Information regarding cows grazing behaviour and time spent grazing can be of great interest to dairy farmers, since this information can indicate how well suited the pasture is to the cows. Feed intake at pasture is however challenging to measure. Automated systems for monitoring the behaviour of cows within dairy production have become increasingly important and relatively common. The aim of this study was to validate an activity measuring device (HOBO® G Logger Pendant Data Logger, USA), a triaxial accelerometer that registers the cow?s head positions during grazing, in order to see if cows? grazing behaviour on pasture could be distinguished from their non grazing behaviour.

The main purpose of the project was to identify potential environmentally harmful substances which can be leached from rubber asphalt. A method for analysing asphalt was developed and three rubber asphalt materials were analysed after being cryogrinded. One of the materials was also tested in a road machine made for testing of asphalt paving. The particles created in the machine were analysed in the same manner as the cryogrinded asphalt materials.The asphalt materials were leached by water during 24 hours. The leachates were extracted with dichloromethane, dried with sodium sulphate and concentrated to a small volume.

The existence for companies today consists of constant challenges with customers that want more individual products with high quality as quickly as possible. For a company to be able to have a short delivery time, it must also have a short production time. This makes streamlining and improvement of processes a big part of a company?s workThis thesis has been carried out together with the company Lasermax Roll Systems AB, a world-leading manufacturer of feeding, finishing and monitoring systems for high-speed digital printers. They manufacture their products according to the assembling for costumer order principle.The purpose with this thesis is to map and analyze, the assembling process and the test process at Lasermax Roll Systems AB.

Syftet med arbetet var att sammanställa vad som tidigare har skrivits om de essentiella fettsyrorna och huruvida de har effekt på ögats främre delar, framför allt på det torra ögat.Denna litteraturstudie har genomförts med hjälp av artiklar som hittats på PubMed och Google Scholar, med hjälp av sökord såsom ?nutrition, dry eye, omega-3 och fatty acids?,men även med hjälp av andra artiklars referenslistor. Artiklarna har sedan sammanställts tilldetta arbete.Efter sammanställning av artiklarna är det möjligt att skönja en mildrande effekt av omega-6 fettsyror på symtom på torra ögon och även en ökning av tårproduktionen. Även omega-3 fettsyror tycks ha dessa egenskaper och kan därför hjälpa det torra ögat. Dock tycks en högre omega-6:omega-3 ? kvot leda till en ökad risk för torra ögon, vilket faktiskt till viss del motsäger resultatet att omega-6 fettsyror fungerar förbättrande för torra ögon.

Background and aims: The population of older people in our society is increasing. Agerelated changes in the skin results in a diminished perception of pain and pressure and a decreased microcirculation in the skin affects its ability to adapt to injury. Occurrence of pressure sore on geriatrikal clinics are 5-10%, witch means that between five and ten thousand patients gets daily treat for pressure sores. When the patient gets a pressure sore the need for help increases. A common apprehension is that if the patient?s affects with pressure sores it?s because of deficiency in care.

This thesis describes the redesign ofequipment designed for drying bags thatis used in Fresenius Kabis´manufacturing of their nutritionmedicine in Uppsala. The need of thistask arise during the start of thedevelopment of a new packaging line werethis equipment were meant to be used. Anevaluation of the bagdryers capacity andcapability was necessary.The work started with gathering ofinformation from suppliers of the usedcomponents and from the responsibleengineers for this equipment. Aneducation to learn how the equipmentworked and how to operate it were taken.That was followed by the creation of astudy plan were the tests were plannedto test different parameters effect onthe drying result and to see if thebagdryer managed to handle the bags ofthe correct format in the pace that theequipment should be designed for.The test results detected a need ofdesigning a unit with a function thatholds the bags in place while passingthrough the dryer in order to attainhigh quality results. The results werelater used for optimization of thedesign.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrund: När människan åldras så förändras inte bara kroppens utseende utan också dessnutritionsbehov. Äldre personer som är i kontakt med vården upplever att de inte får denhjälp de behöver med att anpassa nutritionsvården till sina individuella behov ochförutsättningar. När nutritionsvården inte kan anpassas till patienternas individuella behovså föreligger det risk för försämrad hälsa och ett ökat lidande. Patienterna upplever inte attsjuksköterskorna uppmärksammar deras upplevelser av nutritionsvården. Syfte: Syftet meddetta examensarbete är att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att tillgodose äldresnäringsbehov.

BackgroundMalnutrition in hospitalized patients has a high prevalence. This led to an action plan against malnutrition that was conducted in 2012 at Enköpings hospital. This paper investigated the nursing staff perceptions of this project on nutrition and nutrient intake in two different departments, and whether these perceptions differ between departments. MethodAn inductive approach with semi-structured interview was used in interviews with eight persons from the staff of the two departments of the hospital in Enköping involved in the project. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and analyzed by content analysis. ResultsIn the interview material four categories were identified as well as six different subcategories. The different categories were: "Attitude", "Knowledge", "Procedures" and "Workload".

The existence for companies today consists of constant challenges with customers that want more individual products with high quality as quickly as possible. For a company to be able to have a short delivery time, it must also have a short production time. This makes streamlining and improvement of processes a big part of a company?s workThis thesis has been carried out together with the company Lasermax Roll Systems AB, a world-leading manufacturer of feeding, finishing and monitoring systems for high-speed digital printers. They manufacture their products according to the assembling for costumer order principle.The purpose with this thesis is to map and analyze, the assembling process and the test process at Lasermax Roll Systems AB.

Syfte: Att utvärdera om samband finns mellan fysisk aktivitet, som antas öka muskelmassan och därmed även den fettfria massan, och basalmetabolismen hos barn i åldern 10-13 år med övervikt.Metod: En kvantitativ, deskriptiv korrelationsstudie utfördes. 24 barn som remitterats från Överviktsenheten till Enheten för klinisk nutrition och metabolism vid Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala för utredning av övervikt inkluderades i studien. Relevant data hämtades från deltagarnas patientjournaler och värden på den fysiska aktivitetsnivån (PAL) beräknades. Efter sammanställning av data delades deltagarna in i två grupper efter fysisk aktivitetsnivå varpå statistiska analyser utfördes.Resultat: Resultaten i utförd studie påvisade inga statistiskt signifikanta samband mellan fysisk aktivitet och basalmetabolism eller mellan andelen fettfri massa och basalmetabolism hos överviktiga barn i åldern 10-13 år. Någon statistisk signifikant skillnad i basalmetabolism eller andelen fettfri massa beroende på fysisk aktivitetsnivå fanns heller inte i den undersökta gruppen.Slutsats: I utförd studie kunde inga statistiskt signifikanta samband eller skillnader påvisas.

Biogas is an expanding sector within the broad field of agriculture and animal production. Small-scale biogas offers local combined power and heating production and the substrate is transformed into high-quality biological fertilizer. This bachelor thesis focuses on a pig farm in south-western Sweden, where biogas is produced from pig manure, evaluates and suggests ways of optimizing the process and investigates whether investing in an upgrading plant would be a feasible and more cost-efficient option. The results show that the biogas plant is working well, although the production differs from the original plans. This shows in turn that planning and examining the basic conditions before making the investment is of great importance, as well as monitoring and keeping detailed statistics of the running process.

Most of the portable electronic devices use a battery as a primary power source. Nowadays, when the applications are becoming smaller and smaller and more power efficient, the designer needs to concentrate more on reducing power consumption, using secondary power sources and introducing power storage devices. Multiple power source availability and a power storage device on the board will make the applications much more useful and efficient in everyday use. This thesis proposes a power supply unit (PSU) for wireless sensor platforms which is capable of supplying a sensor node with energy from multiple sources, as well as status information from the PSU. Present power storage devices, like electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs) and batteries, have become more and more common as their characteristics have developed.

This study aims to investigate, describe and discuss the views of a group of adolescents on their identity and the process of second language acquisition. They all came to Sweden and started studying in Swedish schools in the last three years without any knowledge of the Swedish language.The study has been conducted with respect to the adolescents own perspectives and what they consider important.The methods used are group discussions/ interviews, observations in class and informal discussions with teachers and adolescents.Their voices are described and discussed in this paper. One must take into consideration that there is no objective of being neutral or to generalize the results to any other group or category. On the contrary the study has involved critical self- scrutiny and active reflexivity according to ethnographic tradition.Symbolic interaction has provided a theoretical framework for the study. Looking into how social identities may be constructed or communicated from the adolescents voices and looking in to their use of language the study reveals that several expectations and situations need? to be met by different identities.

Äldre människor är mer utsatta för nutritionsbrist än yngre och har en högre risk för att utveckla undernäring. Undernäring är fortfarande mycket underskattat, vilket kan innebära att vårdpersonal inte inser, hur allvarligt näringsmässiga problem kunde bli. Syftet var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan i sin yrkesroll kan identifiera malnutrition hos äldre människor, samt beskriva vilka attityder sjuksköterskor har till malnutrition. Metod: för att uppnå syftet med studien gjordes en litteraturöversikt. Sökningar gjordes via databaserna PubMed och CINAHL där 15 artiklar, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa, sammanställdes och analyserades utifrån en manifest innehållsanalys.

Bakgrund: En stor andel inneliggande äldre patienter är i riskzonen för att drabbas av trycksår, detta orsakat av en kombination av undernäring samt bristande kunskaper hos sjuksköterskor gällande patienters näringsintag. Trycksår orsakar inte bara ett stort lidande hos den enskilde individen utan är även en stor hälsoekonomisk kostnad. Kunskap om nutritionens betydelse samt dess olika näringskomponenter behövs vid upprättade av individuella behandlingsplaner hos äldre.Syfte: Att beskriva näringskomponenternas positiva inverkan på sårläkningsprocessen vid trycksår hos äldre. Metod: Tolv kvantitativa empiriska studier har i litteraturstudien granskats, analyserats och sammanställts. Artikelsökningen genomfördes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och Medline och analysprocessen utgick från beskrivande syntes.Resultat: I de tolv granskade artiklarna, påvisades vikten av makro- och mikronäringsämnen, så som protein, protein i kombination med kolhydrater och fett, arginin och arginin i kombination med vitamin C och zink samt övriga aminosyrors positiva inverkan på trycksårsläkningen hos äldre.Slutsats: Litteraturstudiens resultat visade att näringskomponenter har en positiv inverkan på trycksårsläkningen. För att inkludera nutrition som en omvårdnadsåtgärd krävs ökad kunskap hos sjuksköterskor gällande betydelsen av rätt nutritionsbehandling och kunskapen att identifiera personer som kan bli hjälpta av den behandlingen, samt vidare forskning inom ämnet..