Shivering är ett fenomen som uppstår hos patienterna postoperativt. Det innebär att patienten har okontrollerbara muskelskälvningar som gör att patienten darrar, skälver eller huttrar i mer än 15 sekunder. Shivering påverkar kroppen negativt, men är också obehagligt och ett onödigt lidande för patienten. I takt med den tekniska utvecklingen utarbetas nya operationstekniker och idag utförs flera operationer med laparoskopisk teknik. Pilotstudiens syfte var att undersöka före-komsten av postoperativ shivering hos patienter som opererats med laparoskopisk teknik.

The main objective of this study was to investigate the possible design of a horticultural therapy program in Swedish correctional treatment facilities. In the USA the use of horticultural therapy in offender rehabilitation is much more frequent compared with Sweden. The aim of these programs typically contains education for inmates. Research has been made indicating that these programs can have positive effects on psychosocial behavior and on vulnerability to substance abuse among incarcerated offenders. In this study the examples of these programs was categorized and analyzed from three perspectives; Vocational, social and therapeutic horticultural programs.

The purpose of this study was to get a client perspective of the different ways to exit from a different role as a drugabuser, and furthermore, how to maintain a drugfree life.The questions of issue were:- What kind of social-psychological conceptions rules the process?- Which motive powers are essential to maintain drug-independence?- Are there any difficulties on the path to social adaptation?Our research was based on interviews with eight persons; five men and three women, from a treatment home in the south of Sweden. The method we used was semi-structured and with a thematic questionnaire. We chose this form due to the fact that we did not want to influence the interviews, as we wanted to know the persons opinions.The result of our study showed that the interviewed persons have some difficulties to adjust in the society and to find new friends especially the interviewed persons with maintenance treatment. Marginal problems as, for example, the lack of not having a work or a home can complicate a further development for the group with maintenance treatment.

The aim of this thesis has been to investigate women's experience of the Methadone maintenance treatment and what help they believe they need to be able to recover and to improve their social life and whether the medical- and social workers share the similar view.Our method of investigation has been qualitative interviews with four women in the program, two nurses and a counsellor at the methadone clinic and two social workers, who have female clients in the program.The questions at issue were:* how did the women describe their life situation during treatment, compared to the situation they had while they were addicted to narcotics,* did the women experience that the treatment they get in the methadone maintenance program is giving them a better social life situation,* did the employees at the clinic and at the social office share the similar view about the treatments as the female patients?Main problems seemed to be; meeting new non-addictive friends and finding something to do. We could se that, in different ways, they need more support. It wasn't always clear to the people who work with them whose responsibility it was, depending on workplace and/or personality..

The purpose of the study was to examine if Talking Mats® couldsupport communication and participation for people with Huntington?sdisease, carers and a dental hygienist in conversation about oral care. Elevendyads, a person with Huntington's disease and a carer, participated.Conversations with and without mats were video recorded and compared.Each participant responded to a questionnaire about how they experiencedthe conversations. Analysis with Effectiveness Framework of FunctionalCommunication showed that two participants increased their communicativeeffectiveness using Talking Mats®. Feelings of participation increased forall participants and were significantly higher for participants withHuntington's disease.

Bakgrund: Gynekologisk cancer drabbar ungefär 2800 kvinnor i Sverige varje år och är därmed bland kvinnor den näst största diagnosgruppen efter bröstcancer. Denna cancerform drabbar ett mycket privat område vilket innebär att den ofta omges av starka känslor och upplevs som svår att prata om.   Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva kvinnors fysiska och psykosociala upplevelse av att ha överlevt gynekologisk cancer. Metod: En litteraturstudie har gjorts utifrån granskning av åtta vetenskapliga artiklar. Via en manifest innehållsanalys har fyra huvudteman identifierats.Resultat: Att leva i en förändrad kropp: kvinnorna lever med en del kvarstående kroppsliga förändringar till följd av sjukdom och behandling. Det handlar om såväl konkreta fysiska symtom, men även om hur de här förändringarna påverkar kvinnorna, känslomässigt och psykosocialt. Ensamhet i mötet med sig själv och andra: kvinnornas upplevelse av överlevandet som en ensam process och avsaknad av stöd från närstående och sjukvård.

This study uses qualitative research consisting of six semi-structural interviews of treatment workers who, in various capacities, have worked with men who use violence against their female partners. The purpose has been to show what the treatment counselor understand to be the reasons behind the men?s violence, what kind of backgrounds and problems they believe these abusers have and, lastly, how they view the male abusers as clients. The empirical data was analyzed through four perspectives and explanatory models derived from the past thirty years of Scandinavian research on the reasons behind men?s violence against women.

Bakgrund: Den palliativa hemsjukvården av cancerpatienter har ökat och fortsätter att öka. För att palliativ hemsjukvård ska fungera krävs ofta att anhöriga tar ett stort ansvar i vården. Ser inte vårdpersonalen deras problem så finns det risk att för stor börda läggs på de anhöriga. Syfte: Studiens syfte var att belysa anhörigas upplevelser av att ha en anhörig med cancer som vårdas palliativt i hemmet. Metod: En litteraturstudie av åtta vetenskapligt granskade artiklar gjordes.

Bakgrund: Varje år får föräldrarna till ca 300 barn beskedet att deras barn har cancer. Trots bra vård och god forskning är cancer den vanligaste dödsorsaken för barn upp till 15 år. Efter förlusten måste föräldrarna hantera alla de psykiska och fysiska symtom som händelsen medför. Med en ökad förståelse hos sjuksköterskan kan man lindra föräldrarnas lidande och öka deras välbefinnande.Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser i samband av att förlora ett barn i cancer.Metod: Studien utgår ifrån sju självbiografier som analyserades med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Efter förlusten av sitt barn är föräldrarna i ett stort behov av stöd. Känslor som uppstod vid bortgången var väldigt individuellt och varierade mellan lättnad och sorg.

Preventive measurements as well as clinical caries diagnostics are vital to retain a good dental health in the population. In order for optimal caries diagnostics radiographs are used. There is a great intra- and intervariation regarding cariesprogression. A large number of tools for cariesprevention at home or in the clinic are today used. The aim of this journal study was to compare the progression of carieslesions in the approximal area, diagnosed on radiographs, and preventive measures used to reduce cariesprogression between two examine dates on two dental clinics.

För de patienter som behandlas för obotlig cancer har det blivit allt vanligare att vården ges i hemmet. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vilka faktorer som medverkar till att patienter med avancerad cancer kan känna trygghet i samband med vård i hemmet. Litteraturstudiens resultat utgår från 15 vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes i databaserna Pubmed och Cinahl. Resultatet beskrevs i fyra teman; hoppfullhet trots sjukdom, familjens betydelse, symtomkontroll och omvårdnad.Resultatet visade att patienter med avancerad cancersjukdomi stor utsträckning önskar att få vård i hemmet. För att möjliggöra detta krävs professionellt stöd tillsammans med närståendes insatser.

Bakgrund: Att drabbas av cancer kan innebära en chock och många hamnar i en tillfällig kris. Diagnosen kan väcka många känslor som kan vara svåra att hantera. Känslan av hopp kan hos en svårt sjuk människa bli försvagad men genom att ge den näring kan hoppet återvända. Hopp har många olika dimensioner och instrument har utvecklats för att objektivt kunna mäta begreppet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur hoppet kan påverkas hos vuxna patienter med cancer.

Introduction: Anxiety and depression are common among patients enrolled in psychiatric outpatient care. Ear Acupuncture is an alternative form of treatment that has been shown to relieve anxiety and depression in previous studies.Aim: To evaluate ear acupuncture as a group treatment for depression and anxietyMethod: A psychiatric outpatient clinic has been offering group treatments with ear acupuncture for anxiety and depression for 5 weeks. Participants of the study have answered self-rating scales Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory and Sheehan Disability scale before and after the treatment period. Material was collected in the period 2008-2012 and has been analyzed in SPSS.Results: Data from 31 patients were included in the study. The results from the study showed a significant difference, between the measurements before and after treatment, with a reduction of the average values in the three different scales.Summary: From this study, it is difficult to draw any conclusions about the effect of ear acupuncture.

The return of large predators to regions where they were previously extirpated has created a need for knowledge about their effect on prey species, not only their lethal but also their behavioural or risk effects. In this study the behavioural risk effects of brown bear (Ursus arctos) were tested on fallow deer (Dama dama), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), moose (Alces alces) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). This was done by using patches of fur to simulate the presence of the novel predator (brown bear), a novel nonpredator (reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and no fur as control. These three treatments were then compared. The response variables measured were increased vigilance, decreased feeding time and change in patch use.

The aim of the present literature study was to define and describe the area ?compliance in veterinary medicine? (i.e. the way treatment recommendations are being performed) and discuss the factors that influence the level of compliance. Based on the findings, a model that intended to increase compliance in orthopedic postoperative rehabilitation of dogs was designed. In the daily work as a veterinary nurse it is essential that one provides the best possible care to the animals from the beginning to the end of the treatment.