This thesis examines a possible control strategy to minimize flow fluctuations in Uppsala?s district heating system. High variations in flow rate may lead to complications caused by hydraulic constraints in the district heating system. These complications, such as inadequate pressure and temperature levels, increase the risk of heat delivery failures. It is therefore important to avoid such situations both for the producer and for the customers.Typically, the forward temperature is controlled by using a rough correlation with respect to the outdoor temperature.

I denna kvalitativa intervjustudie undersöks idrottslärares friluftsundervisning, på skolor i nordvästra Götalandsregionen. Studiens centrala frågeställningar är att undersöka vilka; attityder och erfarenheter, ramar, samt didaktiska tillvägagångsätt, som råder i friluftsundervisningen, och syftet är att undersöka friluftsundervisningens samband med dessa. I studien framkommer det bland annat att:Lärarna har liknande attityder och erfarenheter till friluftsliv, samt att deras syn verkar ha präglats av erfarenheter i senare åldrar.Lärarna är förhållandevis nöjda med de konstitutionella-, organisatoriska- och fysiska ramar som finns, men uppfattar samtidigt att dessa ramar är faktorer som påverkar friluftsundervisningen i hög grad.Lärarna försöker prioritera ämnesområdet friluftsliv i högre grad än tidigare, men de har lite olika didaktiska tillvägagångssätt.För att ta reda på detta används kvalitativa och semistrukturerade intervjuer som metod, där fem olika lärare på fem olika skolor, i nordvästra Götaland, har intervjuats. Studien förankras i tre teoretiska utgångspunkter; habitusteori, ramfaktorsteori och didaktik..

F?rt?tningen av st?der skapar en utmaning f?r bevarandet av de t?tortsn?ra skogarna. V?rden som skapas av m?nniskans upplevelser i skogen kan sammanfattas i begreppet skogens sociala v?rden, som visat sig ha en stor betydelse f?r folkh?lsan. D? m?nga kommuner ?ger t?tortsn?ra skog, ?r det av intresse att studera hur de planerar f?r skogens sociala v?rden.

Horse keeping is gaining an increasing interest in Sweden. During 2004 to 2010 the number of horses increased with 10 - 20 %, and was estimated to be 362 700 in 2010. Julmyra Horse Center (JHC), situated in Heby municipality, is a gated community for people sharing a large interest for horses and a vision of a sustainable horse management has been formulated. This study evaluates how the horse keeping of today at JHC, and how an expansion of the horse keeping may affect the risk of enhanced phosphorus load to the nearby lake system Vansjön ? Nordsjön.

Tidigare forskning kring utomhuspedagogik studerar i stor utsträckning fördelar och nackdelar. I denna studie lyfts frågor om hur förskollärare nyttjar tiden och miljön i utomhusvistelsen. Studien jämför hur mycket tid det läggs på planerade pedagogiska aktiviteter utomhus jämfört med hur mycket total utomhusvistelse förskolorna har. Vår upplevelse är att nästan all tid man vistas utomhus är förlagd till fri lek och orsakerna till detta är något vi undersöker i denna studie. Fyra förskolor medverkar i studien och enskilda intervjuer har gjorts med åtta utbildade förskollärare.Studien visar att miljön har betydelse för hur mycket lärandetid det är som läggs utomhus.

Outdoor advertising is not very often discussed within city planning even though the commercial messages occupy much of public space. The advertising signs affects not only the physical environment but also social life. In this report I would like to acknowledge and question the presence of advertising in our everyday environment. Outdoor advertising is not a new phenomena, technical progress however, results constantly in new expansions in the environment. Today advertising occurs in all sorts of shapes in the cities, both as free standing signs and as signs attached to facades, incorporated in city furniture such as bus shelters and on vehicles moving along the city streets. Grouping advertising into two categories; local and national, reveals that the different categories have different impact on public space.

Syftet med vårt examensarbete har varit att undersöka hur några valda pedagoger förhåller sig till utomhuspedagogik som en pedagogisk undervisningsmetod och diskutera dessa olika perspektiv av vad pedagogerna säger utifrån frågeställningarna i vårt syfte.Med hjälp av intervjuer har vi ställt frågor till fyra utvalda pedagoger som besitter skilda kunskaper och erfarenheter av utomhuspedagogik.I litteraturstudien mötte vi begrepp som forskare och teoretiker förknippade med utomhuspedagogik. Begrepp som direktkontakterfarenhet, sinnlig erfarenhet, autentisk lärandemiljö.Resultatet åskådliggör att pedagogerna ser fler fördelar än nackdelar med utomhuspedagogik. Några fördelar gällande utomhuspedagogiken framkom som mer rörelse i lärandet, bättre hälsa och att lära om objekt i sin verkliga miljö m.fl. En nackdel som flera av pedagogerna var överens om var personalbrist, tidsbristen gällande planering och de praktiska förberedelserna.Pedagogerna visade olika intresse för utomhuspedagogik men alla var överens om att det var en bra undervisningsmetod och några av dem ville gärna använda sig mer av det i sin undervisning i framtiden..

Urban forests are important for people to get at break and be able to relax in a stressful world. Several studies show that we feel better through being out in the forest and historically this was the normal environment for us. As a result of population growth and urbanization we tend to spend less time in nature nowadays than before. Due to this development urban forests have become a central role in our society as a place where people can fulfill their needs and interests. The management of the urban forest is therefore important, especially for municipalities that own forest which is supposed to be of benefit to local residents.Falköpings municipality owns approximately 260 hectares of forest in the popular and most visited recreational area along Mösseberg?s southern slope.

The purpose with this study was to show the relations between parents and youths from an adult perspective. We wanted to examine in what way the individualized society, limits and psychic health and unhealthy with parents could affect their youths. We chose to make a qualitative inquiry about this subject and had implemented interviews with social welfare secretaries, recreation leader and night walkers. To receive a deeper insight participant observation with night walkers, participant in parent education and participant in three different recreation centres was carried out.Both writers were interested in relations and relations making between people, which led us in to the chose subject. We did not found any earlier research in the subject which made the investigation even more interesting.

As a result of my fascination for nature I have chosen to study the possibilities to introduce natural environments on schoolyards. Too many schoolyards are lacking vegetation and many of them look like sterile asphalt deserts. The master thesis consists of two parts. The first part is based on literature studies and the second part in which findings from part one are put into practice. Five examples are presented; four schoolyards in Malmö; Kryddgårdsskolan, Kirsebergsskolan, Rörsjöskolan and Lindängeskolan and one in Kalmar; Åbyskolan. Malmö Naturskola has been working with the chosen areas on the schoolyards in Malmö.

Light pollution in urban areas - How to prevent light pollution at construction Jakob Sjöling Light pollution is a relatively new but rapidly growing form of pollution. Society's increasing demand for light coupled with the pace at which lighting technology evolves is accelerating that growth. The purpose of this study was to analyse how the construction industry plan and design outdoor lighting when erecting new buildings, specifically with regards to the issue of light pollution. It also investigated how local authorities work with these issues during urban planning. In both cases special interest was placed in ways to improve the planning and use of outdoor lighting in order to minimize light pollution.

Often places for children and youth are planned how adults think children and adolescents want them, but we are often wrong. As a result, we find empty playgrounds while our target groups are building dens in the bushes, hanging around shopping areas, and so on. This report is an attempt to create a place for young people based on the opinions of their needs and their environment to better understand how to design a place that suits them well. To gain knowledge about how it is to be young in Simrishamn, a small township in the southwest of Sweden, I interviewed children and young adolescents. The interviews were all carried out in groups, mostly in larger groups inside where the result differed a lot depending on the settings for the interview. Two walkabouts with groups of three children were also made. Most of the children were eager to participate and tell about their reality, but some preferred not to.

Examensarbetet belyser problematiken kring den offentliga konsten och hur den offentliga konsten bättre kan integreras i den kommunala planeringens beslutsprocess med hjälp utav en analys- och samarbetsmetod. Delar av analys- och samarbetsmetoden genomförs i fyra fallstudier i Eskilstuna och Uddevalla..

This study investigates the main question ?How can the small, blue spring bulb genera Chionodoxa, Puschkinia and Scilla be used in Swedish outdoor settings, with main focus on the genus Scilla?? This is done by answering four sub-questions: Which of these Scilla-species are hardy in Sweden? Which are their characteristics and habitats? What does their history of application look like? What is commercially available today? The aim of the work has been to make a survey of hardy and available Scilla-species, their character-istics, field of application and history. The purpose is to create a tool in the work with geophytes in different outdoor settings in Sweden, and to contribute to the discussion of new fields of application for bulb plants, such as Chionodoxa, Puschkinia and Scilla. The questions are answered through literature studies and discus-sions with knowledgeable persons in the field. First, an investigation and a survey of Scilla-species hardy and commercially available in Sweden, will be presented, where information of appearance, charac-teristics, habitats, varieties and historical and present application of the species will be found. With this background, a discussion around all the questions, today?s use and also new fields of application, has been carried through. The conclusions made from this study, are that there are today 15 Scilla-species commercially available and hardy for the Swedish climate.

Stress-related diseases in Sweden have doubled since 1997. Even longterm sickness related tostress has increased over the last decade. In future there is a need of alternative methods todecrease the amount of people being affected to gain a better population health. Natureassisted therapy (NAT) was shown to be a successful method as part of the therapy of stressand burnout likewise was nature an important factor to prevent people from mentaldisorders. The aim of this study was to analyse the latest research concearning nature and itshealth effects with focus on stress and burnout patients in order to plan health promotingactivities outdoors for these patients.