The aim of this study was to conduct an instrument test of the Canadian questionnaire Alberta Context Tool (ACT) version Long-Term care for Swedish conditions. ACT is designed in order to measure the context in the care environment and different behaviours related to the changes in clinical practice. In total, 159 Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) and Registered Nurses (RNs) within municipality care of the elderly were included in the survey. The test included the instrument's reliability and face validity.The reliability test was implemented through calculation of Cronbach´s Alpha, and showed internal consistency for five of the scales of the ACT-instrument with Cronbach´s Alpha values ranging between 0,728 and 0,873. However, three dimensions got lower values (0,558 - 0,683).The analysis was carried out with content analysis and carried out for LPNs and RNs in separate groups.

The relationship human has to animals are complex and I discuss this from a theological and philosophical perspective in this essay. I ask on what grounds, with what arguments and how one could live with an inclusive ethic. I discuss the philosopher Peter Singer and the theologian Andrew Linzey to see their agreements and differences. Linzey has a mystic influence built into the theological perspective. Swedish activists and authors Pelle Strindlund and Annika Spalde call their way of life the ?Way of love? and show an animal-inclusive ethic built on a Christian mystic ground..

This report is written for a consultant networking company with the purpose to review the development ofthe company's remote connections from a user friendly and security perspective.This includes an investigation of the possibilities to consolidate existing authentication methods foraccessing customers. The problem lies in the amount of methods being used. Through case study wefound that smart cards, SMS-service, software and hardware tokens exist.The only method feasible from a security perspective is smart cards. Since the method is not commonlyused by the company's customers a standardization of it would be counterproductive.Also, the purpose of this report is to investigate how the ongoing internal development of the remoteconnection will affect the company's clients. Within this framework we have also verified a designsuggestion.We interpret, after the completion of the case study, that the internal development of the remoteconnection is marginally affected by legal perspectives.

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..

The purpose of this study is to find out what the educators idea of educational documentations in ratio to childrens inclusion and impact in pre-school are, together with the child's own perception of the concepts of documentation. We proceeded from the following issues: What are the significance of educational work according to the teachers? What is the teachers idea of a childs impact and inclusion in educational documentation? In what way do the children have influence over, and inclusion in educational documentation? What are the childrens feelings of the documentations? In order to find answers to our questions, we used qualitative examinations consisting of seven educators and seven children from various pre-schools in Stockholm, and thereby, we have analyzed our results. As our theoretical frame, we used ourselves of Vygotskijs and Säljö's sociocultural perspective that is about "progress and learning", which is achieved by interaction and cooperation in a social context. The result shows that the aim of educational documentation is to reveal the childs development and learning, and also to involve the parents by putting up documents on the wall.

Background: Basic hygiene is an important measure to prevent healthcare associated infections, save patients? lives, and reduce economic costs for health care. Healthcare associated infections are a threat to patient safety. In community care persons who are the care takers are a risk group and nurses must make sure that basic hygiene procedures are followed.Method: Literature studies with descriptive design, article search in databases Cinahl and PubMed. The results found are based on twelve chosen articles.Aim: To describe factors related to adherence to basic hygiene and how nurses in community care can help to improve compliance with these procedures.Results: In the nursing staff and leadership in health care interest in and the understanding of basic hygiene is described as being of most importance.

Syftet med denna studie var att genom analys av tillgänglig litteratur inom området advocacy in nursing klarlägga innebörden av begreppet advocacy sett från sjukvårdens synpunkt, vem/vilka som skall ha funktionen som advocate i sjukvården, hur advocacy i praktiken bäst skall beskrivas inom sjukvården samt hur den som skall ha rollen som advocate bäst skall utbildas och föreberedas för sin uppgift. Som metod användes studium och analys av en selektion av tillgänglig litteratur inom området med speciell inriktning mot den egentliga innebörden av begreppet advocacy, argument för och emot sjuksköterskans funktion i rollen som advocate, hur advocacy bäst skall integreras och tillämpas i vårdprocessen och hur den som har rollen som advocate bäst skall förberedas för den. Resultat av litteraturstudien visade brist på enhetlig definition av begreppet advocacy, vilket skapar svårigheter att analysera och jämföra erfarenheter inom området. Även om motargument beskrevs, talade all erfarenhet inom området i denna studie för att sjuksköterskan är den mest lämpade att ha denna roll. Risken för att sjuksköterskan vid fullgörande av denna uppgift hamnar i en konfliktsituation mot övrig vårdpersonal betonades genomgående i denna litteratur, illustrerande betydelsen av att advocacy utförs som ett teamarbete med stöd och medverkan av all personal även om sjuksköterskan har huvudrollen.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att granska vetenskaplig litteratur med avsikt att undersöka vilka riskfaktorer som leder till utbrändhet bland sjuksköterskor samt hur dessa kan förebyggas..

Background:Public health is a concern of many important areas of society and it`s important that Sweden works with the health of the individual through the eleven public health areas. Health isn`t longer only a objective but even a resource. That`s why the society works with the health of the individual through a salutogenic perspective, about what can preserve or enhance the health of the individual.Aim:The aim of this study is to find out what the staff at a nursing home has views of what health can bring, and also study how health affects their ability to work. Also to study the employee`s apprehension of the wellness reimbursement that employer offers them.Material and Method:A qualitative method was used to obtain results from eight interviews with health care workers in Skåne. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis.Results:For the interview person?s health means to feel good and be healthy.

Uppfattningen om äldre och åldrandet påverkar synen på behov och problem samt hur omvårdnad och bemötande sker mot äldre. Olika åldrandeteorier påverkar omvårdnadspersonalens synsätt på åldrandet, vilket i sin tur påverkar de äldre. Gerotranscendens är en åldrandeteori som beskriver åldrandet som något positivt.Syftet med studien var att presentera teorin om gerotranscendens för omvårdnadspersonal på ett särskilt boende och undersöka om de anser att kunskap om gerotranscendens förändrar deras synsätt gentemot äldre.Studien har utförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med 12 omvårdnadspersonal på ett särskilt boende. Data har analyserats med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Denna studie tyder på att kunskap i teorier om åldrandet ger en ökad förståelse för åldrandet och en medvetenhet hos omvårdnadspersonalen hur de kan känna igen tecken på gerotranscendens och därmed främja äldres väg mot gerotranscendens. Studien tyder även på att kunskapen om gerotranscendens har gett omvårdnadspersonalen andra redskap att använda i omvårdnaden av de äldre.Omvårdnadspersonalen har genom kunskap i teorin om gerotranscendens fått en medvetenhet om att de genom förändrade arbetsmetoder och annan samtalsteknik med de äldre kan främja de äldres väg mot gerotranscendens..

The aim of this study is to describe and analyse an elderly care team?s prerequisite to anchor a salutogenic perspective and approach in an elderly care team in Kalmar municipality. The study identifies factors that could impede or promote the anchoring and examine how the organisation aims to work in a single direction even if the multidisciplinary team processes a diversity of knowledge, education and abilities. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews from representatives of all professions in the multidisciplinary team; social workers, paramedical professions, nurses and care-givers. The theoretical frame consisted of a translating perspective, leadership and ideas of interaction and power.

AimThe aim of this study has been to examine how health enhancement teachers in Montana, USA, view the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.In what way does the health enhancement teacher think the importance of physical activity from a lifelong perspective could be presented?What resources are available for teachers to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective?MethodThe issue has been answered through qualitative interviews consisting of six health enhancement teachers, four women and two men, in Montana, USA. One of the teachers worked at an elementary school (for 30 years), three teachers worked at middle schools (20, 10 and 8 years of work experience) and two of the teachers interviewed worked at a high school (30 and 3 years).  ResultsThe majority of teachers feel that a wide variety of activities, adapted to an individual level, and the understanding of a healthy lifestyle are important in order for the teacher to present the value of physical activity from a lifelong perspective.The teachers felt they had sufficient material in order to present the value of physical activity, where the school budget provided the teachers with materials every year. In addition to the budget, all the teachers had 12 hours of professional development every year where they could attend conferences or their own choice of professional development.ConclusionWith the help in forms of professional development offered by the school, conferences, meeting with other teachers, and their own choice of development, the teachers instruction techniques could increase which could help the teachers to find the pupils? interest for different kinds of physical activities.KeywordsPhysical education and health, physical activity, SOC, sense of coherence..

Unit testing is a type of testing technique which is becoming quite fashionable to the developers and companies that are in the business of creating and managing software. Alas there are seldom any concrete data to support the positive claims of the authors in unit testing methodology books. These claims are instead based on empirical studies and the experience of the authors. The problem that arises from this situation is that it becomes problematic for managers and also the developers themselves to convince both customers and their own management to use this type of testing as there is no exact return of investment model. This essay examines this problem from two points, the first point is from the literature itself and interviews conducted with a number of developers at a software company located in Umea, Sweden.