Bakgrund: Cancerpatienter som genomgår cytostatikabehandling riskerar att få svåra biverkningar. En av dessa är oral mukosit. Oral mukosit kan försämra en persons hälsotillstånd så mycket att ens självkänsla och livskvalitet rubbas. Oral mukosit kan orsaka tugg-, svälj- och talsvårigheter vilket kan leda till undernäring och viktminskning som i sin tur kan leda till försämrat allmäntillstånd. Oral mukosit påverkar patientens välbefinnande negativt.

This essay examines middle school students? understanding of a text read aloud to them in English and the connection between the degree of listening comprehension and the expected increase of vocabulary throughout middle school. The same listening comprehension test was carried out in grades 4, 5 and 6 in a middle school in order to survey differences in English listening comprehension in regard to the ability to reproduce the content of an oral text. The result shows that there was a progression from level to level when it comes to comprehension and the number of words reproduced and that this progression was most noticeable between grades 4 and 5..

The aim of the study was to examine plaqueindex, gingivalindex and oral hygiene measure among patients between 20-26 years of age, who were treated at the Dental Hygienist Programme at the University of Kristianstad. The study was performed as a dental record. All 126 subjects with records in this age were including in the study. Sixteen records (13 %) were excluded because the criteria were not fulfilled. Plauqeindex, gingivalindex and oral hygiene measures were registered from 110 records.

This paper sets out to examine to what extent French grammar teaching contributes to the students? practical, oral skills. Are the students familiar with the grammatical system without knowing how to apply it orally in practice? The paper contains a theoretical background and an empirical survey. One quantitative and one qualitative method have been applied in the survey.

Mapping a process enables a greater understanding of the work, and is standard to evaluate and improve a process. This thesis is conducted at Test Bed Mechanical Design at Scania in Södertälje. Test Bed Construction is a complex process, characterized by a large amount of creative work, technical challenges and coordination between different people and different organizational functions.The aim of the thesis was to identify the Test Bed Construction Process and to develop a visual model of the workflow that also served as support for the engineers in their daily work. During the mapping process, comparisons were made with previous research in lean product development to identify process improvement.A literature review on process mapping and process visualisation resulted in a method for process mapping. The study showed that research on process visualisation is neither structured nor well defined.

The Nasometer is a non-invasive acoustic measuring instrument that quantifies the ratio ofnasal resonance in speech. It can be used as a complement to perceptual judgment of speech impediments, for example, in patients with cleft palate and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Inorder to determine if a nasalance score is abnormal, it must be compared to norm data. The main purpose of the study was to collect reference nasalance scores in children between fourand five years of age in Linköping. An additional objective was to compare the results tonorm data collected in Umeå.

Munnen är ett viktigt organ vad gäller äldres fysiska, psykiska och sociala välbefinnande. Syftet med studien är att sammanställa sjuksköterskans syn på vilka faktorer och förhållande som spelar in på hur den orala vården utförs på äldre. Metoden för studien är en litteraturstudie. Resultatet visade att kunskapsbrist, rutinbrist, tidsbrist, utvärderingsredskap, oral hälsa i syfte att förebygga sjukdomar, etiska dilemma och samarbete med tandvården hade en stor betydelse för hur den orala vården utfördes. Kunskapsbristen ansågs vara kärnan till varför de äldres orala vård försummades av vårdpersonalen.

Diabetes typ 2 ökar i hela världen, beräkningar har visat att prevalensen troligen kommer att öka till det dubbla år 2030. Att identifiera och behandla patienter som riskerar att utveckla sjukdomen är angeläget då personer med diabetes typ 2 löper ökad risk för att få komplikationer och andra sjukdomstillstånd som leder till stort lidande och förtida död. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att utifrån distriktssköterskans ansvarsområde beskriva primärpreventiva åtgärder och dess effekter för att förebygga diabetes typ 2 hos personer med nedsatt glukostolerans. En litteraturstudie med analys av 14 vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes och resultatet visade att studier som innehöll både kost och motionsintervention inklusive individuell eller gruppbaserad rådgivning hade goda långtidseffekter på riskfaktorerna för insjuknande av diabetes typ 2. Patienter med nedsatt glukostolerans har behov av stöd för att förändra sina levnadsvanor i strävan mot att förebygga eller skjuta upp insjuknande i diabetes typ 2.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Oral intake of green tea and its effect on the appearance of UV-induced erythema, erythema solare ? A systematic literature reviewAuthors: Ernita Antoni Mulliqi and Pernilla GustafssonSupervisor: Sofia KlingbergExaminer: Ingrid LarssonProgramme: Dietetics programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 10, 2013Background: UV irradiation of the skin can cause erythema, clinically called erythema solare. The condition can exert pain as well as discomfort and may in the long term lead to negative effects including skin cancer. Green tea contains catechins which are substances with anti-inflammatory effect that may have positive effects on the skin. The intake of green tea is believed to have a protective effect against UV irradiation, since green tea extracts in lotions in previous studies have shown to increase the skin tolerance level against UV irradiation.Objective: To examine the scientific basis and determine whether an oral intake of green tea has a protective effect against UV-induced erythema.Search strategy: Searches in the scientific databases PubMed and Scopus were made to find suitable articles.

Syftet med studien var att belysa undersköterskors uppfattning om oral hälsa ochmunvård som utförs på inneliggande cancerpatienter.En kvalitativ studie har tillämpats med en intervjuguide som underlag. Åtta informanterintervjuades i anslutning till deras arbetsplats och intervjuerna varade 10-20 minuter.För att analysera intervjumaterialet användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultatet redovisas utifrån temat ?oral hälsa hos cancerpatienter viktigt men lågtprioriterat?. Att hjälpa patienterna med den dagliga munhygienen, upplevde inteinformanterna som något obehagligt utan såg det som en självklar del i sin yrkesroll.Informanterna upplevde även att den orala hälsan inte prioriterade och att det var svårtatt utföra munvård när patienterna nekade hjälp.Studiens slutsats visar att informanterna uppfattar den orala hälsan som en viktig del förpatientens välbefinnande men att munvård inte är det första som prioriteras hoscancerpatienter..

Möbius sequence is a rare condition where affected cranial nervesoften lead to speech deviations due to reduced oral motor functioning. Thisstudy aimed to survey speech deviations, compensatory strategies and selfperceptionof speech in seven people with Möbius sequence, and to linkthese to oral motor function and intelligibility. Additionally, the immediateeffects of smile surgery were investigated in one person. The abovementioneddomains were studied instrumentally, perceptually and throughstructured interviewing. All participants displayed reduced oral motorfunction.

Society is characterized by patterns of behavior and interaction that is created and recreated inthe interplay between individuality/collectivity and freedom/constraint, thus represents avariety of social issues and social phenomena. One of these phenomena is social supportexchanges and social capital. In order to obtain views on how this might appear in a specificsociety and contribute to the knowledge about social support exchanges and social capital, thisstudy was done with seven families in a village in Nepal. The village and the families gave aview and an example of how it might look in a place where social support exchanges plays acrucial role in this way of living. Through observations and interviews I have tried to make thesocial support exchange areas and meanings visibile.

The aim of the study was to assess the speech outcome in children with cleft palate operated with the Gothenburg Technique at Maria Sklodowska Curie Children?s Hospital. Eighteen participants with unilateral cleft lip palate were recorded and assessed through a single word test. Percent consonants correct and cleft speech characteristics were calculated after phonetic transcription. Intelligibility ratings and velopharyngeal composite scores were reported.

This study focuses on oral communication in the classroom involving discussion and dialogue amongst pupils, but also between teacher and pupil. The overall aim is to study the choices regarding the group composition and working methods that might occur in four individual teachers? lessons plans with the intention of increasing the pupils? knowledge through oral communication. The main focus is to explore what the teachers think of the choices they make and how they believe these changes affect the pupils. It is also focused on how the teachers perceive their pupils? learning is improved by oral communication and how they incorporate all pupils, especially the pupils who rarely participate in classroom activity.The methods used are qualitative studies using interviews and observations.

This study focuses on oral communication in the classroom involving discussion and dialogue amongst pupils, but also between teacher and pupil. The overall aim is to study the choices regarding the group composition and working methods that might occur in four individual teachers? lessons plans with the intention of increasing the pupils? knowledge through oral communication. The main focus is to explore what the teachers think of the choices they make and how they believe these changes affect the pupils. It is also focused on how the teachers perceive their pupils? learning is improved by oral communication and how they incorporate all pupils, especially the pupils who rarely participate in classroom activity.The methods used are qualitative studies using interviews and observations.