The aim of this study is to describe how reviews of literature in Bonniers litterära magasin and Expressen changed during the period 1964-2004. The investigation is based on 20 reviews of novels and short stories, which are analysed with a method described in Hellspong and Ledin (1997) and inspired by Halliday. The theoretical frame of the investigation is founded on critical discourse analysis (Fairclough 1992 & 2001) and Habermas´social theory of the public sphere.The investigation shows, among other things, that the reviews became shorter and easier to read in both paper during the period. The investigation also shows that the genre´s style, composition and contents are relatively stable, and that current ideologies in society have a tendency to be reflected in the reviewers´evaluation of the books. To generalize, the reviews thus developed from a poetic genre in 1964, to become political in the 1970s, academic in the 1980s, feminist in the 1990s and finally an intermedial genre in 2004..

Japan's foreign and security policy has seen some substantial changes as a result of events like the first Gulf war and 9/11th. This has been taken as proof, by some, that Japan is abandoning its antimilitaristic stance and pursuing a more traditional hard power role through military means. This essay aims to explore if these shifts have coincided with any substantial shifts away from antimilitarism, which has had a strong influence on the country's security policy since the end of WW2.To do this I use constructivist theory, specifically regarding the impact of norms and identities on states security policy and briefly look into the problem of actor designation. The thematic focus is on security policy, from a narrow perspective, and thus I examine areas like the input and output to the Japanese military and the actual applications of this force. State identity is used to explore the prevalence of nationalistic sentiments and support for anti militarism in the public opinion and the political elite.The result of this study points to the further relevance of constructivist theory and especially the application of norms and identity.

Hur kommer det sig att en organisation som brandmannakollektivet uppvisar en så låg kvinnorepresentation bland sina brandmän när andra organisationer med samma eller liknande förutsättningar, som polis och militär, uppvisar bättre resultat? Vad kan förklara den låga kvinnorepresenationen i den Svenska räddningstjänsten?Vi har i denna uppsats försökt förklara problemet med hjälp av nyinstitutionella teorier, så som homogenitet på organisationsfältet (isomorfismer) och professionens legitimitetssträvan genom omvärlden. Vi menar att det inte räcker att hitta och förklara institutionella faktorer och därmed en förändringströghet, med enbart isomorfismer eller enbart professionens legitimitetssträvan. De måste sättas i en relation till varandra.Det vi fann var att räddningstjänsten inte söker sin professionella legitimitet genom styrning från lagar och regler, och att denna ignorans skapar en norm på organisationsfältet. Ignoransen är en konsekvens av svag styrning från andra aktörer i organisationsfältet samt obefintlig granskning.

Studien handlar om heteronormativitet i grundskolans sex- och samlevnadsundervisning. Heteronormativitet är antagandet om att det enda rätta och normala är att vara heterosexuell. Normer finns överallt i olika kulturer och grupper, heteronormen är en ledande och övergripande norm i vårt samhälle. I skolan kan svårigheter uppstå för de elever som på något sätt avviker från heteronormen. Svenska lärarutbildningar berör ämnet sex och samlevnad i mycket begränsad utsträckning vilket kan medföra att lärare inte har den kunskap som krävs för att undervisa i ämnet.

One of the Swedish preschools many tasks is to identify the needs of a child and to shape an activity suited to their needs. This identification means a lot of times that a child is weighed and valued despite that the curriculum clearly states that no assessment is to be done in the Swedish preschool. To develop a preschool able to face all children regardless of their individual needs it?s necessary to change focus from child assessment to instead look at the work and environment in the whole preschool. A development of the activity might be seen as a work in progress whose primary goal is to improve the quality of work in preschool.

Projektanställningen är en tidsbegränsad anställningsform som i dagens lagbestämmelse motiveras av ?arbetets särskilda beskaffenhet?. En projektanställning är många gånger förknippad med specialistkompetens, som används i företag för att utveckla och skapa nytänkande. Andra tidsbegränsade anställningsformer, å andra sidan, är många gånger till för att täcka ett tillfälligt behov av personal av olika slag.Flexibilitet benämns allt oftare som rådande norm i samhället och sägs ha växt fram ur globalisering, internationalisering och ny teknologi. Flexibla företag kännetecknas många gånger som effektiva, konkurrenskraftiga och nischade.

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a special unit for patients who is in the need for emergency life-sustaining measures and every patient has complex medical- technical equipment. The experiences of a critical illness and the needs of critical care are experienced in different ways. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences from patients in the ICU and how this experience has an influence on the patients. The method was a study of literature with a qualitative inception based on eight scientific articles and the analysis of content has been inspired by Graneheim and Lundman (2003). The result of the study is presented by four categories: to loose the ability to make themselves understood, to be forced to adjust to the environment of caring, to have the lack of connection with reality and to be in an intensive care environment, The results showed that patients in the ICU are affected by the attitude from the staff, the equipment around them as well as the sounds and lights in the environment there.

Research in the field of gaming and the gaming culture shows that the culture is characterized by sexism and hypermasculinity, however a majority of this research is conducted in an Anglo-Saxon context. Therefore the aim of this study was to elucidate the Swedish gaming discourse in relation to gender, gendered norms and stereotypes. We also sought to examine the relationship between the editorial content and the blog comments. The study was based on a critical discourse analysis with a gender perspective, applied to five Swedish gaming blogs. By implementing power theory and encoding/decoding theory, we have concluded that there is a discursive struggle, where one part of the gaming culture is characterized by male dominance, while the other part of the discourse is showing signs of resistance to this hypermasculinity.

?The myth of Palme- a textual analysis of the documentary Palme and its description of the social memory of Olof Palme as a norm or anomaly? by Emma Svanström aims to analyze how the directors of the documentary Palme choose to present Olof Palme to the future generations. Also the goal is to find out if their version presents Palme as a person who followed the norms or was divergent.To this purpose the thesis use textual analysis combined with a quantitative method in search of which persons the directors give the right to form the myth of Palme and which keywords they use to do describe him. To view the film as a social memory in the transformation to a myth the thesis use Jan Assmans theory of social memory and to find out if the documentary describes Palme as following the norms or divergent it uses Mary Douglas theory of anomaly.The results show that it is mainly the narrator and Olof Palme that gets to form the myth of him but also his family, friends, fellow employees and other persons that met him or was affected by his actions. Palme is discribed as special, intelligent, interested in social politics and able to act as he saw fit even if it was against the norms.

Thesis purpose: This thesis will through a case study of a recently rebranded bank ?Jyske Bank?, seek to research deeper within the field of service sector rebranding. The internal communication used in connection to the rebranding, will be analyzed in order to investigate what initiatives Jyske Bank?s organizational leaders launched to implement the rebranding and furthermore whether the initiatives have worked. The research questions are: - What are the critical initiatives behind the re-branding process, and have these initiatives been successful?- Furthermore, to determine the success: To what extend does the intended image, created by the organizational leaders of Jyske bank, in relation to the rebranding, correlate with the identity held by the organizational members? Methodology: This thesis employs a mix of quantitative questionnaires and qualitative semi structured interviews.Theoretical perspectives: Corporate rebranding framework (Daly & Moloney, 2004) and a conceptualization of the employee branding process (Miles & Mangold, 2005)Empirical data: The empirical data was collected from in depth interviews with management and questionnaires from employees.

Studies in the recent years have showed that the preschool playground is important for both the physical and emotional development of children. The Botkyrka local government has decided to improve their preschool playgrounds in order to take advantage of these studies. The administration of childcare and education in Botkyrka is arranging a network between the different preschools where they work together to improve their outdoor environments. The network is arranging workshops and seminars where people from the different preschools can come and gain inspiration for improvements of their own preschools. The administration of properties has created a document where they describe the changes that are supposed to be made to the different outdoor environments. Through the administration of properties and the person who is responsible for the outdoor environments I was introduced to their work with the preschool playgrounds.

Business Intelligence may help organizations in making the right decisions byproviding data for analysis which can be presented to decision makers. DataWarehouse which is a central part of Business Intelligence can be built in severalways but the methods presented by Ralph Kimball and Bill Inmons are considered thetwo main methods. The solution provided by Inmon focuses on integrating the entirebusiness into one large database using relational database development. Kimballhowever proposes dimensional database modeling by creating one or more data martsand integrating these using a data bus. Previous research has shown that the quality ofa Data Warehouse can be measured through critical factors such as data quality andsystem quality.

I denna uppsats studeras konstruktionen av bilden som ges i svensk tidningsmedias presentation av två svenska politiker vad gäller föräldraskap, kön och manlighet i relation till det politiska ledarskapet. För att genomföra studien bygger uppsatsen på teorier och tidigare forskning inom CSM- kritiska studier på män, inklusive teorier från svenska forskare såsom Klinth och Klinth & Johansson inom forskning om föräldraförsäkringen och män. I tidigare forskning har det konstaterats att politiken bygger på en manlig norm, men att föräldraskapet bygger på en kvinnlig norm, därav är det av intresse att se hur den manliga normen förändras eller samverkar med föräldraskapet i relation till politiskt ledarskap. Analysen genomfördes därför genom att studera presentationen av Gustav Fridolin och Birgitta Ohlsson, två rikskända politiker som båda blivit föräldrar inom en ganska nära tid.I uppsatsens analys visas att det finns delade meningar i uppfattningen om hur föräldraskapet ska moderniseras eller frigöras från traditionella sociala mönster i studien om Gustav Fridolin och Birgitta Ohlsson i relation till föräldraskapet, samt att det förekommer två tydliga diskurser i ämnesområdet..

Bakgrund: Tinnitus och ljudkänslighet är symptom som tycks öka bland ungdomar. En förklaring kan vara att ungdomar tillbringar allt mer och längre tid i bullriga miljöer utan att använda hörselskydd. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att jämföra gymnasieungdomars attityder till stark musik i relation till olika självupplevda hörselsymptom samt med avseende på variablerna norm, risktagande och riskmedvetenhet.Metod: Enkätstudie på 281 gymnasieungdomar i åldrarna 15-19 år, om deras attityder till stark musik. Enkäten bygger bl.a. på frågor och påståenden från Youth Attitude to Noise Scale, Health Belief Model och Theory of Planned Behavior.Resultat: Personer med permanent tinnitus hade mer negativa attityder till stark musik än de som inte hade det.

Damhockeyspelare hyllas inte lika ofta som herrhockeyspelare i sportmedia. Tidigare forskning tyder istället på att damidrottare oavsett sport sexualiseras och trivialiseras. Den här studien har undersökt hur svensk sportmedia konstruerar damhockey, specifikt i relation till herrhockey. Det teoretiska ramverket utgick från diskursteori och genusteori. Med hjälp av diskursanalys undersöktes artiklar, bloggar och krönikor ur två kvällstidningar, två TV-kanaler och Svensk Radios sportsektion.