Inom vården är empati en viktig grund för vårdarbetet. Forskning har visat att om man känner en ökad empati för en person i nöd så ökar tendensen att hjälpa denne. Frågesällningarna var ifall personal blir utmattade i högre grad vid hög empati och om distansering har att göra med hur länge man har arbetat inom sitt yrke. En kvantitativ studie med 109 mentalskötare och undersköterskor påvisade signifikanta skillnader inom yrkena på empati, utmattning och distans. Undersköterskor uppvisade en högre empati än mentalskötare.

Background: When a child gets cancer it involves the whole family. The view of family focused care has change over the years. It has been shown that the family needs support to manage their life situation, when their child is ill. Aim: The aim of this study was to illustrate the family?s life situation, when a child gets cancer.

There are over 1,5 billion Muslims living on earth and the religion is one of the world´s most increasing. Sweden is a country with a cultural diversity where about 300 000 Muslims lived in 1999. Today, the requirement for knowledge about caring for Muslims and the need of culturally competent nursing care are increasing.The aim of this study was to define cultural factors which the nurse has to recognize to be able to give culturally competent care to the Muslim patient. The method that has been used was a The Sunrise Model, which illustrates Leininger´s theory of culture care diversity and universality, provides a theoretical framework for the study. The results are presented on the basis of Leininger´s three cultural factors; cultural values, beliefs and lifeways.

The reasons for hypothermia during general anaesthesia are many and varied. The lowered body temperature causes negative physiological effects and leads to discomfort for the animal during the recovery period. This student report is a combination of field study and literature review. In the field study the changes in ambient temperature and the rectal temperature of dogs were monitored during general anaesthesia. The purpose of the study was to see if the body temperature of dogs was reduced during general anaesthesia.

Background and aim: The number of refugees and unaccompanied children are increasing in Sweden and these people belong to one of the groups that are at higher risk for developing suicidal behavior. At the same time the lack of research on the subject is mentioned several times by different sources. The aim of this study is therefore to investigate suicidal behavior among young refugees between the ages 13 to 18 years in Sweden, from personnel experiences in social services.Method: We have chosen a qualitative approach with seven narrative interviews that each lasted for about one hour and were recorded. The interview guide was semi structured. The respondents in this study consist of one student counselor, workers from two child psychiatry departments and four different residential care homes for unaccompanied children and young persons.Results and conclusions: The respondents had the understanding that young refugees have been through a lot, lost their families and experienced difficult traumas and a tough refuge.

Background: People are individuals who react differently when confronted with unexpected events. To miscarry is nature?s own way of sorting out the foetuses which could never become a fully grown child. The loss can without help be difficult to handle and can impact the couple negatively towards future pregnancies. The nursing staff ought to familiarize themselves with the experience, encounter their feelings and identify their needs.

Samhället idag blir alltmer mångkulturellt. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka uppfattningar om smärta och smärtuttryck hos kvinnor från olika kulturer, från såväl ett patient- som ett vårdpersonalperspektiv. Teoretisk referensram för litteraturstudien var Joyce Travelbees teori om mellanmänskliga aspekter i omvårdnaden. Litteraturstudien är baserad på Forsberg och Wengströms (2003) metod för att genomföra systematiska litteraturstudier. Resultatet mynnade ut i en rad skillnader och likheter som har bearbetats i olika kategorier där de viktigaste resultaten pekade på att det finns både skillnader och likheter i smärtupplevelse och smärtintensitet hos kvinnor från olika kulturgrupper.

The aim of this investigation work " What was it called...Equality...? is to study a clinics current gender equailty plan from a gender approach and by a field survey see if, and in that case, how it can be improved. A connection between existing gender norms and gender power strukctures is applied in the results of this survey in order to illustrate their significance from an individual as well as a structural perspektive.The survey has been carried through by a field survey as well as a discourse analysis as method. Yvonne Hirdmans gender power system is on of the main theoretical points of departure.The results that I have achieved in this essay is that gender can be looked at in different ways within the labour market where women have the main responsibility over the family and are considered more nursing then men. Men on the other hand are thinking of their carriers and have higher salary requirements.

Background: Many elderly are feeling lonely and insecure in their homes; it?s difficult for them to cope with their life situation after discharge from hospital. There is therefore a need to get a deeper understanding of their situation and the need for action, thus possibly preventing a new hospital admission. Recent research shows that a better coordination is necessary when elderly are discharged from hospital and that the quality of the discharge is essential for how they cope at home afterwards.Purpose: To get a deeper knowledge of older people´s experiences associated with frequent readmissions to hospital.Method: A qualitative research approach was used trough interviews with open questions. Ten persons with an age of 75 years and older who had a readmission to hospital within one month was interviewed.

Bakgrund: Sexualitet är viktigt för alla individer då det ingår i människans fysiska och mentala behov. För äldre personer oavsett sexuell läggning (hetero? bi? homosexuell) är sexualitet viktigt för upplevelsen av ett hälsosamt liv. Forskning visar att många äldre saknar just kärlek och en fysisk nära kontakt. Patienters sexuella uttryck i form av verbala och sexuella handlingar kan skapa oro hos personalen då de saknar kunskap inom detta område.

Syftet med vår studie var att få en inblick i hur familjehemsföräldrar ser på sitt uppdrag utifrån följande frågeställningar:Vilka motiv och förväntningar finns till att vilja bli familjehem?Hur har uppdraget som familjehem påverkat relationerna i familjen?Har familjehemmen avlastning eller behov av det?Vilken syn har familjehemmen på handledning?Hur resonerar familjehemmen kring den ekonomiska ersättningen?Studien genomfördes med utgångspunkt i kvalitativa intervjuer, där vi tillsammans intervjuade 9 olika familjehem knutna till Kristianstads kommun. I 7 av intervjuerna medverkade båda familjehemsföräldrarna, i 2 intervjuer medverkade den ena familjehemsföräldern; sammanlagt 16 respondenter.Intervjuerna transkriberades, analyserades och presenterades sedan på två olika sätt. Utifrån meningskategorisering presenterades resultatet dels i idealtyper samt tematiskt utifrån citat.Familjehemsföräldrarna i vår studie har en samsyn som par i hur de ser på sitt uppdrag, och att de arbetar väl tillsammans. I vår studie fann vi 5 olika idealtyper, som illustrerar hur de ser på olika frågor.

Regardless of what discipline nurses work in, wound care is one of the tasks. Caring for wounds involves early detection of signs of infection, in order to avoid complication. Wound infection extends suffering for the patient and causes unnecessary costs for society. The aim was to describe how nurses can identify infection in wounds. Method: The design of the study was a literature review, where13 scientific articles were examined and analyzed.

We have written this paper about gambling problems with the purpose to give us and all of our readers a sense of understanding. With the term understanding we mean that we all know what type of activity gambling is but not a lot of us know how it feels for individuals that due to their addiction play almost every day and sometimes several times a day. By somehow trying to explain what kind of experiences people who engage in gambling feel, we hope that we somehow can increase our knowledge towards these persons and towards gambling. We are well informed that the content of our particular subject that we?ve chosen is massive and that more research needs to be done about or subject since there are no simple answers that can explain gambling behavior so easily.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att belysa de psykiska aspekterna av att drabbas av hypertyreos och hur det påverkar individens dagliga liv. Studien vänder sig till sjuksköterskor som kan använda studien i sitt arbete för att underlätta omvårdnaden kring patienter med hypertyreos, vilket på så sätt ger kunskap åt blivande kollegor. Hypertyreos är en sjukdom som blir alltmer vanlig i Sverige och som kan ge stora inverkningar på individens dagliga liv om den inte upptäcks och behandlas i tid. Metoden som valts är en litteraturstudie där tio vetenskapliga artiklar blivit systematiskt och kritiskt granskade utifrån Polit & Hunglers kriterier för vetenskap. Resultatet visar att ett flertal psykiska symtom påverkar som kan ge stora inverkningar på individens dagliga liv, vilket leder till reducerad generell hälsa och minskad vitalitet och känslomässighet, därmed upplever patienter begränsningar i det dagliga livet..

The aim of this study is to, from a child?s family relations, describe the usage of terms relating to factors of risk and safety in science and in investigations concerning children in need of protection. It is also of importance in what way the terms are used when the Social Services suggest that measures should be taken, and in which way the children have been heard in the investigations.The issues raised in this study are: (a) How is the current life situation and life quality of the children discussed? (b) The value of factors concerning risks and protection. (c) How is the children?s own descriptions taken in to consideration? (d) Is gender issues considered? (e) How is Lagerberg?s model (Lagerberg, 1998) useful in investigations?The method of analysis is mainly qualitative however it is combined with analysis of literature relevant to the study.