Today there is an even higher demand on IT-projects success rate compared to a few years ago. IT-projects must be handled more efficiently and result in a more profitable investment. In order to make the handling of IT-projects more efficient and create profitability the developers must have a broad understanding of the IT-projects characteristics and which factors that affect the result of the projects. Changes within IT-projects are often carried out through the development of a system. Since this change is more common when it comes to IT-projects it is important to handle risk and change within these kinds of projects in order to prevent and avoid uncontrolled changes.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe the change at Myndigheten and analyze its implementation to identify the employees' attitudes towards the change. The survey of attitudes is important to provide indicators of how they may affect the continued implementation of the process-oriented approach.Research methodology: This thesis is based on both quantitative and qualitative method. Surveys have been implemented on co-workers/employees and an interview has been implemented on a project participant.Theoretical framework: This thesis uses theories of organizations, organizational changes and attitudes.Conclusions: Both positive and negative attitudes are found for the employees and these attitudes are mainly weak. If Myndigheten makes interventions, it can help to minimize the negative consequences that the attitudes may lead to. By doing this the commitment for the change will increase, which is critical for the change to succeed..

The aim of the study was to compare how the population of pine (Pinus sylvestris) and spruce (Picea abies) have changed between 1927 and 2013 in the oak landscape south of Linköping. A field study was carried out in 22 two kilometre lines which also had been studied in 1927. In these lines, which where ten meters broad and had a direction from west to east, the pines and spruces were counted, measured and classified by steam diameter. The obtained result was that the basal steam area (m²/ha) had increased for pine (44%) and spruce (57%) between 1927 and 2013. The amount of trees had increased in all diameter classes except thinner pine and spruce with a diameter of 5-10cm.

This bachelor thesis is studying the INTERREG cooperation between Denmark and Germany, and if there has been a change to the organization and the individual conditions due to the Danish regional reform in 2007. The research method used is semi-structured interviews and the participants are a mixture of politicians and civil servants. The study is based on two themes, change in work routines and cooperation, and change in visions and targets.The participants have experienced change, both positive and negative, in work routines and cooperation and to a lesser extent in visions and targets. Preparation is the key to success and makes the transition much easier, which has been the case for Denmark. Other mentioned aspects are more work due to more complicated applications, and that the politicians so far lack a regional perspective and tend to stick to the local.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka med vilka grunder det direkta flygunderstödetunder ?Operation OVERLORD? genomfördes. Min undersökning studerar USAAF (UnitedStates Army Air Force) och dess flygunderstöd i den europeiska delen av andra världskriget.Detta innebär att uppsatsen avgränsas till det direkta amerikanska flygunderstödet på deneuropeiska arenan.Mitt intresse för ämnet väcktes i somras när det var exakt sextio år sedan landstigningen vidNormandie genomfördes. Detta uppmärksammades stort med olika evenemang. Som flygareär det av naturliga skäl särskilt intressant vilken roll flygstridskrafterna spelat i olika insatser.När landstigningen genomfördes under sommaren 1944 var andra världskriget inne på sittfemte år.

C-reaktivt protein (CRP) är ett akutfasprotein som ökar snabbt och kraftigt vid inflammationstillstånd och vars nivå korrelerar väl med inflammationstillståndets omfattning och allvarlighetsgrad. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka förändring av CRP-koncentration i serum hos hund i samband med kirurgi, om association kunde ses mellan vissa sorters operationer och vissa CRP-nivåer, samt om skillnad i CRP-nivå kunde ses mellan hundar med och utan postoperativa tecken på sjukdom som inte är att förvänta efter kirurgi. Avsikten är att hjälpa veterinärer vid bedömning om en operation orsakat en förväntad omfattning av vävnadsskada samt ifall en avvikande CRP-nivå kan användas som hjälp för att identifiera patienter med postoperativa komplikationer. Blodprover från totalt 58 hundar som genomgick olika sorters kirurgiska ingrepp analyserades med en immunoturbidometrisk metod. De flesta hundar med låg koncentration av CRP innan operation hade en ökad koncentration 24 timmar efter operation (n=44), men i två fall där hundarna genomgått kirurgi med liten vävnadstraumastorlek (artroskopi och orkiektomi) sågs ingen ökning i CRP-koncentration 24 timmar efter operation. Av hundarna som provtogs både 24 och 48 timmar efter operation hade fem hundar högst koncentration 24 timmar efter operation och fem hundar hade högst koncentration 48 timmar efter operation. Det vore av värde med ytterligare studier för att undersöka mer exakt hur lång tid efter ett kirurgiskt ingrepp man kan förvänta sig högst koncentration CRP. CRP-koncentrationerna 24 timmar efter operation, för hundarna som hade CRP-koncentrationer .

AbstractThe phonics is traditionally firmly established within reading acquisition in Swedish schools. The curriculum, Lpo 94 gives spacious independence regarding the question of method and we have to be aware of our own point of view when we are making the decision regarding the method of reading acquisition. Is it tradition or is it our linguistic point of view that is the determining factor? Through this study of literature, different publications from different times are being studied and the ideas and the linguistic point of view are being discussed. Through comparing between the curriculums that have been replaced of one another, and attending to linguistic discussion and research, we will be able to see a change in the linguistic point of view.

Perioperativ vårdprocess är ett arbetssätt och forskning inom området visar att den har betydelse för patienters välbefinnande i samband med operation. Anestesisjuksköterskor har en nyckelroll i vårdmöten i samband med operation för att minska patienters vårdlidande. Syftet med studien är att genom en kvalitativ intervjustudie ta reda på hur fyra anestesisjuksköterskor på sjukhus resonerar om den perioperativa vårdprocessen. Data analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade att informanterna resonerar om perioperativ vårdprocess utifrån tre kategorier; förutsättning att kunna prioritera användning, organisatoriska faktorer som påverkar möjlighet till användning negativt och yrkesansvar finns vilket har betydelse för korrekt bedömning av omvårdnadsbehov i samband med operation.

The purpose of this study was to examine if atypical Parkinsonism affectsthe pragmatic ability in conversational interaction. 15 persons close to individualswith atypical Parkinsonism answered a questionnaire, "Bedömning av förändring isamtalsinteraktion", estimating experienced change in interactive skills comparedto before the disease. The study also examined if perceived change correlates withdisease duration and if perceived change differs between types of atypicalParkinsonism. The results show that at group level the participants experiencechange in many aspects of conversational interaction, particularly regardingspeech, body communication, response latency, phrase length, word finding andability to understand. There was no correlation between perceived change anddisease duration.

This bachelor thesis in European studies examines the perceived effects ofEuropeanization among officers, soldiers and seamen in the Swedish Armed Forces(SAF) through the use of semi-structured respondent interviews. The study focuses onchange in rules, values, identity and organizational changes.The study shows the most important parts of what is believed to be the biggestfactors behind the major change in the SAF during the last 20 years. The biggestfactors are shown to be the fall of the Warsaw pact and the increasing influence ofNATO in Europe. Interviews show that staff within the SAF has difficultiesseparating change coming from the EU and the above-mentioned factors, partially dueto the fact that most members of the European union are also part of NATO. Although in some areas, such as the completion of the Nordic Battlegroup, EU has played an important role and presents itself as a major factor in the ongoing change of the SAF..

High-precision cutting in metal is very complicated, a lot of parameters affect the result: what geometries to be manufactured, surface roughness and tolerances to be achieved, batch size etcetera. When pull-broaching internal parts this might be even more important, than in any other cutting operation. Everything is machined in one single stroke and the general technology is built in to the tool, therefore big investments must be made to change the process. Milling for an example: one piece at a time is machined away, and a lot of parameters can be changed easily.It is very high pressure on the cutting-edge when the broach is cutting. To achieve the specified product and to avoid unnecessary toolwear it is essential to use the right cuttingfluid and the right cuttingspeed for an example.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva fysioterapeuters erfarenheter av operation följt av postoperativ rehabilitering jämfört med konservativ behandling för patienter med lumbalt diskbråck. Ryggbesvär är ett vanligt problem för samhället och diskbråck i ländryggen är den vanligaste ryggdiagnosen. Detta resulterar i stora kostnader för samhället på grund av antalet sjukskrivningar. Vid smärta från diskbråck rekommenderas i första hand konservativ behandling. När smärtan är outhärdlig och patientens livskvalité påverkas övervägs operation som nästan alltid används i ett smärtlindrande syfte.

olikaverktygkanunderlättaimplementeringenavettaffärssystem(enterpriceresourceplanning-­?systems).Genomattappliceraenhetlighetsramverket(comonality-­?frameworkforIT-­?enabledchange)påfallstudienundersökervimedhjälpavbegreppetgränsobjekt(boundaryobjects)hursådanaverktygkanspelaenviktigrollförenlyckadimplementering.RättanpassadegränsobjektkanbidratillattskapaenförståelseförnyIT,samtintresseförattanvändaden.Efterendiskussionomdeempiriskafyndenpresenterarvirådtillpraktikerpåområdetochföreslårblandannatattverktygmedettvisuelltgränssnittärfördelaktigaimångasituationer.UppsatsensbidragtillforskningenbestårienutvecklingavenhetlighetsramverketgenomattvivisarpåhurgränsobjektpåverkardedimensionersomenligtramverketmåstegeshänsynvidenIT-­?organisationsförändring..

This study has it´s beginning in the term corporatization and what the consequences will be for the Swedish athletic club, after the implementation of it. The corporatization among the athletic clubs is a very up-to-date-topic after the ?Riksidrottsförbundets? approved the new law constitution in 1999, that gives the athletic clubs the opportunity to change their legal form. We want to create an image that explains the situation in the two athletic clubs we choose for our study. This image helps us to give examples of how the corporatization will affect them.

Conditions for Swedish forestry are expected to change in the future due to the climate. Among other things, increased production is expected in a warmer climate, mainly because of a longer growing season. With the changing climate risk of damage by such as insects, fungi and storms are expected to increase. Hence, it is of highest importance for private forest owners to spread these risks in the way they cultivate their forest. In this study a qualitative method was used to examine ten private forest owners with forest properties within Kronoberg county, Sweden in their attitudes and actions to prepare in terms of climate change and if they have been affected by the climate change debate in their forest decisions.