Bakgrund: Cancerpatienter som genomgår cytostatikabehandling riskerar att få svåra biverkningar. En av dessa är oral mukosit. Oral mukosit kan försämra en persons hälsotillstånd så mycket att ens självkänsla och livskvalitet rubbas. Oral mukosit kan orsaka tugg-, svälj- och talsvårigheter vilket kan leda till undernäring och viktminskning som i sin tur kan leda till försämrat allmäntillstånd. Oral mukosit påverkar patientens välbefinnande negativt.

There are several different kinds of bacteria that has developed resistance against the antibiotic agents used in todays medicine. Most of them has evolved from the human health care but several of them has gone over to also cause problems in the animal health care. They often occur as nosocomial infections and the greatest risk of exposure to them is during health care. Since infections with a resistant bacterium can be difficult to treat, it is desirable to prevent this spread, especially since an animal treated in a hospital often is more susceptible to infection, due to their primary condition. In Sweden the current resistance situation is good and is yearly monitored by the Swedish Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring (SVARM) programme.

This paper sets out to examine to what extent French grammar teaching contributes to the students? practical, oral skills. Are the students familiar with the grammatical system without knowing how to apply it orally in practice? The paper contains a theoretical background and an empirical survey. One quantitative and one qualitative method have been applied in the survey.

The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of computer consumption among boys in ninth grade, and to see if there were any differences with regards to physical activity, sleeping habits, breakfast habits and BMI. The study has cross sectional design with a comparative and a quantitative structure and is based on a former study called ?Food & Health 2007?.  The respondents were represented by 181 boys in ninth grade, recruited from ten different schools in the county of Uppsala, who were answering questions about media consumption, breakfast habits, physical activity and sleeping habits. Daily computer consumption was reported up to one hour for 12 % of the respondents, one to three hours for 65 % and over three hours for 42 %. The boys who had a high physical activity level were less frequent in computer consumption while those who had a low physical activity level spent more time by the computer.

The Nasometer is a non-invasive acoustic measuring instrument that quantifies the ratio ofnasal resonance in speech. It can be used as a complement to perceptual judgment of speech impediments, for example, in patients with cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Inorder to determine if a nasalance score is abnormal, it must be compared to norm data. The main purpose of the study was to collect reference nasalance scores in children between fourand five years of age in Linköping. An additional objective was to compare the results tonorm data collected in Umeå.

Munnen är ett viktigt organ vad gäller äldres fysiska, psykiska och sociala välbefinnande. Syftet med studien är att sammanställa sjuksköterskans syn på vilka faktorer och förhållande som spelar in på hur den orala vården utförs på äldre. Metoden för studien är en litteraturstudie. Resultatet visade att kunskapsbrist, rutinbrist, tidsbrist, utvärderingsredskap, oral hälsa i syfte att förebygga sjukdomar, etiska dilemma och samarbete med tandvården hade en stor betydelse för hur den orala vården utfördes. Kunskapsbristen ansågs vara kärnan till varför de äldres orala vård försummades av vårdpersonalen.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to examine alcohol and tobacco habits in men's soccer in the in Sweden and compare those habits in different divisions. The method we used in the study was aquantitative survey report. Two teams participated in the survey, one team from the fifth divisionand one from the second division. The respondents (n=34) are born between 1977 and 1996. The results turned out to be very interesting because it both confirm and denies our hypothesis that players in higher divisions use less tobacco and alcohol than players in lower divisions.

Syftet med studien var att belysa undersköterskors uppfattning om oral hälsa ochmunvård som utförs på inneliggande cancerpatienter.En kvalitativ studie har tillämpats med en intervjuguide som underlag. Åtta informanterintervjuades i anslutning till deras arbetsplats och intervjuerna varade 10-20 minuter.För att analysera intervjumaterialet användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultatet redovisas utifrån temat ?oral hälsa hos cancerpatienter viktigt men lågtprioriterat?. Att hjälpa patienterna med den dagliga munhygienen, upplevde inteinformanterna som något obehagligt utan såg det som en självklar del i sin yrkesroll.Informanterna upplevde även att den orala hälsan inte prioriterade och att det var svårtatt utföra munvård när patienterna nekade hjälp.Studiens slutsats visar att informanterna uppfattar den orala hälsan som en viktig del förpatientens välbefinnande men att munvård inte är det första som prioriteras hoscancerpatienter..

Abstract Emma BergdahlObstacles and opportunities among occupational health nurses when implementing healthy eating habits.C thesis in Public Health. Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies. University of Gävle. Autumn 2012 Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate which obstacles and opportunities nurses within occupational health find when trying to implement healthy eating habits among the employees in their respective company. Another objective was to see if the nurses worked according to the Guidelines, issued by the National Board of Health and Welfare.Method: The study was a quantitative study and conducted among nurses in central Sweden.

Möbius sequence is a rare condition where affected cranial nervesoften lead to speech deviations due to reduced oral motor functioning. Thisstudy aimed to survey speech deviations, compensatory strategies and selfperceptionof speech in seven people with Möbius sequence, and to linkthese to oral motor function and intelligibility. Additionally, the immediateeffects of smile surgery were investigated in one person. The abovementioneddomains were studied instrumentally, perceptually and throughstructured interviewing. All participants displayed reduced oral motorfunction.

AbstractPurpose: The purpose is to try to map todays research in the subject field, structure the problems dealt with and compile the empirical results obtained. In expectation of creating new moods of thought, approaches and ideas.Method: Secondary analyses on relevante literatureMain results: The usage of Internet will continue to increase, new habits will develop, the Internet will develop more and more to a hobby, the usage of Internet functions will increase.Keywords: Youth, Internet usage, Social changes, Everyday life, New styles of communications, New habits and experiences..

AbstractOur life-experiences and our background form the way we act and the activities we are involved in. The overall purpose in this thesis has been to study what habits are to be found in different activities related to the outdoors and how these habits have been developed. Hopefully this work can contribute to a better understanding of the meaning of habits in our lives and thereby play a part in a further differentiated talk about habits and knowledge in society. The background and my theoretical approach has been three views of habits:In practice these patterns of habits are not separable so this approach should be seen as a way of making the development of habits clearer. Another purpose is to study how the following concepts can be related to habits: Reflection, master-apprentice, episte?me, techne, phronesis, interest and tacit knowledge.

This study focuses on oral communication in the classroom involving discussion and dialogue amongst pupils, but also between teacher and pupil. The overall aim is to study the choices regarding the group composition and working methods that might occur in four individual teachers? lessons plans with the intention of increasing the pupils? knowledge through oral communication. The main focus is to explore what the teachers think of the choices they make and how they believe these changes affect the pupils. It is also focused on how the teachers perceive their pupils? learning is improved by oral communication and how they incorporate all pupils, especially the pupils who rarely participate in classroom activity.The methods used are qualitative studies using interviews and observations.

This study focuses on oral communication in the classroom involving discussion and dialogue amongst pupils, but also between teacher and pupil. The overall aim is to study the choices regarding the group composition and working methods that might occur in four individual teachers? lessons plans with the intention of increasing the pupils? knowledge through oral communication. The main focus is to explore what the teachers think of the choices they make and how they believe these changes affect the pupils. It is also focused on how the teachers perceive their pupils? learning is improved by oral communication and how they incorporate all pupils, especially the pupils who rarely participate in classroom activity.The methods used are qualitative studies using interviews and observations.

Bakgrund: Munnen kan inte ses som separat från resten av kroppen eftersom munhälsan påverkar den generella hälsan. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa betydelsen av användandet av munbedömningsinstrument för vårdpersonalen. Metod: Allmän litteraturstudie. Resultat: Genom en innehållsanalys framkom de två subkategorierna; Ger möjlighet att upptäcka och Tydliggör fortsatt behov av munbedömning. Dessa ledde till kategorin; Munbedömningsinstrumentet ger struktur.