This is a diploma thesis executed as a part of the examination of the educationalprogram Building engineer ? Construction management at Halmstad University. The aim of the thesis is to compare and evaluate conventional open-cut pipe-laying withhorizontal directional drilling. The thesis includes a comparison of the economic,environmental and time-based aspects of both methods and discusses which factorsthat determine the optimal choice of method.The study is mainly based on previous studies regarding the subject and oninterviews with professionals from the industry.A fictional project with five realistic cases of pipe-laying scenarios was compiled,sent to different companies for calculation, evaluated and compared. Our conclusionregarding when it?s suitable to use which method is entirely dependent on thespecific project.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur man kan mäta matematisk kreativitet på olika sätt och att jämföra den matematiska kreativiteten mellan olika åldrar och mellan könen. 142 elever från åk 6, åk 8 och åk 1 i gymnasiet gjorde två test, test A och test B. Resultaten från test A visade att eleverna i stor omfattning saknar den kreativitet som behövs för att inte fortsätta att använda samma strategi när den inte är optimal längre. I detta test visade pojkarna bättre resultat än flickorna. När det i test B gällde att komma på många rätta lösningar var det deltagarna från åk 8 som visade större kreativitet än de övriga deltagarna i detta test.

SAMMANFATTNING En av sjuksköterskans dagliga omvårdnadsåtgärder är att lägga in och ansvara för patientens omvårdnad i samband med perifer venkanyl. Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka hur handläggningen och bristerna beskrivs i samband med att patienten erhåller en perifer venkanyl, samt att ge ett förslag hur vårdprocessen som modell kan motverka brister i den kliniska handläggningen av perifer venkanyl. Undersökningen har genomförts som en litteraturstudie där resultatet grundar sig på vetenskapliga artiklar och två böcker inom området. En kombination av Eriksson och Atkinson & Murrays vårdprocessmodeller har använts som utgångspunkt i studien. Deras modeller bygger på fyra faser och kan tillämpas i alla vård situationer.

Background and problem: Since the new law took place in 1999, it has been illegal towash a car with substances that can damage the environment on a paved street or on a driveway through a garage. This has conveyed to a new industry where more and more self-service car wash facility have opened around the country. Vetlanda Vägkrog AB has since 2012 been planning to install manual self-service car wash facility at the back of their restaurant business. The authors mission was to make an analysis in order to examine whether an investment of carwashes are lucrative enough for Vetlanda Vägkrog AB.Aim: The study's main objective was to analyze the profitability of an investment in a self-service car wash facility at Vetlanda Vägkrog AB, based on given data. The authors sub-aim was to clarify which factors in general that had played the greatest part in the establishment of a self-service car wash facility.Method: The authors have used an abductive approach in order to fulfill the aim of the study.

The water level of Lake Mälaren has been regulated since the 1940?s. A recentinvestigation suggests that the current regulation needs to be adjusted in order toprevent a decline in water level, salt water from infiltrating from Lake Saltsjön,and risk of floodings. In addition to these preventions, the new regulation couldpotentially effect the natural environment and agriculture practices in the lowlands that surround the lake. The new regulation proposal calls for an increase invariations in Mälaren?s water level during seasons, while the annual mean waterlevel will remain the same.

Studies have shown that library employees often choose not to use readers? advisory tools but to instead rely entirely on their own experience, often doing the library user a disservice. However, very few have looked at why this is so. This thesis looks at to what extent thirty individual employees in thirty Swedish public libraries use readers advisory tools when helping a patron find a good book, with the major focus on what motivates them to use these tools and why some choose not to use them. It was found that readers? advisory tools where not used with any consistency and that many things influence the library employees? use of these tools.

This Masters thesis work describes a comparison between two different methods for estimation of the down channel (base station to mobile subscriber) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). The first estimation method, Optimal Feed-forward Channel Estimation (OFCE), is a conventional method that bases the estimates on data that is known to both sender and receiver, so called pilots. The second method, Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE), is an elaboration of OFCE. It also uses user data for estimation. Simulations show that DDCE, in comparison to OFCE, does not attain an improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for high bit error rates (BER).

Den främsta uppgiften som sjukgymnasten har vid rehabilitering av neurologiska skador är att identifiera uppkomna funktionsstörningar som påverkar patientens situation och vilka resurser som finns kvar. Det är också viktigt att sjukgymnasten arbetar motivationshöjande och finns som stöd för patient och anhöriga. Syfte: Beskriva sjukgymnasters upplevelser av sin egen roll inom neurorehabilitering. Material och Metod: Totalt inkluderades fem sjukgymnaster i Norrbottens län i studien. Kvalitativa intervjuer utfördes utefter en frågeguide.

In 2007 the Swedish government appointed a commission of inquiry with the task to submit a proposal of reduction in the requirement of a minimum legal capital for private limited liability companies. The commission of inquiry?s main proposal involved a reduction to SEK 50,000 compared to the prevailing SEK 100,000. Following a complementary proposal from the Justice Department suggesting a reduction to SEK 1, this paper aims at providing an understanding of the function and purpose of a minimum legal capital and the consequences that follows from an abolition of the statutory capital requirement. The thesis concludes that the legal capital?s main purpose is that of a standard contract internalizing the shareholder?s risk in business.

The aim of this study was to develop a simple model for calculating stock costs for bio fuel at Billerud Karlsborg and subsequently recommending a suitable stock level of bio fuel. The stock components considered in the model are GROT (branches and tops), bark, dry wood chips, raw wood chips from barking and sawdust. The calculations are based on a probability distribution of historical deviations between ordered and delivered volumes. The model presents two different ways to manage the supply in case of irregular deliveries. The first way is to stock enough volume to cover the deviations and the second way is to compensate with a quick purchase from the spot market (at extra high purchase prices).

This candidate thesis contains the possibility of expand the Swedish photovoltaic market through photovoltaic cooperatives and a photovoltaic exchange. In the current situation there is a lot of problems with production of electricity from photovoltaic, that?s why we show some possibilities how to avoid these. To understand the problem with photovoltaic produced electricity we first give you a background.We show how to expand the Swedish photovoltaic market by describing how a photovoltaic cooperative and photovoltaic exchange could work in Sweden. It have been confirmed from our market research that the interest of photovoltaic cooperative and exchange is high.To find out how profitable photovoltaic is in Sweden, have three projections been made.

The question of whether financial analysts can forecast stock movements or not has been widely debated for many years. This study examines if an investor has been able to receive an excess return by following financial analysts? recommendations. We continue by studying if an investor has been able to earn a different excess return by following different types of recommendations. The study includes more than 15,000 recommendations made by 10 first tier banks and brokerages on the Swedish market during the years 2003-2007.

Bakgrund: Anorexia nervosa innebär att under en tid avsiktligen undvika intag av kaloririk föda. Ofta går även kroppsaktiviteten till överdrift. Statistik visar på att en procent av Sveriges befolkning i åldrarna 13-30 har diagnosen. Då sjukdomen inte är ovanlig är det av stor vikt att sjuksköterskan har kunskap om sjukdomen och personernas upplevelse. Syfte: Personers upplevelse av att leva med anorexia nervosa.

Today's society is characterized by constant changes. In order to adapt to the development, organizations must continuously come up with innovations and invest in new projects. As a result, the responsibility of organizations' leaders has increased. Parallel with this development, more and more firms incorporate mindfulness in the organizations, and many managers choose to practice mindfulness themselves. This case study is based on interviews with business leaders that have completed a course in mindfulness.

This is a literature review of how the climate change affects the forest growth innorthern Sweden. The temperature will rise about 5 °C with the largest increase in thewinter season (December - February) and the CO2level in the atmosphere is expected tobe doubled. Precipitation patterns will change and increase with 25-35 % and theprecipitation will be in form of rain rather than snow. Today the forests in northernSweden are entirely dominated by coniferous stands. This may shift with the climatechange and results in a larger number of deciduous trees, preferably birch will becomestronger and grow better and faster.