The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic effects of different fertilization programs both on stand- and forest-level. The study is applied on an objective sample of inventory data for a forest area in Kalix in northern Sweden. The forest area belongs to the forest company Sveaskog. The study includes different economic models and will be used as a support when the company decides how to invest and how much to invest in fertilization. The study investigates the economy of five different fertilization policies. For each program the rate of interest invested in fertilization and the cost for the extra produced volume has been calculated.

AbstractKnowledge is today usually used as a way to compete in todays working life. It has become a fashionable concept and is used without a purpose. Both Plato and Aristotle used knowledge as a concept and Plato foremost acknowledged the theoretical aspect of knowledge and called it episteme. The practical aspect of knowledge was by Aristotle called techne. Today there are several concepts that describe the practical and theoretical aspect of knowledge.

En central dimension i teorin om målstyrning är att få en koppling mellan mål och resurser, däremot finns det ingen vägledning i hur dessa två kan integreras. Uppsatsens syfte är att göra en jämförelse av hur sammanlagt fyra myndigheter integrerar mål och resurser i planeringsarbetet och utifrån denna kartläggning komma med förslag för hur Vägverket kan förbättra kopplingen mellan mål och resurser i sitt arbete.För att undersöka detta har en kvalitativ studie utförts med stöd av intervjuer samt interna dokument från berörda myndigheter, vilka är förutom Vägverket: Arbetsförmedlingen, Polismyndigheten i Stockholms län och Försäkringskassan. Informationen är strukturerad på följande sätt: inledningsvis beskrivs hela planeringsprocessen och därefter följer beskrivning av målutformningsprocessen samt resursfördelningsprocessen. Alla processer studeras för sig vartefter deras förhållande sinsemellan diskuteras. Slutligen har det framkommit att alla dessa myndigheter har likartade planeringsprocesser och någon form av koppling mellan mål och resurser, dock är det endast Vägverket som gör en beräkning av resursåtgången per mål.

This study is based on interviews with five directors of educational administration within the Stockholm County. The purpose is to investigate how the directors of educational administrations, in the different municipalities, describe the relationship between the administration and the local school units. Moreover, the aim is also to describe the administration director?s work in relation to the various levels of the administration. To what extent can it be identified as a dimension of the learning organization described in this report.The study shows that skepticism is usually directed upwards toward the next level in the organization and that the decision-making right for local schools is consistently safeguarded.

Undersökningens syfte har varit att kartlägga hur basgruppsarbetet och studenternas lärande upplevs ur ett handledarperspektiv på läkarprogrammet vid Hälsouniversitetet i Linköping. Studien är grundad på kvantitativ ansats baserad på en enkät vilken delades ut till samtliga aktiva basgruppshandledare vid undersökningens tidpunkt och efterföljdes av statistiska bearbetningar. Resultatet baseras på faktoranalys, kombinerat med deskriptiv statistik samt på en öppen fråga av kvalitativ art. Resultatet redogör för studenternas lärande samt vilka aspekter anses främja respektive hindra lärande utifrån ett basgruppshandledarperspektiv. Dessutom redogörs för basgruppshandledarnas förslag på förbättringar av verksamheten.Studiens slutsatser är följande: Basgruppshandledarnas arbetssätt överensstämmer med beskrivningar av PBLmetoden.

Is the new technology always the best? This final project tries to determine if BIM is the melody of today, or if traditional 2D drawing is recommended. Perhaps a compromise is necessary, utilizing both methods.In order to answer this question, different views from the industry have been retrieved through reports, producers of software and users. The approach has consisted in building a 3D model of the school Råslättsskolan, house 01, along with interviews with people involved in the building process.When working in 2D it is hard to include the third dimension, mistakes are done and collisions happen that must be corrected, in most cases at the construction site. BIM is an incredible help since the model allows you to detect collisions and correct them.

Being an architect I create spaces with roof, walls and fl oor. The availability of the essential materials to create such spaces is practically unlimited. The materials also play a significant part to the character of the created space. I hope to contribute to the general understanding of materials as elements in the design of urban spaces by having intensely explored one specific material in depth, pointing out its bad and good qualities. I am of the opinion that the reason for choosing a material shouldn?t be because of a shortage of knowledge, facts or references, but what character you want for the room. When travelling across Europe, it sometimes feels like clay paving is everywhere, but back in Sweden it is almost unseen of in modern landscape architecture.

Prestationens betydelse och normer kring presterandet kopplat till organisationen och individen är viktiga att studera inom dagens föränderliga yrkesliv. Försvarsmakten är idag under strukturell och kulturell förändring med den enskilde yrkesofficeren allt mer i fokus. Syftet med denna studie var att få förståelse för yrkesofficerens upplevelse runt begreppet prestation samt lyfta fram synpunkter utifrån ett könsperspektiv. Datainsamlingen skedde genom intervjuer med både manliga och kvinnliga yrkesofficerare tillhörande Försvarshögskolan eller Signalregemente 1. Analysmetoden som användes var induktivt tematisk.

This study aims mainly to investigate what kind of role the public library plays in the regional and local development. The aim is also to investigate how the public library can strengthen the role as a factor of regional and local development. To explore the subject, the study is focused on the Swedish region of Västra Götaland. Three officials along with two policy documents, are included in the study as representatives of the region. Four public library managers are also interviewed but as representatives of the local perspective.

The purpose of this study is to examine some factors that make a human grouse hunter to prolong and increase its hunting effort. The theory of optimal foraging is used for explaining their behavior.The data of this study is collected from a web-based inquiry from 2007 answered by grouse hunters in Sweden. The method that has been used is mainly bivariate statistics and logistic regression analysis.Key findings shows that an experienced grouse hunter has more than 5 times the chance of prolonging hunting effort when grouse density is high, compared to a beginner grouse hunter. On the same time experienced grouse hunters also stop hunting in advance when grouse density is low to a larger extent than inexperienced hunters. Other factors of importance for prolonging the hunting effort for a day are age and the travel distance to the hunting area.

The conflict over Western Sahara is primarily a conflict over sovereignty, with Morocco on one side claiming territorial rights, and the Polisario Front on the other side claiming popular sovereignty. The conflict has till this day not been resolved and is in a dire need of a solution. In order to determine which solution is the most appropriate, an understanding of all the complex aspects of the conflict is required. In this context, the study aims to examine the conflict in a globalized setting by analyzing how the American news agency AP News portrays the conflict. The US media conglomerate was specifically chosen due to its dominance over international information flows.

The main part of the goats in the world is located in developing countries, whereas active breeding programs are mainly restricted to Northern America and Europe. Goat milk can be processed to several products and goat cheese is the main product. An organized breeding program is carried out in France and Norway but is not present in Sweden. Important selection traits for milk producing goats include milk, protein and fat yield along with protein and fat content. Functional traits have been more important the past years and they have large economic importance for the farmers.

Målet för detta examensarbete har varit att förbättra driften av en motkolvs tvåtaktsmotormed HCCI-förbränning. Huvudfokus för arbetet har varit på gasväxlingsprocessen, dåfrämst avgasprocessen.Motorn har studerats med utgångspunkt från hur en tvåtakts Otto-cykel fungerar.Gasväxlingsprocessen i tvåtaktsmotorer kännetecknas av behovet av att snabbt få ut denförbrända gasen och införa ny blandning vid varje expansionstakt, samt avsaknaden avventiler. Behovet att kunna kontrollera gasflödet genom cylindern ger upphov till två avde mest karaktäristiska systemen på tvåtaktsmotorer: spolpump samt avgaspipa.Utformningen och genomförandet av dessa två system har skapat ett flertal uppgifter somdet varit nödvändigt att lösa: porttider har uppmätts, ett luftintag med trycksatt luft harbyggts för att kunna ändra förhållandet på insugningsluften. Olika insprutningssystem harockså testats.Slutligen har en avgaspipa installerats och trimmats in. Utifrån målsättningen, så har ettlogiskt sätt att angripa problemet gjorts:? Beteende hos kompressibelt gasflöde i HCCI-motorns kanaler har studerats.? Avgasrörets dimension och dess påverkan på motor prestanda har undersöktsgenom att prova olika utformningar på avgasröret.? Experimentella observationer av tryckpulsationer i avgasflöden har gjorts för attkunna gör finjusteringar..

The aim of this study was to map the prevalence of aeolian sand dunes in Västerbotten, northern Sweden to find dunes formed during earlier deglaciation phases, which was then preserved in cold-based conditions during the youngest stadial of the Weichselian glaciation. These preserved dunes were expected to be covered by a layer of till and have a rather faint morphology compared to dunes formed during the Holocene. Consequently, high resolution LIDAR-derived images from the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority (Lantmäteriet) was used to detect the dunes throughout an area covering most of Västerbotten, above the highest coastline and below the mountain range. The analysis resulted in several new findings of aeolian dunes compared to the findings in the quaternary soil map created by the Geological Survey of Sweden. Despite the fact some of the dunes at the LIDAR-derived image had a strange faint appearance, it was quickly evident during the fieldwork that the aeolian sand was not covered by till on any of the dunes visited.

This master thesis is intended to give an increased understanding of the stress state in an axle, which is assembled in one of Atlas Copco?s mountain drilling rigs. The main problems investigated were how the axle is affected when the bearing is worn, when the pretension is varied, and how to dimension the axle. Answers to these questions were found by using hand calculations, practical testing and with Finite Element analyzes. The dimensioning of the axle is currently based on the bending stress, but the author?s opinion is that the axle should be dimensioned considering the equivalent stress.