Our essay starts with two self-experienced stories where we describe how we as pedagogues act when children do not behave as we wish. We examine the different perspectives that can influence us pedagogues to act as we do. Our narrative about Kevin, seven years old, shows how he is excluded from his school mates as they perceive him as disruptive. Also the narrative about Pelle six years old is about his dislike of an activity he is forced to attendag ainst his will.The study is based on a hermeneutical method where, through the interpretation of different perspectives, we discuss several aspects that affect us in our actions. The perspectives we have chosen to highlight are treatment of children, organization, power structures, communication and reflection.Our narratives differ from each other in the way that the recreation instructor Ulrika has no mandate over her situation on this particular day she helps as an extra support in a class atschool.

Background:The adult inpatient psychiatric care is regulated by law and allows certain amount of coercion, most commonly restraint, forced medication and seclusion. To be treated according to this law you need to suffer from a serious mental disorder, oppose to the care and have an indispensable need of care. Many studies describe patients experiences to be treated with coercion but few about health care workers experiences.Aim:To describe health care workers experiences of performing coercion in psychiatric compulsory care.Method:A literature review was made and eight articles is the basis for the result.Results:From the articles used inthis study four themes were created. These are coercions impact on relations, health care workers feelings during coercion, coercion as a necessary evil and health care workers need for reflection. The themes are presented as headlines in the result.Conclusion:To use coercive measures brings out many different feelings among health care workers.

The acoustics in a control room is a complicated phenomenon. Early reflections, reverberation time and area in the room are some of the problems. This report is about the reflection on the mixing console in a control room. The control room being built, these reflections are difficult to take into consideration since the mixing console is one of the very last items you place in the room. This report will explain three main measurements that were done in order to get the answer to the following question: Does the mixing console interfere the frequency curve at listening position? Three measurements were done and the difference between the measurements was that the microphone and the loudspeakers were placed in different places in the control room.

This work is based on qualitative interviews with four educationists who before their university studies lack education in their own field of work. The study aims to explore how higher learning influenced and affected these people. As a theoretical point of view the concept of implicit learning and Aristotle?s epistemological approach was used. The study gives an idea that the concept of knowledge is advanced and can go from practical experience to more theoretical understandings.

Mitt arbete handlar om mötet mellan rysk konstruktivism och science fiction. Detta har jag gestaltat i ett textilt rum inspirerad av science fictionkarraktären Doktorn ur Doctor Who. Doktorn är en utomjording av en långt mer utvecklad art och från en mer avancerad civilisation än människorna, som reser i tid och rum i sitt tids-och rymdskepp TARDIS. Jag har designat ett rum som är min textila tolkning av TARDIS innersta. Arbetet kretsar kring tankar om gestaltning av en flerdimensionalitet som bara kan anas, inte ses eller förstås.

The problem of separating a non-rectangular foreground image from a background image is a classical problem in image processing and analysis, known as matting or keying. A common example is a film frame where an actor is extracted from the background to later be placed on a different background. Compositing of these objects against a new background is one of the most common operations in the creation of visual effects. When the original background is of non-constant color the matting becomes an under determined problem, for which a unique solution cannot be found. This thesis describes a framework for computing mattes from images with backgrounds of non-constant color, using Bayesian statistics.

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyses educators? experiences of reflective conversations in their teams and part of teams in relation to their work with pupils in need of special support. Ten educators representing ten different teams have been interviewed since all had experiences of working in teams and working with pupils in need of special support. Focus has been on the educators? experiences of the organisation, the effects of the reflections and the need to develop the reflective conversations in their teams and part of teams.

The essay examines managers reflection after attending a leader development program. When examining their thoughts the author starts out from the assumption that leader development programs with reflecting elements can create reflection on management/leadership and the organisations management behaviour. The examination is done whit help of a case study on a company in the paint industry. To test the assumption the author uses a combination of questioners and interviews on eight managers who has finished a leader development program. The result is analysed by bringing forward the managers general assumptions an by finding relations between opinions on needs, existing norms and preferred management/leadership.

The main purpose of this study is to view the aims of the local authority of Botkyrka for their prehistoric village, and to compare those with the actual activities in the village.Because of no official formulated aims, the study were laboured through interviews, observations, analysis of evaluations and a parallell literature study.For the visiting pupils today, the village has an introduction, but not a follow-up. Pedagogically the follow-up is the most important part, seeing that it?s there the knowledge is created in relation to the experience.Through experience-pedagogy, based on learning by doing, try to attain an experience intended to generate knowledge. But in this case, the focus lands on doing, and the reflection fails to occur. This is a learning based on the situation, rather than on the reflection, situated learning..

The aim of this essey is to examine how teachers´ work with individual development plans (IDP) can contribute to an intercultural leadership and inclusion. The interwied teacherss ay that IDP forces them to reflect critically on their thinking on aspects as learning methods, gender and ethnicity. It makes them listen to -and think - in new and more including ways to adapt to each pupils individual possibilities to achieve the curriculum standards within the common area. That requires lots of resources like extra teachers and new material.An active reflection can make ethnocentrism develop into intercultural competence. That is a listening, critical and diversified thinking prepared to deconstruct and create new ways of thinking in relation to different pupils and situations.

Introduktion: Dental erosion definieras som förlust av tandens hårdvävnad genom en kemisk process som inte involverar bakterier. Dagens förändrade livsstil och kosthållning medför att våra tänder oftare utsätts för kemisk påverkan som kan leda till erosion. Det är flera faktorer som samverkar och dental erosion har en multifaktoriell etiologi.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva olika registreringsmetoder för dental erosion.Frågeställningar: Vilka metoder kan användas för registrering av initial erosion? Vilka metoder kan användas för registrering av avancerad erosionsskada? Vilka metoder är kliniskt beprövade på patient?Metod: LitteraturstudieResultat: Ett flertal registreringsmetoder fanns beskrivna i litteraturen, merparten var inte applicerbara kliniskt. Registeringsmetoderna som framgick i den beskrivande litteraturstudien var: 3D scanning microscope (IFM), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Digital photography (DP), Focus-variation 3D microscopy (FVM), Longitudinal microradiography (LMR), Non-contact confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Optical assessment, Optical profilometry (OP), Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Stylus profilometry (SP), Ultrasound, White light interferometry (WLI) och X-ray diffraction (XRD).Konklusion: Vid registrering av initial erosion krävs analys av tandytans mineralinnehåll samt optiska analyser med hjälp av instrument.

The main objective of this study was to find out what pedagogical documentation does and to get knowledge of what you may need to consider in order starting a process of change with a focus on pedagogical documentation. To get answers to my questions, the study is based on pedagogical theories from scientists and interviews with three preschool teachers who have different experience on documentation. My main questions were: What characterizes a pedagogical documentation? What tools / materials do I need to do a pedagogical documentation? What is important to consider when starting the process of change with pedagogical documentation? The result shows that pedagogical documentation is an approach that is based on that one is curious, interested, observant, listens, talking and researching with children and colleagues. You give the kids great participation which you can then pick up the children's learning processes and reveals that the business and the children develop according to curriculum objectives.

Empirical research shows that a possible reason why Swedish students mathematical knowledge deteriorates can be a too big focus on imitative reasoning, i.e. recalling solutions or follow algorithms, and a lack of creative mathematical reasoning, i.e. when a student construct his/her own solution and motivates its plausibility with mathematically well-founded arguments. The purpose of this study is therefore to examine if, and in what way, lecturers can provide students an opportunity to learn creative reasoning by simulating creativity in their presentations of examples. Six lectures were observed and 22 task situations were analyzed with respect to three aspects; reflection, plausibility and mathematical foundation, which are to be present in the situation if the reasoning will be seen as simulated creative.

Platelet aggregation is a major and common problem in blood samples from cats. This greatly affects the accuracy of counting of the platelets. Because of the difficulties in counting feline platelets, results for patients and reliable reference values for cat platelets are currently so inaccurate as to be almost useless in diagnosis of thrombocytopenia. In this study we used an effective method to prevent platelet aggregation. Blood was collected in CTAD test tubes and prostaglandin E1 was added to the blood sample.

The aim of this thesis is to study the teaching methods that provide the greatest learning effect for children in grades 6 in the subject of physics. One class was divided into three equal groups, each group was educated in a specific way. The three teaching methods that have been investigated are: film with reflection, laboratory work and traditional lecture- teaching. The research question of the study is: "Which method of three selected, causes the greatest understanding of the properties of air??.