In today?s society a large focus is put on energy systems and how our energy systems are built up. In order to make sure that we in the future still can enjoy the living standards that we are used to today, Sweden and EU have made a number of decisions on making our energy system more energy efficient and consequently reduce the usage of energy resources. By 2020 the European Union should have reduced its energy consumption by 20 % compared to 1990?s level, and by 2050, 50%.

In June 2006 the Swedish government decided that the use of energy in buildings should be reduced by 20 percent until 2020, compared to the level of energy used in 1995. To contribute to this goal, the real estate company ?Eskilstuna Kommunfastigheter AB?, set up own goals for their buildings. In 2009, the goal for schools was to have a maximum energy use of 118 kWh/m2year for heating and hot water.The school ?Hållsta skola?, just south of Eskilstuna, exceeds the limit since it used 270 kWh in 2008.

Sverige och EU har man som mål att halvera energianvändningen fram till 2050 och det arbetet måste starta nu. Det är 15 miljoner kvm byggyta som måste halvera sin energianvändning varje år och i 40 år framåt. Redan idag är 70 % av alla hus till 2050 byggda, vilket innebär att även om vi skulle bygga passivhus fram tills dess skulle det inte räcka för att nå målet. Det är alltså en stor utmaning att halvera energianvändningen till 2050. En jämförelsestudie har genomförts mellan två värmeåtervinningssystem.

BAKGRUND: CABG blir en allt vanligare åtgärd vid kranskärlssjukdom inom svensk sjukvård. Målet med operationen är att lindra symtom vid kärlkramp och hjärtinfarkt samt att reducera mortaliteten. SYFTE: Syftet var att beskriva patienters emotionella upplevelser under det första året efter en CABG operation. METOD: En allmän litteraturstudie som grundades på kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Resultatet baserades på sju vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes fram via elektroniska databaser och därefter granskades och analyserades.

Compared with a few years ago, the cost of concentrates has increased substantially and because of that an increased proportion of pasture is of interest. Pasture is cheap and the farmer does not have to harvest when the cows do it themselves by grazing. This saves both money and time. According to research milk yield decrease with an increasing proportion of pasture in the diet. This is because cows on pasture will have lower dry matter intake than cows with supplements.

Honey is a product that may contain pesticide residues due to contamination from bees pollinating various plants as well as elimination of vermin inside the hive. Different methods are needed for analysis of pesticides, since the term includes a wide range of different substances. National Food Administration lacks a validated method for determination and quantification of pesticides in honey using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS. The technique is especially important in analysis of polar and non-volatile pesticides, where gas chromatography is not functioning optimally. After investigating what pesticides could be found in honey produced in Sweden, a number of four pesticides suitable for analysis with LC-MS/MS was compiled; boscalid, impidacloprid, tau-fluvalinate and thiacloprid.

When establishing a groundwater protection area it is of great interest to be able to estimate the transit time of the groundwater from different places of the aquifer to the withdrawal well. These estimates can be uncertain due to heterogeneities in the aquifer. As a part of the work to develop methods for a more certain delineation of protection areas, a tracer test was performed in an esker located 25 kilometres NW of the town Uppsala.The purpose of this master thesis was to perform, describe and evaluate the tracer test. Travel times from the tracer test should then enable comparison against stochastic simulated travel times of the groundwater in the area.Three dyes (rhodamine WT, uranine and naphtionate) and a salt (NaBr) were used in the tracer test. The tracers were injected in four different wells located 25 meters from a pumping well.

Unwanted vegetation on the land of electric transforming stations is a problem, in the sense that it contributes to higher fire risks and also constitutes an obstacle for people performing maintenance operations at the station. Such unwanted vegetation is controlled using herbicides and mechanical measures. Since the use of herbicides implies environmental hazards, there is a need to find alternative ways of fighting the unwanted vegetation. Investigation into suitable plants for ground cover, trials in the greenhouse, trials in the field, soil analyses and compilation of experiences from similar trials are parts of this work. The paper also contains analyses of possible environmental benefits and economical gains. There is also a final discussion of some proposals regarding alternative weed controlling methods.

 Syfte: Den bakomliggande tanken med vår uppsats är att belysa tjänstekvalitet från ett kund- och medarbetarperspektiv. Vi ville dels undersöka medarbetarnas uppfattning om det egna företagets tjänstekvalitet och dels kundernas uppfattning av och förväntningar på företagets tjänstekvalitet. En annan aspekt som undersöks är hur kundrelationens längd påverkar den kundupplevda tjänstekvaliteten.Metod: Både sekundär- och primärdata har använts i uppsatsen. Vi har genomfört en litteraturstudie för att söka kunskap inom området tjänster och tjänstekvalitet. Därefter genomförde vi en förstudie i form av interjuver med befintliga kunder till företaget och slutligen gjorde vi en kvantitativ undersökning.

The aim of this study was to in laboratory experiments investigate how addition of urea, ECOX and structural materials can optimize sanitization during composting of sewage sludge. Today we strive for a sustainable society and the importance of closing the nutrient loop increases. It has therefore become even more important to safely reuse plant nutrients from human excreta to agricultural land. Partly because it increases the sustainability of society as the world's supply of many nutrients are finite, partly because it promotes human health, both by reducing disease transmission and by increasing Agricultural production. An untapped resource such as sewage sludge that is rich in nutrients and humus-forming materials could replace parts of the commercial fertilizers used in Sweden today. owever, sewage sludge contains undesirable substances such as heavy metals and drug residues, and pathogenic microorganisms.

The report contains a survey on telecommuting in nature and how concepts around that information could look like. The client for the project is Lars Sandberg, Dotank AB in Karlstad. The project is implemented in the course Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design, MSCG22 of the faculty of health, science and technology at Karlstad University in the spring of 2014.Working flexibly and remotely in the so-called knowledge based professions is growing. That nature is an important source of recovery is a fact. The literature search in this report shows that there are factors that create both physical and psychological stress on most office workers while nature is a source of recovery and inspiration.

I?ve tried to find the most effective and cost effective way to harvest straw for energy recovery.You can choose between round bales and big square bales. Square bales are the cheapest way to produce straw for fuel recovery because you can optimize the length of the bales so they fit the transportation equipment.In the Malmö area the average days of harvesting hay is 55. The effectively of transportation depends mostly of the speed, the distance and density of the bales. To increase the capacity of bale transportation larger loads and higher density of the bales is necessary.

SammanfattningEn ånganna monterades i EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) slingan på en 12,7 liters Scania Euro V motor (DC1306). En modell som beskriver Rankine cykel togs fram med vatten som köldmedium i simuleringsverktyget GT-Power. Ångpannan i GT-power modellen kalibrerades m.h.a experimentell data.Simuleringarna visade att det optimala ångtrycket, det trycket där högst effekt kan erhållas från expandern, är beroende av EGR temperaturen. Det innebär att ju högre EGR inloppstemperatur desto högre optimalt ångtryck. EGR temperaturen i punkt 2 i ESC cykeln är 514? C för denna motor, vilket resulterar i ett optimalt tryck på 120 bar enligt simuleringen.

Weaning is one of the most critical events in the piglet production with problems such as growth check and post-weaning diarrhea as a result. The lighter the piglets are when the growth check occurs, the harder they have to get back to normal growth rate. Creep feeding of piglets is used to reduce the problems by increasing the weaning weight and adapting the digestive tract to a starter diet. Hodge (1974) showed that the sow?s milk can not provide enough nutrients for maximal growth rate.

The Baltic Sea is one of the world?s most polluted seas. Increased discharge of nutrients due to greater populations of people, together with a slow water exchange, creates great stress on the sea. Too much nutrients leads to increased growth of algae and causes problem in the ecosystem. Even if we reduce nutrient discharge the problem still exist in the ocean. When algae dies and sinks, more nutritional substances is produced called "internal eutrophication". This phenomenon will grow in the future due to a warmer climate and the problem is spreading towards the coastal zone, which is an important site for fish recreation. By removing the abundance of algae, the nutritional and toxic substances are reduced and the algae biomass can be a future resource for biofuel production..