The purpose of this essay is to examine how the adventure is accomplished as a project, and how this is vindicated, through science or by other means. The scientists of today are not seen as adventurers or heroes, at least not as they used to, but this image lives on as a sort of role or social institution, that can be used by anyone and in any purpose. These roles could be seen as a type of rules for the modern adventurer, and act both as a limit or a possibility. This essay compares two North Pole travelers, Ola Skinnarmo and Salomon August Andrée..

The purpose of this science of Art History research paper is to find out the meaning of Cats in Art. I have limited my studies to the Nationalmuseums picture gallery and found forty paintings with cats. I have chosen sixteen of these to furthur analyze typographically and chronologically from a symbolic perspective. The forty paintings from the Nationalmuseum were created during four centuries, with the first being painted in the Sixteenth Century. I have studied the cats dimensional placement in the picture, if the cat is in an outdoor or indoor environment, with people and if the cat is active or passive.

This paper constitutes graduate work at the landscape architecture program at the Department of Urban and Rural Development at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala. The main purpose of this paper is to create a project from an idea to reality. The place for the project is the environment of Icehotel in Jukkasjärvi in the north of Sweden. Icehotel is a unique hotel concept and each winter a hotel, a church and a bar is built at the area of only ice and snow, and each spring it all melts down and returns to the Torne river. During the project a plan for the environment, in ice and snow, will be made and then a part of it will be built in January 2010. The purpose is to improve the outdoor environment with landscape architecture to enhance the experience of Icehotel and create an exciting entrance to the area.

The residential yard at Kvarteret Landsfiskalen 1, in the area Herrgården in Rosengård, Malmö was built in 1971 and has since then been reconstructed twice, in 1984 and 2008. The yard is found in an area which was built during the years 1965 ? 1974, a period in which the swedish goverment approved a decision to build one million homes, and much of the events in this particular yard is also typical for the process in many other areas built during the same period.At the original construction the design of the yard was entirely incused by the pressure in time and finance, one was under at that time, in order to over- come the housing shortage. The design it has nevertheless been given, reflects the esthetic ideals of that time well.The building of the area was barely finished when the swedish authori- ties started handing out grants in order to support the rearmament of the outdoor environment in the areas built during the so called ?million program?.

English Title: "The unquestionable tuition of music theory". During my years as a musician and a musical student, I have encountered many prejudices when it comes to views on music played by ear and the routines and discourses belonging to its creation and performance. I have experienced that there is a concealed hierarchical view on different styles of music, particularly amongst those educators and musicians who are highly educated in musicology. The Afro-American tradition, has historically been a part of the musical education at university level for much shorter a period than that of the classical tradition. In my opinion, the formulation of the music theory lessons is still strongly influenced by the classical tradition.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka vad förskollärare har för tankar om utomhuspedagogiken som arbetssätt och hur utomhusmiljön används, samt hur den kan stimulera barns utveckling och lärande. Studien kommer även att belysa vilka möjligheter och hinder som kan uppkomma i det utomhuspedagogiska arbetssättet. Intresset för utomhuspedagogik har ökat markant och den blir allt mer allmän i förskolor idag. Det problemområde som finns med utomhuspedagogiken är att den lätt kan misstolkas som att vara en ersättning för den traditionella pedagogiken inomhus. Utomhuspedagogiken har inte som syfte att ersätta någon form av pedagogik, utan den ska istället vara ett komplement i verksamheten.

AbstractSwedish tuition for immigrants (SFI) is a public adult education program in Sweden that was created in order to provide the immigrants with basic skills in Swedish. People with different backgrounds speaking different languages learn together how they should communicate in Swedish, both orally and in writing. For those who teach SFI it is important to know which factors have positive effects on the Swedish language acquisition. One of the questions to be asked is if the learning materials´ genre has any effect on the SFI students´ proficiency, in particular, oral proficiency. Scientists as von Franz, Vygotskiy and Bettelheim argued that fairy tales, as a genre consciously or subconsciously recognizable by all the people, present texts that are easy to acqiure.

Läroplan för det obligatoriska skolväsendet, fritidshemmet och förskoleklassen, (Lpo94) är tydlig i sin definition att en individanpassad undervisning ska tillämpas i skolan och att undervisningen ska utgå från den enskilde elevens behov. Då forskning pekar på att definitionen och innebörden av begreppet behov inte är tydlig fann vi det intressant att undersöka hur lärare definierar innebörden av begreppet individanpassad undervisning i år 1 med särskilt fokus på aspekten elevers behov. För att studera verksamma lärares resonemang kring detta valdes en kvalitativ metod med intervjuer som hjälpmedel för att samla in data. Det insamlade materialet har analyserats och därefter diskuterats med referens till forskning inom området. Resultatet visar att individanpassad undervisning ses som en förutsättningsfråga.

Drawing on earlier research, and using observations as the method, this study presents a design of a nature playscape for children. Applying outdoor pedagogy to the fundamental structure of a specific location, the study proposes a design of a playscape, over a more obvious design, for instance one based around a quiz walk.The theoretical framework is Gibson?s theory of affordance, and the goal has been to create a "play flow". The study concludes that spatial rhetorics can be an important tool when teaching children about nature..

A geographical position and its social, cultural and political context as well as climate and specific physical characteristics define the scope for a landscape design project. This has become clearer for us in our master project where we have made a Design Program for the outdoor environment of Wollo University in Dessie, Ethiopia and analysed and reflected on the work and process. The aim for the project has been to design an attractive and functional outdoor environment for the Campus, based on the inventories and the needs and wishes of clients and users. But, the aim has also been for us as landscape architect students to gain a greater knowledge about landscape architecture and the design process by position ourselves outside our usual context. The method has been open and seeking where the site, literature studies, dialogues with people and our own experiences from the field study in Ethiopia has influenced the work. Wollo University is situated 400 kilometers north of Addis Ababa, in a mountainous landscape. It faces problems of heavy rainfall during the summer, soil erosion, a lack of essential facilities, and is still a construction site with empty spaces in-between buildings and infrastructure.

Abstract Title:                       Grades at Primary School ? A study of local politicians' arguments in                       connection with the division into grades at Swedish primary schools.Author:                       Annie LinderUniversity of KalmarC-essay in Social StudiesAutumn 2011 The study aims to investigate local politicians' decisions since municipalities took overSwedish primary education in 1990/91. The arguments put forward in support of how stages are organised have been studied, likewise whether municipalities have acted rationally when making their decisions.Six municipalities are included in the survey. They were divided into three educational categories: lower, middle and high level schools; previous and recent schools and F9 schools with pre-schools and primary schools integrated.Minutes from politicians' and civil servants' meetings have been studied and categorised according to arguments for and against. The most common supportive arguments are about economy and organisation, others concern school premises, trends and the wish for a comprehensive compulsory school.

AbstractSwedish tuition for immigrants (SFI) is a public adult education program in Sweden that was created in order to provide the immigrants with basic skills in Swedish. People with different backgrounds speaking different languages learn together how they should communicate in Swedish, both orally and in writing. For those who teach SFI it is important to know which factors have positive effects on the Swedish language acquisition. One of the questions to be asked is if the learning materials´ genre has any effect on the SFI students´ proficiency, in particular, oral proficiency. Scientists as von Franz, Vygotskiy and Bettelheim argued that fairy tales, as a genre consciously or subconsciously recognizable by all the people, present texts that are easy to acqiure.

Denna studie syftar till att belysa undervisningsmoment utöver musikalisk och sångteknisk träning som i yrkesförberedande sångundervisning förbereder sångeleven för yrkeslivet som professionell sångare. Detta för att främja arbetstrivseln hos professionella sångare. Studien har sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i hermeneutiken och socialpsykologin och har utförts med kvalitativ intervju som metod. Fyra professionella sångare har använts som informanter.I bakgrundsavsnittet presenteras litteratur och tidigare studier kring musikerns yrkessituation, arbetstrivsel, yrkesförberedande sångutbildningar, pedagogens möjlighet till påverkan på musikstudenten och för musikern vanliga yrkesrelaterade hälsonedsättningar.Studiens resultat stödjer tidigare forskning då flera teman är överensstämmande. Denna studies resultat är dock specificerat till sångarens livsvärld till skillnad mot den tidigare forskningen som mer generellt beskriver musikerns yrkessituation.

Abstract Title:                       Grades at Primary School ? A study of local politicians' arguments in                       connection with the division into grades at Swedish primary schools.Author:                       Annie LinderUniversity of KalmarC-essay in Social StudiesAutumn 2011 The study aims to investigate local politicians' decisions since municipalities took overSwedish primary education in 1990/91. The arguments put forward in support of how stages are organised have been studied, likewise whether municipalities have acted rationally when making their decisions.Six municipalities are included in the survey. They were divided into three educational categories: lower, middle and high level schools; previous and recent schools and F9 schools with pre-schools and primary schools integrated.Minutes from politicians' and civil servants' meetings have been studied and categorised according to arguments for and against. The most common supportive arguments are about economy and organisation, others concern school premises, trends and the wish for a comprehensive compulsory school.

SammanfattningSyfte och frågeställningarSyftet med studien har varit att undersöka relationen mellan multipla intelligenser och skolans friluftslivsundervisning. Frågeställningarna har varit:Vilka intelligenser utvecklas inom skolans friluftslivsundervisning, enligt lärare och elever?Genom vilka moment i friluftslivsundervisningen utvecklas intelligenserna?MetodDatainsamlingen har skett genom ostrukturerade, djupgående intervjuer. Två lärare och två tredjeårselever på gymnasiet har enskilt intervjuats om hur friluftsliv har bedrivits i skolundervisningen. Intervjuerna har analyserats med ett schema, byggt på Howard Gardners teori om de multipla intelligenserna men utformats att tillämpas på friluftsliv.ResultatResultaten visar att paddling stimulerar interpersonell, kroppslig, visuell-spatial och logisk-matematisk intelligens.