Background: Diabetes mellitus Type 1 is one of the most common chronicle diseases in childhood. This signifies big changes in the daily life for the child and its family. Aim: The aim of the study was to illustrate the family?s situation when the child falls ill in Type 1 diabetes. Method: The search for literature has been done both manually and in databases.

The aim of this report is to create an easily accessible guide to basic hygiene, cleaning and disinfection within the small animal practice. It is based on a literature study, using mainly research from the public health sector, due to the lack of relevant scientific reports within the veterinary field. To prevent the spread of infectious diseases it is important that the staff understands the importance of basic hygiene. Hand hygiene and disinfection and cleaning with water and detergent combined are the most important routines to prevent spreading of disease. In conclusion the differences between the veterinary and the public health sector are small, but some basic differences exist due to the nature of the patient?s needs.

BakgrundStamcellsforskning har utvecklats de senaste årtiondena och är idag ett behandlingalternativ, för flertalet sjukdomar. Stamceller är ursprungsceller för alla typer av blodceller och vid transplantation används stamceller tagna från benmärg, navelsträngsblod och/eller perifert blod. Transplantationen kan antingen ske autologt, där personens egna stamceller används, eller allogent, där stamcellerna härstammar från en donator. Om kroppen avstöter de donerade stamcellerna sker en immunologisk reaktion kallad graft-versus-host disease.I samband med transplantationen genomgår personerna i regel cytostatikabehandling med eller utan kroppsbestrålning, vilket kan medföra negativa följder som bland annat påverkar personens förmåga att inta oral nutrition. För en sjuksköterska är det viktigt att uppmärksamma och lindra en persons sjukdomsupplevelse samt motverka komplikationer.

The eld of Brain-computer interfaces (BCI) concerns linking together an external device with the brain of a human or an animal. By doing this the conventional use of a mouse or keyboard can be circumvented, which can greatly benefit people with different types of diseases that cause paralysis or other loss of motor control, such as Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). A BCI can also be used for cognitive training of either healthy or mentally impaired subjects to increase cognitive capabilities.In this thesis an implementation of an interface is made against such a device, the Emotiv EPOC Headset. The result is meant to be a stable basis for further study using the device. An in-depth study of the history of EEG and its current use in clinical work and research in the topics of BCI as well as Human-computer interaction (HCI) is presented.

Results from previous studies have showed that people with depression has an impaired verbal fluency. The aim of this study was to investigate whether individuals with depression also generate more words containing negative valence. Controlled Oral Word Association test were administered to a group of 13 mildly depressed individuals and a group of 20 non depressed individuals. The fluency and valence of the words produced was analyzed.The results showed no significant differences between the groups regarding either verbal fluency or negative valence. However, a significant positive relationship was found between a negative mood and negative valence.

With this empirical essay I want to research how and why pedagogues use music in their preschool activities. Music is important to me and in relation to the new educational plan I have cautions about that the esthetic subjects may be less prioritized than before. The purpose with my study is to find out preschool pedagogues perspective in learning and evolving children?s educational matters through music. I base my literature theories in this study on Vygotskij and Fröbels theoretical perspectives.

The first two weeks in a pup's life is called the neonatal period. This period is dominated by growth and development of organs and senses. The puppy is born blind and deaf and the physiological disability makes it unable to move properly. The neonatal period is characterized by a lot of sleeping. The pup receives the important milk and warmth from the bitch.

The tomato is an important crop worldwide, and in recent years it has received great attention due to its rich content of carotenoids, which in studies indicate to have health benefiting properties. Many studies have been done in this area of research and in how to optimize the carotenoid content in tomatoes and tomato products. The objectives of this essay were to summarize present data in this field. The results were as follows:There are nine different carotenoids identified in tomatoes. Lycopene and ?-carotene are the ones that have been given the greatest attention.

Vårt syfte med examensarbetet har varit att undersöka hur förskollärare och föräldrar arbetar med barnlitteratur och högläsning i förskola och hem. Vi intervjuade därför fyra förskollärare samt lät föräldrarna till de barn som går på intervjupersonernas avdelningar fylla i en enkät. För att få kunskap om varför och hur man kan arbeta med barnlitteratur och högläsning använde vi oss av litteraturundersökning. Genom vårt intervjumaterial fann vi att förskollärarna arbetar med barnlitteratur och högläsning i olika grad och med olika metoder. Alla föräldrar i vår enkätundersökning läser högt för sina barn.

Introduktion: Hos hemlösa är behovet av tandvård stort. En frisk mun förknippas med välbefinnande, ökad självkänsla och livskvalité.Syfte: Att beskriva hur tandvårdspersonal, dagcenterpersonal och en socialtjänsteman uppfattar de hemlösas egen syn på sin munhälsa.Material och metod: kvalitativ undersökning där semi-strukturerade intervjuer användes.Urval: Studien baserades på fyra intervjuer. Informanterna i studien var i sin profession tandläkare, tandhygienist, tjänsteman på socialförvaltningen och en person som tjänstgjorde på ett dagcenter.Resultat: Presenterades i fyra kategorier, socialt hinder, tandvårdsrädsla, akut smärta och hopp om förändring. Tandvårdsrädsla har två tillhörande underkategorier, trygghet och tillit och att känna sig utlämnad. Dessa kategorier återger informanternas upplevelse i kontakten med hemlösa.Konklusion: Hemlösa upplever frustration över att det tar lång tid att få hjälp med sin tandvård..

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer diseases among women worldwide. Breast cancer brings fear into many womens? life. It is a threat against life, but also to the psychological health, self-esteem and the female identity. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to describe newly breast cancer patient?s perception of information provided by healthcare personnel.

Tolerance and resistance are two different defence mechanisms within the immune system that differ from each other in many ways: However it is not clear which of the two is the most advantageous in dairy production. Resistance is described as the ability to fight a pathogen in a host. Tolerance is, on the other hand, not aggressive to the pathogen per se, but rather protects the host and its tissues. Furthermore tolerance rather offsets the toxin from, for example, a parasite whilst resistance offsets the parasite itself. Resistance is however disease specific, which means breeding for a large number of diseases is needed in order to make resistance worth the cost for the host.

The agriculture in Sweden today uses chemical substances to control vermin, weed and diseases. This usage shows through polluted subsoil water and trace elements in the food we eat. There?s a risk that additional symptoms will arise in the future. Our product Sha Jun, developed in 2006-2007, is an attempt to try and minimize the need of chemicals in the agriculture. The idea started with the attempt to minimize the usage of pesticides on the cropland.

SAMMANFATTNING                                                                                             Syftet med interventionsstudien var att undersöka om ROAG (revised oral assessment guide) munbedömningsinstrument förbättrade sjuksköterskor bedömning av cancerpatienters munhälsa på en palliativ vårdenhet.Metoden hade en kvasiexperimentell design med en journalgranskning före och efter en intervention. Interventionen bestod av en kortare utbildning av munhälsa samt införandet av ROAG munbedömningsinstrumentet.Resultatet visade att både bedömningar och åtgärder av munhälsan har ökat statistiskt signifikant jämfört med före interventionen på den palliativa vårdenheten, resultatet visar också att det inte alltid finns rätt koppling mellan symtom och åtgärd.Slutsats ROAG munbedömningsinstrument är ett bra verktyg för sjuksköterskor att använda för att bedöma munhälsan på en palliativ vårdenhet, men det räcker inte bara med ROAG munbedömningsinstrument utan det behövs kontinuerlig utbildning för att förbättra bedömningar och åtgärder ..

The purpose of this study is to investigate two Handelsbanken offices and how they work in similar ways when dealing with internal communication. The goal is to answer if and in what way the managers` and the employes perceive their internal communication at the two bank officies. By a comparation between the two decentralisized officies the aim is also to study what differences and/or similarities that exists in internal communications?Are managers and employees satisfied with the communication that flows in the organization? I find it interesting to investigate in wheather there exist a similarity in the internal communication between the managers and the employees since it is a decentralized organization.I have made five semi-structured interviews with two managers at two different Handelsbanken offices. Additionally two interviews with two employes at one of the offices and also one interview at the other Handelsbanken office.By the study I have found that all respondents have a positive impression according the internal communication.