This essay studies how advertisements in various anti-smoking campaigns can influence and persuade by using anti-logos as counter-arguments to the tobacco industry's logos. In contrast to tobacco advertising arguments such as freedom (logos), pleasure (pathos) and trademark (ethos) the anti-smoking campaigns create anti-logos arguments with various connotations such as repulsive pictures and sexual implications to influence groups of people not to start smoking or to quit smoking.Advertisement of tobacco does not exist nowadays due to legal restrictions in the western world; however several decades of myths created in the consumer consciousness still exist. Thus one can speak of a tobacco advertising ideology that exists and the various anti-smoking campaigns trying to change that ideology.The purpose of anti-smoking campaigns is to conduct a kategoria of myth that tobacco advertisement has created over the years. Anti smoking organizations do this by creating a new ideology to affect consumer?s attitude toward smoking and the tobacco myth with an anti-myth.

Every place is a stage where people interact. The nature of the stage and its scenography to some extent shapes the interaction. Considered as a place, the school ground gives rise to many varying expectations. Lower school pupils often have clear ideas of how they are expected to behave and how they are expected to use the place. But as the pupils age, the purpose of the school ground grows less obvious.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur Internet fungerar som arena för alternativ offentlighet och för kommunikativa utövningar om mode- och skönhetsideal. Avsikten är att förstå hur Internet, och i synnerhet bloggen, fungerar som en plats där man kan tillämpa alternativa praktiker på.Undersökningen fokuserar på svenska modebloggar som skiljer sig från mängden, det vill säga de privata bloggar som innehållsmässigt sticker ut och är nischade. De alternativa modebloggar som väljs ut för studien jämförs med Sofi Fahrmans (Aftonbladet) och Ebba von Sydows (VeckoRevyn) bloggar. Anledningen till att valet kom att falla på just Fahrman och von Sydow är att båda är välkända moderedaktörer som ofta figurerar i svenska medier; i TV, tidningar och på Internet.Uppsatsen bygger på såväl beskrivande som komparativa innehållsanalyser av sex modebloggar och kompletteras med en öppen enkät som besvaras av ett antal strategiskt utvalda modebloggare. Syftet är att, genom att skapa en bakgrundsbild kring fenomenet modeblogg, få kunskaper om hur modebloggar upprättade av medieföretag samt privata och alternativa modebloggar skiljer sig åt.

Attityders betydelser är en undersökning som syftar till att skapa en förståelse av hur attitydgestalter fungerar i en debattsituation genom att analysera hur ickeverbal retorik såsom kroppsspråk, blickar och gester samspelar med det som uttryckligen sägs. Forskningsobjektet utgjordes av en tv-debatt i SVT Agenda mellan Gudrun Schyman (Fi) och jämställdhetsminister Maria Arnholm (Fp) kring den såkallade ?lönefrågan?, om hur politikerna ska verka för att lönerna i Sverige ska bli mer jämställda mellan kvinnor och män.Analysen visade att Schyman uttrycker många starka negativa attityduttryck som skapar en konflikt i debattens diskursdynamik. Dessa attityduttryck i kombination med vad Schyman säger till Arnholm gör att de båda debattörernas ethos och maktpositioner förändras, där Schyman får ett övertag i debatten som hon kan utnyttja för att till slut vinna den.Frågor som kan vara intressanta för vidare forskning är om Schymans konfliktskapande attityduttryck kan generaliseras till andra retoriker och med vilket syfte det i så fall verkar ske. Sådan forskning skulle kunna nyansera den retorik som framförs i politiska debatter och indirekt bidra till att granska dessa ideologikritiskt..

The change of the Real property index map has met a lot of resistance in Dalarna.This is the reason that the parcel?s reform has not had the same impact in Dalarnaas in the rest of Sweden. In addition, even ?Laga skifte? (the reformation on propertystructure) was never effected in most areas of Dalarna. This has lead to thatDalarna has a unique property structure with many small and narrow parcels.Some argue, however, that the property structure has been the same for many centuries.The purpose of this thesis is therefore to study how the property structurelooked before ?storskifte? (the reformation on property structure) was done, howit was when äganderättsutredningen (the adjudication), in the 1970s, was accomplished,and finally how the structure looks when land consolidation has been implemented.For the template of the studies, seven different villages were chosen.The basis for the study was comprised of acts for each stage and each village.The study showed that change in property structure has occurred.

Today several things point to the fact that many young women are being abused and sexual harassed. Despite that there is no knowledge about how the girls handle the violence or how the battering affects them. For that reason the purpose of this study is to describe and give a picture of some girl?s experiences of being battered of men they have or have had a relationship with. In focus is also how these girls identities are affected of the battering.

The purpose of this study is to see how adolescent students in high school formulate their thoughts of death and if a belief in transcendent existence affects their thoughts. The study was done on two separate schools, one municipal school and one private religious school, in minor cities in Sweden. The method used was qualitative inquiries and the amount of participants was four from each school, eight in total. The result of the study showed that six out of eight participants had a belief of a transcendent existence, three from the municipal school and three from the religious private school. The result also showed that the participants from the municipal school that had a belief in an transcendent existence also had a belief in a form of ?afterlife?, this was however not reflected on the students in the religious private school where result showed that one out of four had a belief in a form of ?afterlife? and three view death as the final stage of existence..

Gendered reading has a history of intense debate and negotiation. In this essay I will examine how feminine and masculine reading was construed in the early 19th century through three Swedish texts that all give a didactic, moral and instructive opinion about gendered reading. They consist of an advice manual, a collection of letters and a periodical featuring an assortment of suitable reading material, all published between the years of 1808-1815 and directed to a female audience. As the male sex was generally considered the invisible, desirable norm and the female sex tended to be viewed as deviant and problematic, gendered discussions are inclined to focus on the latter. I will argue that female reading is largely construed in relation to the bourgeois marriage while the male is construed in terms of citizenship.

Jämtkraft AB has recently modernized its hydropower station at Hissmofors by replacing four older worn out units with two new units. The generators uses a concept with sliding stator feet to deal with the thermal movements that occur in the stator during operation when the unit is operating intermittently. At other sites, this method revealed shortcomings in the reliability. This has made Jämtkraft AB feel uncertainty about its function and therefore want to investigate it during an early stage. The generators have a built-in monitoring system for the sliding stator feet and by using data from there the function of the sliding stator feet has been investigated. The study focused on how the different stator feet move relative to each other and how the eccentricity and deviation from roundness changed during operation. The results show that there are several indications that the function of the sliding stator feet is not satisfactory.

The essay is an effort to examine and define three examples of liminal dance performances through an aesthetic, hermeneutic and semiotic analysis. The examples are three dance or liminal performances, made by three different choreographers and performed at ?Moderna Dansteatern? and ?Dansens Hus? in Stockholm during September and October 2005. In the effort to determine the liminal and cross-over in the performances, the analysis focus on aspects such as: the character of the work, choreography, the use of scenery, stage light, requisites, conception of place and interior room, the use of costume and mask, the use of different media as text, pictures, film, and music or not using any these, and the interaction with the audience. The analysis depends on a historical background and the use of literature in the subject.

Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att klarlägga hur de politiska partierna formulerar sitt budskap i tv-reklam inför valet till Sveriges riksdag 2010.Teoretiska perspektiv: I denna studie används teori om politisk kommunikation, reklam och marknadsföring. Metod: Tre olika metoder användes vid denna studie. Två typer av visuell analys: bildanalys och filmanalys samt en retorisk analys.Empiriskt material: Avsändarna av filmerna som granskats i denna studie är Moderaterna, Kristdemokraterna, Socialdemokraterna och Miljöpartiet.Resultat: De svenska politiska reklamfilmerna använder sig inte av personkampanjer, dvs. de egna politikerna framträder inte alls i filmerna annat än som speakerröster. Resultaten visar också att filmerna skiljer sig åt gällande musikval där Moderaterna och Kristdemokraterna använder sig av mer välkända låtar än de övriga partierna.

There are many elderly buildings, particularly those constructed during the million program, in need of renovations and plumbing replacement. An alternative to the traditional plumbing replacement is the relatively new and untested technique called relining. The purpose of the study is to thoroughly investigate the different types of relining that are currently available on the market to help enhance Peab?s knowledge before purchasing relining services. The theoretical part of this report is based on relevant information provided from companies, previous studies, investigations and reports within the area.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how students writing their master thesis seek information, how they reason about their information seeking behaviour and how their studies in LIS could have affected their information seeking behaviour. The result was analysed with Roger Säljö?s theory about the sociocultural perspective about how individuals learn in relation to their context and the social practice that they act in. The following conclusions were drawn from analysing the result. The students didn?t really reflect over their information seeking behaviour.

Abortion during late gestation is often caused by placental dysfunction such as placentitis. To prevent this from happening the placenta can be monitored pre partum so treatment can be started at an early stage. Methods for monitoring the placenta include hormonal monitoring, presence of clinical signs of placental dysfunction and ultrasonographic evaluation of the fetus and the placenta. Transrectal ultrasonography provides a very good image of the caudal portion of the allantochorion where an ascending placentitis normally establishes. An increased combined thickness of the uterus and the placenta, CTUP, has been associated with placental failure. This study included ten Swedish standardbred trotter mares in late gestation. They were monitored by transrectal ultrasonography of the placenta two times with approximately a month in between. CTUP was measured on each examination.

The purpose of this literature review was to demonstrate the results of recent studies of the nurses ability to interpret younger childrens (0-6 years of age) experiences of pain in the postoperative stage. There is a lack of knowledge concerning young childrens ability to express themselves verbally and the nurse has to rely upon the parents knowledge about the child. Consequently, the teamwork between the nurse and the parents is of great importance in the care of the younger child. Therefore we intend to illuminate this aspect in this paper. This study aims to nurses of all categories, since patients with lack of verbal communication are frequently occurring.