This thesis analyses how friendship between children is described in four Swedish childrens books, published in 1995-2001 and recommended in Barnbokstipset, which is used in libraries for recommending books. Today there are many childrens books that describe various aspects of childrens everyday lives and these books can have an influence on the children who read them. But I found that there has not been much research about how friendship is described in childrens books, although much has been written about the importance of social relationships with peers for childrens lives and development. I analyze the books one by one with the help of a number of questions and categories that I have constructed beforehand. In the analysis I apply Zick Rubins theory of two different stages in childrens understanding of friendship and William Corsaros theory of interactive space which deals with who is allowed to join in games and friendships and who is not allowed to do so and how this is played out.

The aim of my study is to illuminate the borders, both spatial and aspatial, that are drawn around Europe in swedish politics by using the word in question in different ways. To increase my possibilites of comparing different concepts of Europe, I have chosen to restrict my study toFolkpartiet and Vänsterpartiet, which are the two swedish parties who seem to stand the furthest from each other on issues regarding Europe and the EU. Using theory on borders and bordering, I construct an analytical framework consisting of a separation of three categories of entities, around which borders can be drawn. In my search for both obvious and implicit ways of filling the word Europe with content, I find that both parties speak of Europe in a highly contradictory way, which both includes and excludes peripheral regions of a geographical Europe. My second conclusion is that both parties tend to associate Europe with things that are positive to them.

I uppsatsen behandlas hur offentliga platser kan ge olika förutsättningar till användning beroende av deras fysiska utformning och i vilket sammanhang de återfinns i. Genom litteraturstudier av Sitte, Jacobs, Hall, Gehl, Whyte, Hillier, Marcus, Madanipour och Bell et al. undersöks några teorier inom områdena stadsplanering, miljöpsykologi och Space syntax. Av dessa framkommer att de faktorer som främst påverkar är; upplevelsen av platsbildning, skalnivåns påverkan av upplevd aktivitetsnivå, platsens integration i förhållande till övriga platser i staden och till omgivande kvarter, upplevelse av trygghet och kontroll, samt möjligheten till frivilliga och sociala aktiviteter. Platsens territoriella tydlighet har betydelse för hur olika målgrupper kan använda sig av den, men också för hur hierarkin mellan olika användningsområden blir.

AbstractTitle: A fair representation? A comparative study of the morning program guests and the context in which they are involved. Author: Hanna Brandt Parkvall & Adam So?derblom Tutor: Anne-Marie Morhed Purpose: This study aimed to investigate and compare the guests and the context in which they are involved, in the morning programs Gomorron Sverige on SVT1 and Nyhetsmorgon on TV4. The thesis is based on three questions that examine how representative the invited guests are in proportion to the country?s population, the subjects that occupy the most space and the types of guests that discuss these topics in the programs.

This essay aims to investigate the use of an origin-ID within the Beaker Complex, as defined by John C. Barrett, seen through their different expressions of use in ceramic form and ornamentation, architecture and landscape through time and space with special emphasis on the late Neolihtics in the South of England. The analytic vehicle "the reinforcing circle" is used as a new diffusion model suggested by Stuart Needham, and the analytic tool "incubation" is used to structure the process the Beaker-cultures may have used to reach cultural hegemony. Id est, that the Beaker-cultures socially invites already existing cultures, offering within family and trading the results of new technolo­gies. And/or, occupy the space and use the authority needed by re-writing the narrative as seen in the grave use and grave deposits.

Arbetets syfte är att undersöka och diskutera om fysisk utformning kan bidra till eller förebygga segregation, samt att jämföra olika principer för att minska rumslig uppdelning och ge ökade möjligheter till social interaktion. Fokus är hur stadens struktur och utformning bidrar till, eller försvårar, att människor befinner sig på samma offentliga platser samtidigt, vilket skapar möjlighet att se och blir sedd av andra människor. Att se och bli sedd av andra människor är något som flera forskare lyfter som viktigt för att bli ömsesidigt medvetna om varandras existens, och minska uppdelning i ?vi? och ?dem?. I arbetet undersöks Nedre Norrby i Borås med hjälp av space syntaxverktyg och Gehls kvalitetskriterier. Det visar på vilka sätt platsen kan ses som en barriär, och undersöker hur fysiska förändringar skulle kunna förändra det.

As we dwell in the northern part of Europe, we who livethrough its gloomy winters need to find shelter in the warmthof our homes which cater to our well being. The object ofthis project lies in designing both a flexible, sturdy, and reliablepiece of furniture that yields to one?s intrinsic needs.The aim is to offer a piece of furniture that induces suchcomfort and exudes a feel good haven and refuge to each andevery one of us..

The purpose of this paper was to look at the perception of self-determination for adults with intellectual disabilities from their perspective. We wanted to examine the experience of the space available for self-determination in some key areas of life, and how their own thoughts and ideas have been addressed by others. Through interviews with six people with intellectual disabilities, we have found that a single definition of self-determination is elusive. The key seems to be that you get the opportunity to do what you want, to have your voice heard and to receive and take responsibility. The space for self-determination is perceived by respondents as both large and small.

The aim of the study was to examine the retinal ON- and OFF-pathways of the canine electroretinogram (ERG). The ON- and OFF-pathways are used to distinguish objects from their backgrounds. A dark object is discernible from a lighter background using the OFFpathway and the ON-pathway is used to descry a light object upon a darker background. This study shows that the dog ERG has both ON- and OFF-responses and that these responses can be separated by prolonging the flash duration over 50 ms. The dog OFF-response waveform was more similar to the cat OFF-response than the human OFF-response (Frishman, 2006; Zrenner and Gouras, 1979). In this study six female three-year-old Beagle dogs were included. Both background and flash stimuli were provided by LEDs (light emitting diodes) with a wavelength of 470 nm, a wavelength that is absorbed almost as effectively by the canine M/L-cones as by the S-cones. These stimuli gave ERGs with both ON- and OFF-responses.

The aim of this study is to examine metaphors and what may be perceived as motif-circuits in Stig Dagerman?s play Den dödsdömde (The Man Condemned to Death) and the two short stories ?Den dödsdömde? (The Man Condemned to Death) and ?Mannen från Milesia? (The Man from Milesia). My intention is to discuss a single theme and identity-marks that unites all three works, using Paul Ricoeur?s The Rule of Metaphor (La mêtaphore vive) as well as the ?thematic critique? of Jean-Pierre Richard.What is metaphor for Ricoeur is for Richard themes (theme): an organizing principle, a sort of schedule around which a world is constituted. Hence, I find similarities between the motif-circuits, Ricoeur?s metaphor-theory and Richards?s themes.

Malmö has often been described as a segregated city, with relatively low democratic participation and high poverty and alienation. Behind this kind of statements we often find a material reality, with unequal distribution of assets and potentials that needs to be taken into consideration for political action. At the same time this categorisation of people into different groups can take stigmatising effects and result in increased inequality.I find the theoretical basis for my thesis in Lefebvre?s writings on ?the right to the city?, that shortly means that all inhabitants of a city have the right to take active part in the constantly ongoing process of producing and reproducing the city ? on all levels, from a hands-on everyday life level to a more abstract political level.With an interdisciplinary approach, where the right to the city is discussed in relation to citizenship, presence, representation and public space, I try to understand the connections between democracy, participation, justice and equality. These discussions are then applied to examples from Malmö; both publically initiated projects and individual physical markings in the city.

Arbetet handlar om analys av staden och behandlar frågan om hur man kan analysera staden på ett så heltäckande sätt som möjligt. Jag har använt två olika analysmetoder: Realistisk stadsanalys och Finding lost space. Dessa två består i sin tur av flera mindre delar där olika infallsvinklar ges spelrum. Analysen ska leda fram till ett konkret planförslag, och arbetet behandlar därför hela analys- och designprocessen. Arbetet har organiserats utifrån en arbetsmetod med fyra steg: Historiska studier; Analys av stadens nuvarande rumsliga sammanhang; Syntes samt Planförslag.

The aim of this study is to examine metaphors and what may be perceived as motif-circuits in Stig Dagerman?s play Den dödsdömde (The Man Condemned to Death) and the two short stories ?Den dödsdömde? (The Man Condemned to Death) and ?Mannen från Milesia? (The Man from Milesia). My intention is to discuss a single theme and identity-marks that unites all three works, using Paul Ricoeur?s The Rule of Metaphor (La mêtaphore vive) as well as the ?thematic critique? of Jean-Pierre Richard.What is metaphor for Ricoeur is for Richard themes (theme): an organizing principle, a sort of schedule around which a world is constituted. Hence, I find similarities between the motif-circuits, Ricoeur?s metaphor-theory and Richards?s themes.

The object of this essay was, first, to study what advantages parliamentary members in the participating countries argue that their country gains when university students study abroad via ERASMUS, and, second, to study two factors that might affect what advantages that are emphasised by the parliamentary members in the participating countries. To achieve this object, two research questions were posed regarding what advantages of the ERASMUS Programme are mentioned in the parliamentary debate in three countries, United Kingdom, Sweden and Germany, and regarding whether the parliamentary debate is different between the countries as concerns what advantages are emphasised. Subsequently another two research questions were studied, regarding whether the countries? different positions in Europe and the existence of euroscepticism in these countries affect what advantages of the ERASMUS Programme are emphasised in the parliamentary debate. The study was carried out using argumentation analysis, in which the arguments for participation in the ERASMUS Programme presented in the parliamentary debates were compiled and grouped together according to whether they refer to economic and professional advantages or to cultural and social advantages.

I want to, but how? My work is a research of the creative process. I have asked myself how ideas take form and how materials can become bearers of ideas. The work has been treated as an action rather than an object. The result shows my research and my interpretation: the process and result are the same..