This essay studies the relationship between politicians and municipal chief officers from the point of view of the bureaucracy and its role in democracy and the substance of the chief position. I conducted interviews and observations with politicians and senior officials from the local public administration in Bromölla. The roles of the chief officer and politicians have certain common characteristics which makes it difficult to separate them. Senior officials working full time in contrast to part time politicians give them an advantage in the political process. Budget cut backs both enhance the role of politicians and chief officers in the administrative organisation.

Executive summary This master thesis was originally based on a specific assignment given to the authors from ABB Full Service, a unit specializing in providing maintenance outsourcing: ?How can ABB Full Service expand its offering of providing fundamental maintenance by seamlessly incorporating the business concept with competencies and solutions from other ABB divisions?? The academic issue was developed throughout the thesis, resulting in the following formulation: ?From an organizational perspective; how can service providers bring continuous added value to intra-organizational outsourcing partnerships?? Many of the key findings of this thesis are reflected in the issue. The term intra-organizational outsourcing is a proposed addition to the terminology in the academic discourse on outsourcing. The definition of the term is: ? Where an organization outsources a business process interlinked with the physical operations, requiring the service provider to take over a preexisting unit and its employees.This is an accurate description of the form of outsourcing that ABB Full Service is engaged in.

The Public vs. private movement has over the past decades identified numerous significant differences between public and private organizations. The observed differences covers almost every field in administrative economics ranging from organizational structure, management accounting, goal-setting and in the past few years even leadership. Strangely, in the majority of these studies little or no regards are given to organizational characteristics or fundamental differences between compared organizations and if these organizations really are comparable when studying the effect of sector.The aim of this study is to compare leadership in relatively similar organizations from both the public and private sector and so clarify if earlier identified differences in leadership styles still surface when leaders working with approximately the same thing in a similar work context are studied.A sample of 348 Swedish principals was drawn from both municipal and private elementary schools. The respondents answered a web-based survey based on the CPE-model resulting in leadership styles mapped according to three orientations: change, production and employee.

The purpose of this study was to find out why the law that regulates downloading copyrighted material does not work and which of the most important main reasons lies behind downloading behaviour. The phenomenon being well investigated earlier has actualized a new demand for normative investigation in connection with the hot debated IPRED-law.Using qualitative method comprising of interviews with three typical file sharers and anchored in Max Webers action typology, rational choice theory and the norm model followed by two assessment models, we found that four important reasons lies behind downloading behaviour: 1) economical reasons was the most central and frequent determinant followed by 2) accessibility and comfort, and 3) social acceptance and moral and also 4) habits. Although the content of the law was correctly provided by the interviewees, it was clear that they did not perceive the impact of the law as meaningful or threatening.The results, being compatible with previous research, are discussed in terms of the named theories and assessment models. We suggest further research to take into account peoples norms as the new IPRED-law soon will be functional as well as studies from a perspective of the legal rights of the individual..

Denna rapport handlar om arbetet med detaljplaner på ett Samhällsbyggnadskontor. Den försöker svara på två frågor. Hur kan man designa integration av olika applikationer, medier och work practices? Är metoder från Participatory Design (PD), Etnografi och CSCW lämpliga för att utforma en sådan designprocess? I min studie har jag använt mig av dessa metoder för att studera arbetet i sin kontext på kontoret, genom situerade intervjuer och observationer. Jag höll även en designworkshop tillsammans med några medarbetare på kontoret.

The aim of this study was to explore whether the patients? expectations of physiotherapy correspond with the physiotherapists? view of their own professional role. Two separate questionnaires were used, one to the patients and one to the physiotherapists, which questions were able to compare. Totally 41 patients and 6 physiotherapists answered the questionnaires. The low number of answers from the physiotherapists made it impossible to fulfil the purpose.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka sambandet mellan några lärares bedömning och olika pedagogiska grundteoriers kunskapssyn samt hur de tillsammans med lärarens egen kunskapssyn påverkar bedömningen. Utifrån uttalanden från 5 stycken utvalda lärare, tillsammans med den litteratur som vi läst har vi försökt att hitta samband. Den metod som användes var enskilda intervjuer, ur vilka uttalanden kopplades till den litteratur och de pedagogiska grundteoriernas kunskapssyn. Vi ställde frågor om hur dessa personer konstruerade sina prov samt hur de bedömer och dokumenterar sina elevers lärande. Hur lärarnas bedömning påverkats av de olika teoriernas kunskapssyn och hur skolväsendet har påverkats av dessa teorier försökte sedan knytas till behaviorism, kognitivism, konstruktivism och sociokulturell teoris olika kunskapssyner.

The purpose of my essay has been to illustrate any possible differences between pre-school teachers? and parents' views on the mission of the pre-school put in relation to the pre-school curriculum. In my study I have taken a starting point in the following questions:How do pre-school teachers understand the mission of the pre-school?Do pre-school teachers recognize the term baby-sitting from their profession?How do pre-school teachers perceive the parents' view on the mission of the pre-school?How concerned are the parents according to the pre-school teachers about the pedagogical activities of the pre-school?What do the pre-school teachers do to inform the parents about the pre-school curriculum and how aware do they think that the parents are of the curriculum?What are the plans of the pre-schools to fulfill the new part of the revised curriculum that comes into effect July 1 2011?I chose to utilize the qualitative method with the hermeneutics as a theoretical framework in my study and through interviews study my questions. The interviews were made with four pre-school teachers from different pre-schools in the south of Stockholm.

Childhood as a social category is under strucural redefinition. In this thesis the child and childhood are understood as socially constructed phenomenons. Focus is laid upon the construction of the concept ?in the best interest of the child? wich in The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is defined as beeing the foremost important view to take into account when decisions wich affect children are made. As the thesis shows, a concrete and universall view of the best interest of the child is lacking in practice and would in many cases be unfortunate.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the view on reading and reading promotion in the Culture of Reading (SOU 2012:65), based on three different approaches to reading and reading promotion; the pragmatic, the emancipatory and the traditionalistic. The thesis is based on the following questions; which view on reading can be seen in the Culture of Reading and which view on librarians? reading promotion can be seen in the Culture of Reading. To answer these questions, I am going to apply the aforementioned approaches on the Culture of Reading. The Culture of Reading is an official report from the Swedish government and parts of it will be subject to a qualitative content analysis.

Intraprenörskap är ett relativt okänt begrepp i jämförelse sin motsvarighet entreprenörskap. Intraprenören kan stå för förnyelse och mervärdesskapande inom en redan etablerad organisation. För att besvara problemformuleringen ?Vilken inverkan samt betydelse kan individen och den organisatoriska kontexten ha för intraprenörskap?? besvarades forskningsfrågornaFinns det några gemensamma egenskaper att identifiera bland intraprenörer som kan kopplas till dess innovativa arbete?Går det att identifiera några särskilda kontextuella förutsättningar som krävs för att intraprenörskap ska uppstå?Vem, vad eller vilka kan vara skapare av den intraprenöriella organisatoriska kontexten?Studien utfördes genom en kvalitativ metod med hermeneutiskt synsätt samt tolkning. Urvalet utgjordes av sex anställda intraprenörer inom olika organisationer, vilka belönats med bemanningsföretaget Talentia ABs pris för intraprenöriellt arbete.

The aim of this paper is to describe which view the Chinese government in connection with the Olympics wants to display for the natural world and analyze if this view coincide with China?s foreign-policy goals. A qualitative content analysis is used. By using the theory of rational choice and a model with three different political approaches I want to examine whether or not the foreign-policy goals of the Chinese regime comport with the view that displays in two major newspapers in China. Since the runoff voting in Moscow in 2001 for the 2008 Olympics the Chinese government has been able to act rational and to compose different strategies to use the Games in Beijing for political propaganda.

Very often we are likely to hear how important it is as adults to help small children and pupils out of bullying situations, both for the bullied one and the bully. What we often tend to forget is that bullying situations among adults are as common as the ones children put up with. The only difference is that the ones adults go through is a much more silent one, and the bullies often have a better strategy on how to beat down their victims slowly. Some of the cases also show that the bullying that is happening among adults is similar to the one between children. The risks in the bullying that occurs in the work environment are such as: bad self-esteem, doubting in their roles as professionals, anger, depression, anxiety and in some cases can be so dangerous that the suffered one eventually commits suicide.

According to science internal communication is a complicated, yet very important, issue of organizations today. An organization with a successful internal communication shows better results both economically and in terms of coworker satisfaction. The two main theories on communication are sensemaking and transmission. After a century with a transmissionary point of view, researchers stress the importance of sensemaking internal communication.Main question of this thesis is ?Which of the two main theories is the most useful when anchoring important messages in large organizations??According to the results of this study, conducted by interviews, neither one is more useful than the other.

The curriculum of the Swedish school system explains how the transitions between the preschool class and the pre-school should be. The co-operation between the organisations should aim for a long term perspective with the students learning process in mind (Lgr11).The pre-school has almost the same aim in their curriculum, as the curriculum of the Swedish school system.The aim with my study is to examine how the teachers from the different organizations relate to knowledge and how they look at the students social interactions. Also how the transition between the pre-school and the pre-school class is viewed from their point of view. How do the teachers from the different organisations comprehend knowledge?How do the teachers from the different organisations comprehend the social abilities?How do the teachers from the different organisations work and interact in terms of the transition between the pre-school and the pre-school class?The study that has been made is about the transitions between the pre-school and the pre-school class. It´s been investigated by doing interviews with teachers from both the pre-school and the pre-school class.