Competition of spruce fiber raw materials has increased dramatically in the last few years, leading to the fact that transportation costs in the current situation represents a much larger share of the total raw material cost. The Holmen-owned pulp industry Hallsta Paper Mill's location on the coast also constitutes a problem, because of the lack of raw material, which is much larger there, than for a pulp mill located in the hinterland. For a coastal industry it?s therefore natural to import much of the raw material by boat or to buy it from the timber terminals, in order to maintain good profitability. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the size of Hallsta Paper Mill timber supply area, without competition, with competition and with terminal use, affects the company ?s transport costs.

This study has been carried out at SödraŽs 31 local forestry districts and within six plant terminals. The production and sale of seedlings at Södra is managed in collaboration with ?Södra Odlarna?. Approximately 35 million plants are cultivated each year, providing SödraŽs members with a wide choice of high quality plants. The seedlings are nurtured at nurseries before transferred to plant terminals where they are stored and watered.

AbstractThe dependency of fossil fuels in the transport sector causes large emissions of carbondioxide. This problem can we reduce by using vehicle gas from digested solid manure and leftover of pasture. I have studied the potential for this in the county of VÀsternorrland. Thepurpose is to investigate how much vehicle gas that can be extracted.One central, large scale digestion and upgrade plant should be placed in HÀrnösand. Theamount of pasture and manure that is economical and practical available is enough to produce2,7-3,5 millions Nm3 vehicle gas.

ABSTRACT: Commercial swab transport systems are used for collection and transporting of fecal and other microbiological samples. This system must maintain viability and contribute to survival of microorganisms during transport to the laboratory. Four swab transport systems have been compared, eSwab, ?- Transwab and fecalSwab, all three with flocked swabs, and Copan Venturi Transystem with rayon swabs. The study followed the recommendations from the Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute; document M40-A for recovery of Samonella, Shigella, Yersinia and Neisseria gonorrhoeae after storage for 0, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h at room- (22-25°C) and refrigerated (2-8ÂșC) temperature.

Denna studie unders?ker en alternativ utformning av termisk brandgasventilation. Utformningen bygger p? att ers?tta tillufts?ppningar i markplan med r?kgasluckor i tak med hj?lp av brandteknisk installation i form av r?kgardin. Syftet med arbetet har varit att g?ra en j?mf?relse mellan denna hypotetiska utformning och traditionell brandgasventilation f?r att kunna utv?rdera om samma effekt kan uppn?s med de olika metoderna.

Detta a?r en ja?mfo?rande studie av textfo?rfattarverktyg och dess pa?verkan pa? min skapandeprocess. Mitt syfte var att underso?ka hur skapandeprocessen pa?verkas av olika textfo?rfattartekniker och vilka verktyg jag fa?r mest nytta av i mitt egna textskapande.Jag genomfo?rde detta genom att skriva sex la?tar och genom att dokumentera skapandet av dessa fo?r att sedan diskutera verktygens pa?verkan pa? texternas skapandeprocess. Jag fick en djup insikt i textfo?rfattandets hantverk och en del av de verktyg man kan anva?nda som hja?lpmedel fo?r sitt textskapande.Jag har insett att alla verktyg inte a?r optimala i alla avseenden och att jag ga?rna va?ljer verktyg beroende pa? vilken typ av la?t jag a?mnar skriva.

The society of today can?t manage without transportation. We need transports to getfood, to go to work and to create new products. The transportation ofgood is thus an important part in the function of the society and they?ll increase, bothin number and in amount.

Meningen med denna uppsats Àr att genom en jÀmförande analys utforska vad dessa tvÄ verk frÄn början av 1980-talet sÀger om samtiden i frÄga om politiska och feministiska aspekter. Uppsatsen börjar med beskrivningar och analyser av verkan var för sig dÀr det konstateras att Kristina Abelli Elander kritiserar köns- och familjeroller medan Erla Thorarinsdottir tar upp kampen för fred och kÀrleken till sitt hemland. DÀrefter följer en jÀmförande analys dÀr det bland annat tas upp likheter och skillnader mellan verkan i frÄga om tillvÀgagÄngssÀtt samt jÀmför detta med hur man kan ha gÄtt till vÀga bara ett decennium tidigare..

To integrate environmental concerns into non-environmental policy making has become an important policy objective within the European Union. This essay investigates policy instruments in use to achieve environmental policy integration in the EU's transport sector respectively fisheries sector. The point of departure is a theoretical discussion about governance and the use of different policy instruments for environmental management at the EU-level. The focal point is the argumentation that regulatory policy instruments alone cannot achieve environmental policy integration satisfactory. By using Jordan et al's classification of so called "new" environmental policy instruments (market-based instruments, voluntary agreements and ecolabels) as complements to regulatory measures, the essay investigates whether the first-mentioned are used within the two sectors.

The purpose of this paper is to examine whether, and if so, how tourism effect the construction of a new city district with a stadium in focus. The study is based on a case study of Swedbank Arena and Arenastaden as nearby area. There has been an interest from the writers to study Swedbank Arena and Arenastaden, as it is a current subject, and both of them are under construction, which means that it was possible to see how the process works from the ground up. It has been shown that Swedbank Arena is built up in an entirely new district in which there will be new infrastructure that is tailored to the stadium and the crowd it?s expected to attract.

An Interoperable Fare Management system for public transport has been a struggle for the actors in industry of public transport. A lot of effort has been put into creating a smart card solution that enables the travellers to use the same card for paying and holding the ticket regardless geographical position in Sweden. That project has failed, mostly due to a lack of taking non-technical actors and aspects into consideration during the project process. This thesis highlights the major actors and their responsibilities. The ARKTRANS framework is used as analytical tool to identify different roles. Throughout the thesis a sociotechnical perspective is used. The developed method in this thesis is suitable for mapping of actors and responsibilities in a network surrounding a complex technical system.

The report addresses four main tasks, situation analysis of the company's total costs and transportation volume, cost analysis associated with the adjustment of the filling ratio, transport costs for the expansion and new expenses on a combination of expansion with new adjusted filling ratio.  Increasing transport costs for the company was the main reason for the request of the current situation analysis. A survey of the total cost with the actual volumes and transport provider pricing is the basis of the analysis that extends from May 2006 to October 2008. The results show an increase in costs, both overall expense and per cubic meter of transported goods. Volume spreads, trends, and seasonal variations are according to our and the company?s expectations.

To distribute goods to customers in urban areas is necessary to support the economic and social development in the cities, but has consequences that affect both residents of cities as well as the environment. The environmental effects of these types of transport involves not only the emissions of various pollutants, but also an increased noise level inside the cities. Many companies and organizations are working hard to change the distribution pattern to streamline transport in the urban area, while environmental impact is reduced. This is in line with what is called the City Logistics. The purpose of this thesis is to create a method for describing and measuring a given transport solution in order to compare it with an altered transport solution to achieve a more sustainable development.

The European Council agreed in 2008 on a climate and energy package to combat global warming. This package is valid for each EU member country and means that greenhouse gas emissions must fall by at least 20% and the EU's energy use to 20%, consisting of Renewable Energy in 2020. The Swedish Government has set stringent climate and energy with the intention to set an example for the rest of Europe. For example, renewable energy sources account for at least 50% of energy use and our climate emissions to fall by 40% by 2020. A combination of these goals and a steadily rising oil price has led to an increased demand for wood fuel in the form of such branches and tops.

I svenska polisfordon anvÀnds idag ett koncept dÀr en av poliserna i en patrull alltid fÀrdas i baksÀtet tillsammans med den frihetsberövade under en transport. Flera invÀndningar mot detta arbetssÀtt har gjorts eftersom det förekommit incidenter dÀr poliser skadats av den frihetsberövade. Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka om det Àr möjligt att anvÀnda en fast monterad vÀgg mellan förare och passagerare i svenska polisfordon vid transport av frihetsberövade personer. Rapporten begrÀnsades genom att endast fokusera pÄ de personbilstillverkare som Rikspolisstyrelsen har avtal med samt att delvis bortse frÄn komplexa tekniska frÄgestÀllningar. Kvalitativa intervjuer gjordes med representanter frÄn Polisförbundet, Rikspolisstyrelsen samt med kontaktpersoner frÄn leverantörer av polisfordon.