Varje år drabbas mellan 200-300 barn av cancer. Föräldrarna till dessa barn ställs inför en ny verklighet där hela tillvaron vänds upp och ner. Syftet med studien var att belysa föräldrars upplevelser när ett barn drabbas av cancer. Studien baserades på tre självbiografiska böcker som analyserades enligt Dahlbergs (1997) innehållsanalys för kvalitativa studier. Analysen resulterade i sju kategorier som omfattar föräldrarnas upplevelser i samband med att deras barn drabbades av cancer.

Det är inte enbart den sjuke som blir delaktig och påverkas i samband med ett insjuknande i cancer, utan även de anhöriga blir drabbas. Forskningen är inriktad på patienternas upplevelse av cancer, både ur ett kvantitativt och kvalitativt perspektiv. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva upplevelsen av information när en närstående har cancer. 11 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Analysen resulterade i fem slutliga kategorier: Att informationen orsakar rädsla och oro men ger stöd, Att vilja förstå det som sägs och skrivs, Att själv söka kunskap om cancer, Önskan att alltid få vara med, Att vårdpersonalen avsatte tid och förklarade.

Though still well used in Swedish schools, textbooks are no longer under any governmental control or inspection. It is now responsibilities of the teacher, thus, knowledge is considered crucial. Therefore, the aim of this study was firstly to investigate if and how four biology/natural science textbooks, produced 1957-2008 for primary school years (3) 4-6, expressed any sex, gender and/or sexuality norms. Moreover, due to thoughts of queer theoretic Judith Butler, the study also investigated if and how these three norms interacted. By examining what the textbooks mediated, the purpose was finally to find out if and how the norms differed or not.

Background: Relatives are those persons who are closest to the patient, regardless of relationship and included into the patient´s life world. When a person is in a palliative stage this affects not only the patient but also the relatives, as it implies such a big change in life for all. The nurse has an important role for both the patient and the relatives. Aim: The aim is to highlight the relative´s needs of support for palliative care. Method: A literature review based on previous research. Ten articles were found, nine with a qualitative approach and one with both qualitative and quantitative approach. Results: The analysis resulted in six themes, these were the result of the study. The six themes were, ?to be seen an confirmed?, ?good communication?, ?continuous information?, ?availability and continuity?, ?to participate? and ?to share responsibility with the staff?. Conclusion: As a nurse we come in contact with relatives of patients in a palliative setting in any form.

Background. With the mental health care reform 1995, the long-term mentally ill patients were meant to be integrated in the society. Instead, they became ?deported? to mental health care. Aim.

This thesis analyses how a radiology department at the largest hospital in Sweden, Karolinska University Hospital, most profitably could expand its capacity for investigating cancer patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The queues today for patients waiting to be scanned are long, which delays the start of cancer treatments. Meanwhile the hospital has a budget deficit of half a billion SEK, which make any expansion hard. In this thesis we evaluate the alternatives of investing in new machinery; utilize the current machinery better by using them more days annually or through a shift work system. Finally we evaluate a combination of these.

When nursing human patients during hospitalization, the nurse is the one responsible. The nursing is controlled by different models of nursing and careplans, shaped by every patient?s individual needs. This is to guarantee the quality of the care. The veterinary nurse is not ultimately responsible for patient care.

The RECK gene is a relatively new discovered gene with important implications for cancer research. The research has been primarily concentrated on the human gene with the ultimate aim to identify the invasive characteristics. Up regulated RECK is linked to significantly prolonged survival rates in patients with severe forms of malignancies. RECK is normally expressed in all cells of the body and has an important role in the balance between destructive and constructive features of the extracellular matrix. The RECK protein is a membrane-bound glycoprotein that inhibit matrix metalloproteinases which has the function of breaking down the ECM. There is a significant correlation between RECK gene expression and the formation of new vessels, presumably via the mediation of VEGF which is an important and powerful inducer of angiogenesis.

Background:An increasing number of patients with an oncology diagnose will be seen in the future. The oncology care is complex and in great need of nurses with a high level of competence. There is a lack of previous research in the specialist oncology nurses competence and therefore knowledge of their skills can reveal an understanding of their competence.Aim:The aim of the study was to describe the competence of the specialist oncology nurse.Method:Four oncology nurses and two directors of oncology care were interviewed. The interview text was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.Results:The result showed that the oncology nurses had developed six different competences within different areas. These competence areas were assertiveness, patient-centered care, ethical and moral-, pedagogical-, to lead and develop- and theoretical competence.

Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att undersöka hur patienter med prostatacancer uppfattade den givna informationen om sin sjukdom och behandlingen av den. Författarna har utgått från Willman m fl (2006) evidensbaserade metod. De vetenskapliga artiklarna som legat till grund för studien granskades i protokoll av Carlsson & Eiman m fl (2003), modifierade av författarna. Studien innefattar tolv vetenskapliga artiklar. Författarna kom i resultatet fram till tre olika temaområden: informationsmaterial och hjälpmedel, informatörer och stödgivare samt behov av information.

Bakgrund: Målet med den palliativa vården är att med hjälp av behandlingar och vård bibehålla eller förbättra den livskvalité som personen har. Dock upplever de flesta personer med cancer svår smärta i det palliativa skedet. Dessutom kan personer med cancer uppleva olika former av smärta samtidigt. Smärta kan uttryckas genom både verbal och icke verbal kommunikation. Genom öppen och god kommunikation minskar risken för missförstånd och detta kan leda till ökat välbefinnande för personer med cancer.

ABSTRACTBackground: The incidence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Early intervention in form of medication, advice on self-management and lifestyle changes is necessary to avoid complications. Few Swedish studies are made on the diabetes nurse?s views on promotion of self- management.Purpose: To examine the diabetes specialist nurse?s experience of promoting self-management to patients with type 2 diabetes in primary care.  Method: A qualitative explorative study where eight diabetes nurses were interviewed. The interview guide consisted of semistructed questions concerning the promotion of self-management.Results: The diabetes nurse?s role in promoting patient self-management is significant, if resources are available in the form of adequate time for the patient and good team work.

Background Adolescents and adults suffering from needle phobia have an unreasonable fear of needles that leads to negative experiences if they do not get the support they need. Negative experiences lead to patients avoiding health care, or these experiences affect important aspects of life. The suffering that a patient experiences may be obvious to some, but others hide it, and then it will be more difficult to detect. The nurse's role is to recognize the suffering and its different reactions in order to alleviate and prevent unnecessary suffering of the patient. AimThe purpose of this study was to describe about young people's and adults' experiences of having needle phobias.

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes for longlasting sequelae, among themloss in cognitive function, like aphasia. Aphasia effects the patients ability to understandand express themselves in speaking and writing. To be able to reach a good level of care,the careproviders and patients ought to have the same goals and values. This requires agood communication between the careproviders and patients. Which can be problematicfor the caregivers when they don't feel secure in their way of getting close to these patients.Aim: The purpose of this study was to illuminate caregivers experience of caring forpatients with the diagnosis aphasia following stroke.Method: This is a literature study where nine studies, with qualitative design, has beenanalyzed and compiled.

Background: A patient undergoing surgery will meet many caregivers in different settings pre-, intra- and postoperative in the surgical pathway. Lack of communication is a common digression and the handoff is such an occasion. The purpose is to describe current knowledge about the patients´ right to safe care perioperative. The study is a systematic review (pilot). Result: The handoff was informal, unstructured and inconsistent.