Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease, induced by an immune mediated reaction in the small intestine after ingestion of gluten and related prolamines. There is a strong genetic linkage and most important are the genes that encodes for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. The European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) has developed new guidelines for investigation of CD in children and adolescents, which include genotyping for HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8. Therefore, the clinical microbiological laboratory in Västmanland wants to introduce a method for analysis of these genes. Microarray is a newly developed method for determination of the alleles HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 that encodes for the ?- and ?-subunits of the HLA-molecules.

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this thesis was to examine to which extant the politically governed organization, Swedish association of local authorities and local regions (SALAR), has been mediatized. Furthermore the purpose was to examine how SALAR being a Meta-organization affected the mediatization process. To accomplish this the thesis studied how SALAR organized themselves internally in order to form opinion through the media in one of their prioritized issues. A further purpose was to equalize SALAR?s mediatization process with the mediatization process for the whole political system. Method: This is a qualitative study which the gathered material has been collected through two types of methods, semi structured interviews and field observations.Material: A total of eight interviews were made distributed over three departments inside SALAR.

The aim of this study was to seek knowledge about how the media audience interprets media representations of immigrants as well as the construction of ?us? and ?them? that is created from the media report.We implemented two focus group interviews, one containing only ethnical Swedes and one holding a variety of people with different ethnical backgrounds. The focus groups got to read nine news articles from different Swedish news papers selected by us, based upon previous research. These articles got to serve as the basis of the discussion.To supplement the focus groups, which got to represent the media audience, we also interviewed two different persons we choose to call informants, whom are both immigrants and are or have been politically active and often appear in local media.The interviews were our empirical material which was used for analysis. The method we used was qualitative analysis of meaning and was based upon a hermeneutic starting point, meaning that all humans are interpreting beings.

Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad som fanns dokumenterat i omvårdnadsstatus samt Nortonpoäng relaterat till trycksår på en njurmedicinsk avdelning. Studien gjordes genom att granska avidentifierade patientjournaler (n=50) från en njurmedicinsk avdelning i Sverige. Studien är empirisk kvantitativ av deskriptiv karaktär. Författarna granskade graden av dokumentation i omvårdnadsstatus med hjälp av granskningsschemat Cat-ch-ing. Sökord som granskades var kommunikation, kunskap, nutrition, elimination, aktivitet, sömn, psykosocialt, smärta/sinnesintryck, hud/vävnad, andning/cirkulation och välbefinnande.

Syfte: Syftet är att utifrån ett omvårdnadsperspektiv undersöka hur utvecklingen av syndromet sarkopeni på ett effektivt sätt kan förebyggas. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie där originalartiklar söktes i databaserna PubMed och Cinahl varav 15 originalartiklar granskades och sammanställdes. Resultat: Omvårdnadsåtgärder som förebygger sarkopeni indelas i nutrition, styrketräning, vibrationsträning, och övrig fysisk aktivitet. Styrketräning kan med medelhög intensitet och proteinrik kost minska fettmassan, öka muskelmassan och muskelstyrkan och öka den fysiska funktionen. Fysisk aktivitet och ett stort proteinintag kan inte förhindra men bromsa utvecklingen av sarkopeni. Ett högt proteinintag i samband med träning är ett effektivt sätt att förebygga sarkopeni. Vibrationsträning kan stärka muskelgrupper och i kombination med styrketräning även öka muskelstyrka, rörlighet och muskelmassa. Slutsats: Fysisk aktivitet och då framför allt styrketräning kan motverka sarkopeni.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare equations used to calculate BMR to values of BMR obtained from measurements in order to determine the most suitable equation to be used on children and adolescents with CF.Design: The participants where children and adolescents with CF. Data was collected from the division of Clinical Nutrition at Uppsala Akademiska Sjukhus. Age, weight, height, BMI, BMR, FFM and FM was recorded from 27 measurements. BMR from the participants collected from the indirect respiratory calorimetry was compared to the results obtained from five equations used to obtain a calculated value of BMR.Results: Tverskayas equation was best correlated with the measured BMR for the whole group. The equation underestimated BMR for the participants with a measured BMR over 1400 kcal/24h and overestimated BMR for participants with a measured BMR under 1400 kcal/24h.

This paper evaluates the prospects for utilizing aquaculture effluents as a nutrient source in organic hydroponic, as is the case in aquaponics. The development of organic hydroponics is dependent on replacing synthetic fertilizers with organically derived nutrients, such as those found in aquaculture effluents. Also, in hydroponic cultivation the establishment of a plant pathogen suppressive micro flora is part of the plant protection strategy. Therefore, both nutritional and microbial qualities of aquaculture water and organic hydroponic nutri-ent solution were analyzed and compared. Results showed both aquaculture water and or-ganic hydroponic solution to be deficient in a number of essential elements, although or-ganic hydroponic solution was closer to recommendations.

Hjärtsvikt är ett världsomfattande hälsoproblem, en progressiv kardiovaskulär kronisk sjukdom som innebär försämrad livskvalitet och återkommande sjukhusbesök för personer som drabbas. Omvårdnadsinterventioner kan hjälpa och stödja personer till förbättrad livskvalitet och minskade sjukhusinläggningar. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att sammanställa befintlig kunskap gällande omvårdnadsinterventioner vid hjärtsvikt. Litteraturstudien utformades som en integrerad kunskapsöversikt innefattande både kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier för att få större helhetsbild av det som studerats. En analysmetod valdes som passar vid systematiska kunskapsöversikter där det utvalda materialet noga lästes igenom.

General principles of law can be defined as a legal foundation with the function of codifying basic values. They can also be of a character, which makes them useful as supplement and interpretation of law. EU has developed principles of law that can be divided into general and special. Within the Union there are existences of around twenty general ones. A further separation can be made in terms of institutional and individual.

Animal welfare during transport has for a long time been a problem around the world. Many animals are transported in stressful environments for slaughter. Even during Roman and Antiquity times wild animals were transported from Africa to the amusement parks in Rome. The aim of our work was to compare how well Sweden and Denmark are performing their inspections of transports of cattle and pigs for slaughter. Today, overloaded transports and poor treatment is not uncommon in Europe and every year 22 million animals are transported between countries.

Abstract P. Hed. (2011) What is health for men? Bachelor thesis. Gävle: University of Gävle, Faculty of health and occupational studies; 2011.

Today, "the digital library" is the common way of describing a managed collection of information, with associated services, stored in digital formats and accessible over a network. Digital libraries have mainly been developed at research libraries, but during the last few years public libraries have started to offer similar services.The aim of this Master's thesis is to study how the Swedish public libraries plan to develop their digital libraries according to their mission statements, and in what way they have implemented them at their web sites. 21 public libraries, the largest in each Swedish county, were investigated.The library mission statements are investigated to find out in what terms the digital libraries are described and to what extent. The library websites are examined with respect to what kind of digital services are offered, to what extent they supplement or replace the physical library, and if there are new digital services not found in the physical library.In most mission statements the digital library is referred to in sweeping terms like "IT activities" and "new media". However, a few of the libraries clearly regard the digital library as an important part of the future operations, speaking of it in well defined and extensive terms.The public library websites are relatively homogeneous when it comes to services supplementing physical library activities, like web access to the library catalogue and links to other library catalogues.

Äldre patienter som har risk för undernäring eller är undernärda är vanligt förekommande på svenska sjukhus. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vad sjuksköterskan kan göra för att förebygga undernäring hos äldre patienter (65+) på sjukhus. En beskrivande litteraturstudie genomfördes där författarna granskade elva vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna söktes i databaserna PubMed och Mosby´s index. Resultatet i studien visade att det finns flera olika mätmetoder för att upptäcka undernäring eller risk för undernäring hos äldre patienter inneliggande på sjukhus.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicin and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Does supplementation of omega-3 during pregnancy affectprevalence of allergy in infants and children?Author: Peter Eliasson, Anna RahmSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 ECTSDate: 2012-04-12BackgroundEpidemiologic research has shown an association between a high intake of fish and allergy.The underlying theory is that allergy develops already at a prenatal stage and food intakeduring pregnancy has been shown to be significant. Conducting research on allergy isproblematic since it has genetic, as well as enviromental, determinants.ObjectiveThis thesis attempts to conclude and evaluate research on a connection betweensupplementation of omega-3 during pregnancy and allergic outcomes in infants and children.Search strategyThe literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Scopus. Among thekeywords chosen were omega 3, supplement, pregnancy and allergy.Selection criteriaHuman RCT, that measured allergy, where the intervention consisted of supplementation withomega-3 for at least ten weeks during pregnancy and ceased at birth.Data collection and analysisThree articles were chosen for this thesis. The articles were examined using templates fromSBU and the quality of evidence was evaluated according to GRADE.Main resultsNone of the articles showed a protective effect on allergic outcome but in one of the studiesthere was significant reduction in eggallergy and another showed significant lower occurrenceof severe eczema.ConclusionsSupplementation with omega-3 during pregnancy does not occur to have an protective effecton allergic outcome in infants and childen but the evidence for this is considered to bemoderate.

Cirka hälften av de patienter som drabbats av stroke kan få svårigheter med att äta. Det kan bero på att de har drabbats av olika funktionsbortfall som är vanligt efter stroke. Svårigheter med att äta kan i sin tur leda till malnutrition, då det uppstår en obalans mellan energi- och näringsomsättning och energi- och näringsintag. Syftet med den här studien var att belysa sjuksköterskans omvårdnad bland patienter med stroke relaterat till deras nutrition. Teoretisk referensram för studien vara Dorothea Orems omvårdnadsteori.