Scientific research shows that humans regain their strength when they are spending time in nature. Ulrich, Kaplan & Kaplan, among others, has shown in their research that nature can reduce stress and decrease the after effects of stress. Lund University Hospital, USiL, is a big working place and has a large number of patients. To be a patient often means that you lose control of your daily life which could cause stress. For the personnel high workload can be a stress factor.

This master of science thesis intends to examine how the established innovation theoriesinteracts with the social and cultural phenomena arising from the reduction in communicationcosts as a result of the development of the internet.The aim is to present a knowledge inventory of attitudes to and experiences of an openapproach, with emphasis on collaborative innovation, in product and service developmentdriven companies in different fields. The studied theories and the empirical results forms thebasis for an analysis of how companies can benefit from the diversified knowledge that existsoutside their borders as well as an exploration of the potential for this kind of knowledgeexchange to act as a catalyst for innovation.The theoretical part of the study is based essentially on two tracks: (1) innovation theories witha focus onopen innovation and user innovation, and (2) a broad review of how theories ofdiversified knowledgeand collective intelligence has become possible to apply in an innovationcontext. The empirical part of the study is based on material obtained from semi-structuredinterviews with respondents from six companies.The results show that companies have implemented unstructured innovation initiatives withoutany formal links to the structured product development processes, which are part of thecompanies core activities. The main conclusions include the following insights: There is a needfor structured links between the unstructured initiatives and the core activities, which makes itpossible to take promising ideas to market. The companies also have to lose some control of theunstructured initiatives; consequently it is impossible to pinpoint what the outcome will be.

Gavlegårdarna is in the state of an invisible dissatisfaction situation from the students on the University of Gävle.This paper shows how the students feel about their housing situation in Gavlegårdarnas student apartments. It is a basis of change that hopefully will open up Gavlegårdarnas eyes and minds for changes.In this paper we come up with solutions for Gavlegårdarna to create a more satisfying student-housing situation, for the students on Högskolan i Gävle who are situated in Gavlegårdarnas student apartments..

Listeriosis, which is caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a rare food borne disease that primarily affects people whose immune system is weakened. These may be elderly people, pregnant women, new-born infants and individuals on immunosuppressive medication. The most common symptoms are meningitis, septikemia and abortion. The mortality is high, on average 20-30 %. In recent years the number of cases in Sweden has increased.

Many companies choose to position themselves in New York. The city is one of the main cities when it comes to advertising. The competition is strong and for new companies, it is hard to survive on the market.In our thesis we have investigated how Swedish people, who open new advertising agencies in New York, should market themselves to be successful on the market in New York.To gain as much information as possible about this subject, we traveled to New York and interviewed three advertising agencies, who were started by Swedes, and also the Consulate General of Sweden, and Swedish Trade Council.Our investigation resulted in that the best way to be successful on the American market is to differentiate your work from what the market has to offer. By doing this potential customers may find your work interesting and thereby chose to work with your company..

The purpose of this essay is to explain which factors influence the disciplinary effect of visible constant surveillance on the people under surveillance. In order to do this we have used recorded video from a tv-show called Big Brother, which is characterized by this kind of surveillance. In addition, an open-ended interview was performed with one of the participants from the show. We have, based on a number of theoretical assumptions, as well as reflections from the interview, precisely defined expected symptoms of the participants, that would indicate when the disciplinary effect was low respectively high. Our observations and analysis allows us to conclude that the disciplinary effect of surveillance in many situations is counteracted when surveillance is constant, leading to relatively low levels of disciplinary effect in Big Brother..

This thesis has created an image of the exchange of information among teachers in the Swedish upper secondary school. The study indicates that the exchange of information seems to be limited at all levels and the exchange that takes place outside the own teaching team occurs mainly through teachers personal networks. The study also shows barriers that may exist and the opportunities that an increased exchange may generate. From the picture that the empirical material provides and the theory that is presented a discussion is made around how IT can best support the organizational learning in schools. A concrete proposal is that at national level an IT platform should be created, which primarily focuses on materials that are created by its users and has an open architecture with a single login..

The decision of the European Commission to block the merger between Volvo and Scania in the late 90?s became the starting point to the debate of the possible discriminating effects of the European merger regulation. Especially since the Commission a few years earlier had approved of the merger between Mercedes-Benz and Kässbohrer on the German bus market, where the conditions for competition had been similar to those at hand in the Swedish case. The issue that was and still is in focus is whether the European merger regulation is more difficult to pass for large companies situated on a smaller domestic market than is the case for their competitors of corresponding size but situated on a larger domestic market.This thesis aims at examining what the judgement of the geographical relevant market means for the application of the Merger act. This is being done from two perspectives.

Problem:proAros har en idébank som är framarbetad av utvecklingsenheten för att främja idégenerering och nytänkande inom organisationen. Problemet är att idébanken inte används av de anställda. Hemsidan har blivit marknadsförd, men ändå verkar ingen använda sidan för att lämna sina idéer. Under studien framkommer det att många av de anställda inte vet om idébankens existens och att en bristande kommunikation råder inom hela organisationen.Syfte:Syftet med denna uppsats är att få svar på frågan varför idébanken inte används av de anställda inom proAros samt hur man kan lösa de kommunikativa hinder som uppstår vid informationsspridning inom organisationen.Metod:De metoder som används i denna uppsats är dels kvalitativa intervjuer men även kvantitativa enkätundersökningar bland anställda inom proAros. Blandningen av djupgående intervjuer och enkäter har sedan lett till slutresultatet.

On-site sewage systems are common on the countryside of Sweden with approximately one million on-site systems installed. Due to insufficient function, these contribute significantly to the total discharge of phosphorus to rivers and lakes, causing eutrophication. In order to reduce eutrophication and to fulfil one of the environmental quality objectives, the decision was taken by the Swedish Government in 2005 that 60 % of phosphorous in sewage sludge is to be recycled to arable land before 2015. To make recycling a reality, new solutions have to be found. Federation of Swedish Farmers (LRF) takes an active interest in this issue and has initiated this study. One problem is that the food industry is sceptical towards recirculation due to the risks that products from sewage systems may contain pathogens, heavy metals and unwanted chemical compounds, e.g.

The content of this essay is the critical treatment of ritual research in Uppåkra during the Iron Age in relation to Charlotte Fabechs research.From what has been concluded for Uppåkra a condensed chart of Uppåkra's rituals is produced. This chart is compared with what Fabech has put forward for Southern Scandinavia. Fabech's categories and theory have been widely used by the researchers of Uppåkra, and this is critically examined.The most important conclusion is that the similarities between the Uppåkra research and Fabech picture are not great. This source critical point indicates that the massive use of her research in order to explain the rituals in Uppåkra can have been misdirected. The mismatch is mainly due to the fact that places like Uppåkra is of extraordinary character..

The purpose of this study was to examine how employees perceive female chief executiveofficers and if any significant differences between what leadership-skills female and maleco-employees choose to express about female leaders can be observed. The survey isperformed as a qualitative study where three companies within the retail marketparticipated. We collected our empirical data by interviews and observations and usedsocial constructivist theory to look at how individuals construct their subjective view ofreality. The result showed, among others, that female employees often use traditional maleskills to describe the strengths of their female chief, whereas male employees emphasizesmore female skills such as unpretentious and open-minded..

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the transition from SAB to DDC in the public libraries of Sigtuna.More specifically, it aims at investigating why the decision was made to adopt the DDC and how the system has been implemented. Particular attention is drawn to the difficulties and problems that have arisen while organising the libraries open shelves with DDC and to the ways in which the difficulties have been handled. These questions are examined through a pragmatic perspective on Knowledge Organization that focuses on the contexts and domains in which the classification system is used. The empirical material is drawn from qualitative interviews with the former director of Sigtuna public libraries and with the in-charge of the catalogue department.                                                                   .

Denna uppsats behandlar ämnet internkommunikation. Vi har valt att genomföra en undersökning om Polismyndigheten Värmlands internkommunikation då de innehar ett stort ansvar att bevara trygghet och säkerhet i samhället. Polismyndigheten har även stora krav på sig idag gällande dialog och grad av kommunikation inom organisationen för att effektivisera det polisiära arbetet. Syftet med denna uppsats är att erhålla en insikt om den interna kommunikationens funktion och hur den gestaltas utifrån chefernas och de anställdas perspektiv. I denna uppsats använder vi oss utav relevanta teorier inom organisationskommunikation, internkommunikation, organisationsidentitet, organisationskultur och kommunikationsmodeller.

The aim of this master thesis is to analyze how and why Scandinavian-American history has been used in exhibitions in both Scandinavia and the United States after the end of the Great Migration. More specifically, the thesis deals with the Swedish and American exhibitions of the controversial Kensington Rune Stone, discovered in Minnesota in 1898. Despite the fact that its authenticity has been disputed by academic expertise, it has been displayed by many prominent actors. The Rune Stone is one of many purportedly pre-Columbian artifacts found in the United States. Moreover, it is an identity marker, harboring many kinds of identity constructions. The thesis therefore focuses on the meanings that the Rune Stone has been charged with since its discovery, as historical culture and in specific exhibits, on how it has been displayed, and on why it has been exhibited at  national museums in both Sweden and the United States. The principal source materials are five exhibitions of the Kensington Rune Stone.