The aim of the present literature study was to describe the significant factors contributing to the development of moral distress and the consequences of moral distress can lead to in the nurse profession. A literature search was performed in the databases Medline through PubMed and Academic Search Elite on the basis of in advanced defined criterions. A total of 19 articles was reviewed and included in the study. The main result revealed that nurses experience moral distress and that it is frequent within the nurse profession. The findings revealed that there seem to be several significant factors in the development of moral distress, such as providing life-sustaining care, competing loyalties, conflicts with the physician, communication barriers, emotional barriers, cultural barriers, regulation and rules and working environment that gives the nurse difficult or unsolved ethical dilemmas.

En stor del av sjuksköterskans arbete innebär att ge information till patienter och anhöriga. Många patienter befinner sig i någon form av kris vilket försvårar informationssituationen. Studiens syfte var att belysa faktorer en sjuksköterska bör vara medveten om som informatör i mötet med patient i kris. Metoden har varit systematisk litteraturstudie. Litteratursökningen resulterade i tretton artiklar från databaserna Medline och CINAHL, vilka har granskats med avseende på vetenskaplighet och relevans för studiens syfte.

Bakgrund: Till akutmottagningen kommer alla typer av patienter av olika etniciteter, åldrar och kön, med olika skador och sjukdomar och med olika tidigare erfarenheter av hälso- och sjukvården. Patienten har mycket kontakt med sjuksköterskan på akutmottagningen, och därför är det viktigt att mötet mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten uppfattas som positivt. Forskning tyder dock på att detta inte alltid är fallet.Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienten upplever mötet med sjuksköterskan på en akutmottagning.Metod: En litteraturstudie av mixad metod med konvergent design baserad på fem kvalitativa och fem kvantitativa studier.Resultat: Fyra teman framkom: Brist på information och kommunikation; Patienten vill inte vara till besvär; Ointresse och dåligt bemötande samt Bra vård och ett gott bemötande.Slutsats: Mötet mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten på akutmottagningen blev ofta lidande på grund av bristande information, ointresse och dåligt bemötande från sjuksköterskan. Mötet var mer positivt på akutmottagningar på landsbyggden, med anledning av att stressen och arbetsbördan där var lägre.Klinisk betydelse: Genom att öka medvetenheten om problemen som belyses i denna studie och genom att implementera resultatet till akutmottagningar, ges möjligheten att förbättra vården och öka välbefinnandet för patienterna på akutmottagningen..

Literature describes what it is like to be a leader in the healthcare and what is looked upon as the most characteristic quality for female leadership. Women often use a leadership technique that motivates the employee and they allow themselves to develop a humanitarian leadership. The aim of this study was to describe female head nurses? experience of their leadership in healthcare. The collection of data has been carried out from interviews.

The study is based on a new approach on how Swedish healthcare is supposed to be controlled and organized. There is a renowned administration problem within Swedish healthcare, which seems to be an obstacle to exploit the resources to the fullest. The latest venture within the healthcare system is patient involvement, where the patients become co-producers of their own care, which aims to both improve and make healthcare more efficient. A few wards in Sweden have implemented this new approach whereupon the study intends to discuss the effectiveness and efficiency in some of these.The study is restricted to three wards, whereof two of these are inpatient wards and the other one is an outpatient ward, within the medical clinic in Jönköping County Council, which has implemented the patient involvement approach in their daily work. The methodology for this study is qualitative in its nature where a time study of personnel time allocation and supplementary interviews with managing nurses on the wards have been conducted.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva vilka faktorer som är av betydelse för patientdelaktigheten i samarbetet mellan sjuksköterska och patient. Patientens rätt till information, delaktighet och inflytande i vården har blivit allt viktigare. Ett fungerande samarbete mellan sjuksköterska och patient är viktigt för att en bra vård ska kunna uppnås. Metoden som använts är en systematisk litteraturstudie. Totalt inkluderades tio vetenskapliga artiklar som granskades och bedömdes med hjälp av ett granskningsprotokoll.

The purpose of this essay is to analyse and evaluate human relations within organisations in purpose to achieve higher productivity. Both research objects gained interest in this essay due to how their own result should be effected and their own values but the writers also detected a little curiosity on how the competition handled these questions. The essay have progressed in the following steps: first the authors have tried to find a problem definition and a scientific ground to work from. After that an extensive literature study were done to be followed by an mapping of apparition on the human relations on Scania motorverkstads logistics department and Volvo Logistics by interviews of the people in charge in these organisations. To see whether there was a unanimous line of thoughts between the management and the employees the authors made questionnaires to the different department.

Bakgrund: Sveriges största folkhälsoproblem idag är hjärt- kärlsjukdomar och den vanligaste orsaken till att personer uppsöker akutsjukvård. Att drabbas av hjärt- kärlsjukdom innebär ett lidande och en livsstilsförändring för den drabbade. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka vad som kan påverka en patient till förändrad livsstil efter hjärtinfarkt. Metod: En litteraturstudie gjordes utifrån 8 stycken artiklar där författarna inspirerades av Burnards analysmetod. Resultat: Resultatet redovisades i 4 kategorier sjukdomsinsikt, informationskällor, socialt stöd och professionellt stöd.

Background: A health damage that has been specifically related to nursing is pressure ulcers. Pressure ulcers are a complication caused by disease, care and treatment and can result in great suffering for the patient. Pressure ulcers can affect people both physically and psychosocially and is experienced, by most patients, as a serious and unnecessary complication of care. Today there are hundreds of identified risk factors for pressure ulcers described that can be divided into patient and care-related risk factors. A successful pressure ulcer prevention and treatment is to reduce or eliminate the underlying causes for the development of pressure ulcers, prevent deterioration and to treat existing ulcers.

Bakgrund: Hög omsättning av patienter och ett högt arbetstempo på en akutmottagning gör det svårt att etablera en relation. Det har visat sig att det tekniska genomförandet går före omvårdnaden. Mötet spelar en central roll för omhändertagandet vilket bör präglas av medmänsklighet, trygghet och omtanke.Även god kommunikation är en förutsättning för god omvårdnad.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters upplevelse av omvårdnad på en akutmottagning.Metod:En allmän litteraturstudie, där vetenskapliga studier sökts i databaser varav 13 stycken valts ut.Studierna granskades, analyserades och resultatet delades in i fyra teman.Resultat: De fyra teman är: Patienters upplevelser av medverkan, upplevelser av information, upplevelser av stöd och upplevelser av miljö. Medverkan påverkades framförallt av av hur vårdpersonal väljer att integrera patienter i vården. Upplevelsen av information handlar om och hur informationen ges till patienter.

BAKGRUND: Idag dricker allt fler svenskar alkohol allt oftare och i större mängder. Alkoholmissbruk innebär ett lidande för den drabbade och dennes anhöriga, samtidigt som det är ett omfattande och kostsamt problem för samhället. Sjukvårdspersonal har goda kunskaper om alkohol och dess påverkan och kan därför spela en mycket viktig roll i det hälsoförebyggande arbetet relaterat till alkohol och missbruk. SYFTE: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt är att beskriva vårdandet av patienter med ett alkoholmissbruk med speciellt fokus på bemötande och vårdrelationen. METOD: En litteraturöversikt där nio vetenskapliga artiklar analyserats.

There is a known link between relative deprivation and street crime among market liberal countries. Although some research has been done with cross-national data, there is none to suggest that the observed link is as valid in a country well known for its extended welfare and generous social expenditure like Sweden. The following study uses longitudinal data to see if this recognized link between relative deprivation and street crime also stands in a country with almost a century long tradition of striving for social-, economic- and cultural equality. Even though Sweden, over the last decade, has been subjected to a series of deregulations due to policy changes at national level, and with a following rise in inequality, it is still considered to be one of the most equal countries in the west. It is therefore not unlikely that the high degree of social security will reduce the negative impact of relative deprivation on social relations among its citizens, perhaps enough so that the correlation will be significantly weakened.

Background: Anxiety with children before surgery is well known. From the 1950s there are various assessment instruments. Despite that most day surgery units offer preparation for children and parents, there are many children who exhibit a strong anxiety the day of surgery, which can lead to postoperative behavioral changes. Today the nurse estimates the anxiety of a child on personal experience and knowledge, forming the basis for estimation whether the child is in need of sedation or not. The purpose: of this study was to evaluate instruments that the nurse can use in measuring the degree of anxiety of children before fast clinical settings, such as day surgery.

In the present study, the institutional discourse in health care was examined, focusing onspeech therapists and occupational therapists in interaction with a common patient withaphasia. The purpose of the present study was to identify common communication strategiesused in the professional conversation between a speech therapist and a patient and between anoccupational therapist and the same patient. Specific research questions were: Whatcommunicative strategies are used in interaction between a speech therapist and a patient withaphasia and between the occupational therapist and the same patient? Are theredifferences/similarities between how speech therapists and occupational therapists interactwith patients with aphasia?Six people in total, two patients in interaction with a speech therapist and an occupationaltherapist respectively, were recorded during treatment sessions of each profession. Generaland specific aspects of the institutional interaction were then analysed according to principlesof conversation analysis.Similarities in the use of closed questions as a strategy to increase the effectiveness ininteraction could be seen between the two different professions studied.

Obesity is a growing global health problem among both humans and cats with the risk of several medical conditions as a result. This can be detected and prevented by body condition assessment methods in order to visualize and detect possible or potential weight problems in cats.To achieve the best results, owner and cat should be introduced to this as soon as possible in their contact with veterinary care.Purina Body Condition System and Walthams Feline Body Mass Index are both morphometric assessment methods that are quick, relatively cheap and simple to perform. 20 cats with owners and a veterinary nurse student participated in a study to compare pet owners and a veterinary nurse student's assessment of the Purina Body Condition System and WALTHAM's Feline Body Mass Index. The body condition assessment methods were compared with each other, and it was investigated which method was preferred, the body condition distribution among the studied cats and if long-haired cats' body condition was more often misjudged. Results of the study showed a significant difference between pet owners and the veterinary nurse student's assessment of Purina BCS with a difference in median of 1.