen extraction ratio was evident in the PiNO group, improved oxygen delivery to the tissue may be a possible explanation for the improved situation.

I denna litteraturstudie granskades 4 vetenskapliga artiklar med syfte att undersöka patienters upplevelser av hyperbar oxygenbehandling (HBO behandling) för att lyfta fram vad man som omvårdnadspersonal bör ha i åtanke inför initiala behandlingar. HBO behandling är en behandlingsmetod där koncentrerad oxygen administreras till patienter. Behandling med HBO får ofta pågå under längre tid för att uppnå läkande effekter i exempelvis fall av hypoxiska svårläkta sår. Ett av de initiala problem som kan ge obehagskänslor är att behandlingen tar plats i tryckkammare, vilket för många är en främmande miljö. Flertalet patienter har av denna anledning valt att avstå ifrån behandling.

In the production of pulp, paper and cardboard, a large amount of water is used daily. The water has to be purified in the internal purifying plant before it reaches the receiving body of water. In the biological purifying stage at the Stora Enso Skoghall mill, an aerated basin is used where the microorganisms, using oxygen, oxidize the organic material to carbon dioxide. The air is pumped from the bottom of the basin and the oxygen can then be transported from the air bubbles to the water through diffusion. The problem with aeration of waste water from the forest industry is that wood residues, such as fatty acids, are making the transport of oxygen in water more difficult.

This thesis investigates how the level of implementation of New Public Management affects an organization?s efficiency. According to theory, a high level of implementation leads to a more efficient organization. This thesis is based on two case studies conducted on two units within Stockholms Stad. One of the units shows a high level of implementation of NPM and a high level of efficiency.

Our essay is about the grammar structure that the participants in A- and B- level of a school in the middle of Sweden, in the subject, Swedish as a second language, process. We have collected written productions from an A-level group and a B-level group and made a comparison between them morphologically and syntactically according to the processability theory by Pienemann.Processability theory was applied to Swedish by Pienemann & Håkansson (1999), with five steps in syntax and four steps in morphology. It turned out that the B-level group had much higher processing level of grammar than the A level group and one of the reasons for this can be that grammar is explicitly taught during the first year of studying Swedish as a second language in the school we have chosen to study..

Hemp has been used for textiles for a long time in history until it became illegal to grow in many countries in the 1930s. It is interesting from an environmental point of view because it doesn?t need any pesticides and in most locations it doesn?t need any irrigation either, compared to cotton, which normally requires big amounts of both pesticides and water for irrigation. Hemp is a bast fiber, which means that the fibers are located on the bast of the stem (on the outer layer of the stem). Therefore they cannot be spun directly, they have to be removed from the stem first.

The production of ferrochromium alloys at Vargön Alloys AB contributes to formation of unwanted ferrochromium dust, which contains toxic Cr(VI). The dust is since summer 2005 treated with an iron-sulphate solution to reduce Cr(VI) to the non-toxic Cr(III). A year later the treatment technique was improved and disposal occurs in cells on the landfill. The cells can be up to 300 m3 and the edges can be made out of fro example concrete. Tests are conducted on the treated dust when it is disposed.

This thesis work was made for Södra Cell Mörrums bruk in Blekinge. The purpose of the work was to develop a computer model in the simulation program Extend for the removal and balance of organic oxygen consuming substances, measured as COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), in the new biological treatment plant in the mill. The plant produces two different pulp products, TCF- (Totally Chlorine Free) pulp and ECF- (Elementary Chlorine Free) pulp, for sale. The different bleaching procedures affect the characteristic of the wastewater and thus the effectiveness of the biological treatment plant.In the model that was developed the COD in the wastewater was divided into five different COD-fractions: soluble easily degradable (SS), soluble hardly degradable (SR), soluble inert (SI), particulate inert (XI) and particulate biomass (XB). To create the model FlowMac? was used as a base.

The sea-level is rising due to climate change. This report inquires into the possibleconsequences of sea-level rise in Värmdö and its archipelago with particular focus on roadsand buildings. Four scenarios with a sea-level rise of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 meter and a worst casescenario of 3.9 meter are analyzed using a geographic information system (GIS) calledarcMap. The report also examines how Värmdö is taking into account future sea-level rise intheir planning today. The report´s findings show that uplift and sea-level rise cancel eachother out in the scenario with a sea-level rise of 0.5 meter, but that a number of more or lessimportant roads and buildings will be affected by a rise of 1.5 meters.

Researchers at Karlstad University have developed a method for making paper ion conducting. The reasearchers want to test this technique in various applications and produce products that make use of the ion-conducting paper. Hopefully this will drive the development forward and result in new applications for the ion-conducting paper.This study was to test the possibility of manufacturing a gas sensor of conducting paper along with electrodes of conductive polymers printed on the paper. By comparing the paper sensor with an electrochemical cell in which the electrodes of conductive polymer replaces electrodes of metal and ion-conductive paper replaces the liquid electrolyte in the electrochemical cell, it was hoped that it would be possible to measure the oxidation and reduction reactions that a gas could introduce at the electrodes.It was shown that it is possible to measure a potential difference in the range of 0.3 V to 0.5 V between the electrodes when exposing an electrode to 100% oxygen. The reaction that takes place is relatively slow and the reaction rate is partly due to the distance between the electrodes.Since the sensor can measure oxidation and reduction reactions it is possible that, in further development of a sensor, the sensor can be made ??into a versatile sensor with more applications than gas measurement as there are many more ways to oxidize or reduce the electrodes than by exposure to oxygen.During the study there have been discussions and meetings held with various companies in the sensor industry to be able to specify what the market demands of a sensor made ??of paper and the requirements that must be placed on the sensor for it to be interesting for the companies..

During the summer 2007 was a scrubber tested at Gruvön papper mill in Grums. The scrubber reduced NOx with 90 % in flue gas. NOx was transferred from the flue gas to a scrubber liquid as nitrate and nitrite. The scrubber liquid needs to be purified from nitrate and nitrite. One possible solution is to clean the scrubber liquid in Gruvön biologic cleaning construction.Microorganisms in the biologic cleaning construction need to assimilate nitrogen. There are environments free from oxygen in the cleaning construction.

The aim for this essay is to investigate the importance of studying religion in an upper secondary school in Närke county, this is done by distribution of a questionnaire. The importance is studied both on the individual level and on the societal level. The result shows that although the students do not have a big interest in religious studies still the subject has an importance on both an individual and a society level..

Enligt statistiken år 2010 fanns det 26 individer sett från en grupp på 100.000 som var tilldelade oxygenbehandling i hemmet. Oxygenbehandlingen tillför en bestämd mängd oxygen till bäraren då möjligheten att själv förse sig med rätt mängd för överlevnad hämmats. Den dominerande sjukdomen till oxygenbehandling i hemmet är KOL, kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom. Som namnet antyder är det en kronisk sjukdom som ger inflammatoriska förändringar i lungans bronkioler. Dessa förändringar minskar andningsytan vilket resulterar i att individens andningskapacitet reduceras.Projektet använde metoder från dynamisk produktutveckling med användaren i fokus.

This thesis deals with our heritage and the care of old buildings. In order to limit this vast area a specific attention has been brought upon the process of giving buildings a certain level of protection and after decision having it taken away, instead of giving a stronger protection level.Further limitation has been done through the choice of four buildings in Lund, within Lund University campus. These buildings all lost this certain level of protection. The participants in these kinds of cases have a level of power, what argumentation did they use?The methods being used are discourse analysis, phenomenology and the daily methods of the building care field..

Syftet med studien är att kartlägga innehållet hos vätskorna i de indirekt energiöverförande kylsystemen och att uppskatta deras potentiella miljöpåverkan vid utsläpp. På vätskeprover från system 5 till 8, som är tagna i returledningen på köldbärare 1 i respektive system, har det uppmätts hög syrgashalt, konduktivitet och COD (chemical oxygen demand), vilket ger stor risk för nedbrytning och korrosion. Dessa systemvätskor borde avgasas eller bytas ut. Systemvätskan från system 3, 7 och 8 överskrider gränsvärdena för zink och nickel och de skulle ha toxisk/ - mycket toxisk effekt på vattenlevande djur och växter. Koppar, zink och nickel är nitrifikationshämmande vilket innebär att de påverkar det biologiska reningssteget vid avloppsreningsverket negativt ifall vätskan släpps ut till det kommunala avloppsledningsnätet. Det framgick utifrån den använda värderingsmallen att de sju största miljöaspekterna är relaterade till föroreningsvariablerna: COD (chemical oxygen demand), zink, syrgas, kväve, järn, nickel och pH. Miljöeffekterna uppträder i form av påverkan från metaller och utarmning av naturtyper, biotoper, arter etc.